COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF AEROBIC POWER VALUE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION TESTING METHODS LI JIA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER DEGREE OF SCIENCE IN EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCE BURAPHA UNIVERSITY JULY 2012 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY
iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have given me help to complete my master degree study. First of all, I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Associate Professor Dr. Pratoom Muongmee, my principal advisor, for his support, encouragement, kindness, helping me make my dream come true and providing professional advising, teaching me as a student. I had a difficult time to professional using English but when I approached Dr. Pratoom he was very receptive although he already had a busy schedule. His advising and mentoring was not only through my study process, but also was through the whole graduate years, which was a significant contribution to my academic and professional development. I also greatly appreciate my co-advisor, Associate Professor Dr. Wantana Promsuay for providing excellent suggestions and feedback for the improvement of this study. Secondly, I wish to extend my thanks to Dr. Sukanya Charoenwattana and Dr. Somporn Songtrakul, who were patient to teach me and encourage me for my study. Especially, Dr. Sukanya Charoenwattana not only taught me the knowledge, but also guided me how to be a good graduate student when I couldn t speak English fluently in the first semester. She used to spend a lot of time explaining the details to me again and again. The most important was that she accepted me with her great love. Finally, I should express my gratitude to my family members, my father Li Dingguo and aunty Chen Xiuqin who were supporting me to study and lived in Thailand around three years. Especially, I would like to express my love to my boyfriend, Mr. Fengqin Liu who always teaches me English which help me to improve my English quickly. He taught me how to study and live well as a foreign student. He always stays with me and takes care of me, so that I never feel alone. I love him as he loves me. Li Jia
iv 53910920: MAJOR: EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE; M.Sc. (EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE) KEYWORDS: VO 2 MAX/ ASTRAND-RHYMING TEST/ YMCA CYCLE ERGOMETER TEST/ COOPER 12 MIN. RUN - WALK TEST/ ROCKPORT FITNESS WALKING TEST/ STEP TEST LI JIA: COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF AEROBIC POWER VALUE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION TESTING METHODS. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: PRATOOM MUONGMEE, Ph. D., WANTANA PROMSUAY, Ph.D. 83 P. 2012. This study was conducted to compare the Astrand-Rhyming Test result of VO 2 max value with the test results of YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test. A total of 20 subjects were purposely selected from volunteer athletes of Burapha University teams in academic year 2011 with average age of 20.45 ± 0.69 yrs, weight of 62.80 ± 10.71 kg and average height of 172.45 ± 10.01cm. All participants were required to participate in all five tests with 72 hours apart. The data was analyzed paired samples t-test to compare the VO 2 max value of Astrand-Rhyming Test with VO 2 max value obtained from other 4 tests. Results showed that average VO 2 max value (ml/kg/min.) for men and women of YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test (men = 44.82 ± 8.41, women = 43.71 ± 6.36), Rockport Fitness Walking Test (men = 51.48 ± 2.92, women = 43.68 ± 6.54), Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test (men = 47.51 ± 3.13) and Step Test (men = 52.71 ± 7.95, women = 37.68 ± 1.71) were not significantly different from the value obtained from Astrand-Rhyming Test (men = 50.24 ± 6.90, women = 40.78 ± 6.14). However, only the VO 2 max value for women from the Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test results (women = 34.77 ± 4.40) was significantly different from Astrand-Rhyming Test (p 0.05). Results suggested that the YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test, yielding nearest results to the Astrand-Rhyming Test, could be used for field test when the Astrand-Rhyming Test is not suitable.
v CONTENTS ABSTRACT. iv CONTENTS. v LIST OF TABLES.. vii LIST OF FIGURES..... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 Statement and significance of the problem.... 1 Contribution to knowledge... 2 Research question..... 3 Objectives. 3 Hypotheses 3 Scope of the study. 4 Limitations of the study 4 Definitions of terms.. 4 The framework of study 5 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS.. 6 Physical fitness. 6 Measurement of Maximal Oxygen Consumption. 13 Summary 41 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 42 Population. 42 Samples. 42 Criteria for selection of participants. 42 Data collection. 42 Data analysis. 47 Summary... 48 4 RESULTS 49
vi CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Chapter 5 DISSCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 55 Discussions... 55 Conclusions.... 60 Recommendations... 60 REFERENCES 62 APPENDICES 68 APPENDIX 1. 69 APPENDIX 2. 76 APPENDIX 3.... 79 BIOGRAPHY. 83
vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Components of health-related fitness.. 2 Dimensions of aerobic fitness... 3 Physical fitness testing lists. 8 12 14 4 Oxygen Uptake (VO 2 max) estimates in liters per minute for the Astrand-Rhyming Test... 19 5 Age-based correction factors for Maximal Oxygen Uptake for the Astrand - Rhyming Test.. 6 A YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test result for a 20 years old female 7 VO 2 max obtained from the recovery Heart Rates.. 8 Maximal Oxygen Uptake norms for men (ml/kg/min)... 9 Maximal Oxygen Uptake norms for women (ml/kg/min) 10 The treadmill speed increases index... 11 The timed stages with the speed and grade of slope of the treadmill.. 12 Percentile ranks for distance during 12 Min Run for men and women 13 Percentile rank for 1.5 mi (2.41 km) run time (min : s) men and women 14 Normative values for the Rockport Walking Test 15 Maximal Oxygen Uptake (ml/kg/min) classifications (men and women)... 16 Fitness categories according to percentages... 17 The formula for determination of VO2 max testing 18 Physical characteristics of participants 20 23 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 38 39 47 49 19 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and YMCA Test for men athletes 50 20 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and YMCA Test for women athletes.. 50
viii LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) Table 21 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Cooper 12 Min. Run-Walk Test for men athletes 51 22 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Cooper 12 Min. Run-Walk Test for women athletes 51 23 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Rockport Fitness Walking Test for men athletes. 52 24 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Rockport Fitness Walking Test for women athletes. 52 25 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Step Test for men athletes 53 26 Comparison of total means values from Astrand-Rhyming Test and Step Test for women athletes... 53 27 The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of the measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption. 57 28 Maximal Oxygen Uptake (ml/kg/min) Astrand-Rhyming Test classification (for man and women). 80 29 Maximal Oxygen Uptake (ml/kg/min) classification of YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test for women 81 30 Maximal Oxygen Uptake (ml/kg/min) classification of Rockport Fitness Walking Test for men and women... 82
ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The framework of study... 2 Four components of health-related physical fitness... 5 7 3 Sport-specific athletic fitness builds on the core of health-related physical fitness and expands... 4 Modified Astrand-Rhyming nomogram... 5 YMCA workload guidelines for men and women 6 Maximum physical working capacity prediction. 7 Cycle ergometer protocol used for Ramp Test (men).. 8 Cycle ergometer protocol used for Ramp Test (women)... 9 Field of 12 Min. Run-Walk Test.. 10 18 21 22 40 41 46