Public Healthy and Community Design Jeffery Rosenhall, MA, LCI #2312 Health Program Manager, CDPH April 24, 2017 Stairwell interventions Urban bike track
Public health and planning: A Road Map Planning, transportation and land use decisions/policies: 1. Land use 2. Transportation 3. Access to healthy food 4. Health in All Policies Public health impacts: 1. Obesity 2. Injury prevention 3. Air Quality 4. Climate Change
Public health issues connected to the built environment 1. Auto-dependence, sedentary lifestyle 2. Lack of parks and recreation space 3. Fruits and vegetables not readily available 4. Pedestrian, bicyclist, and driver injuries/fatalities 5. Air pollution 6. Climate change
The health impacts of sprawl
People in the most sprawling counties are likely to weigh 6 pounds more than people living in the most compact counties. Sacramento County
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2010 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person) No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29% 30%
Nat l Obesity rate: 36% of American adults now obese Another 33% overweight A total of 69% carry extra weight
For thousands and thousands of years, human beings have led very physically active lives hunter-gatherer rural-agrarian
How much exercise do we need? 30 minutes on most days Can be split up Surgeon General s 1996 Physical Activity Recommendation
Without regular exercise, health status tends to decline Chronic diseases Diabetes Heart disease Cancer High blood pressure and other conditions Higher stress levels Poor sleep quality Decreased mental alertness Depression Osteoporosis
Dramatic diabetes increase in past 30 years
Land use: Our environment has changed North Natomas
Land use: We ve rapidly urbanized our open space From 2000 to 2009, North Natomas built out 11 square miles of land. Sprawl s Spread Speeds Up Sacramento Bee Nov 6, 2011
North Natomas
Public health solution Compact communities designed for walking and bicycling
Potential public health solutions Shared use or joint use
Transportation: We re building an Asphalt Nation 250% increase in vehicle miles traveled 1960-1997 Elk Grove residents now average 60 minutes in commute time, up by 10% from 2000 North Natomas average 50 minutes commute Sprawl s Spread Speeds Up Sacramento Bee Nov 6, 2011
Transportation: How do we spend our time? Sacramento commuters waste an average of 41 hours a year in traffic congestion above the national average of 38 hours a year.
Transportation: Traffic congestion adds to stress Driving is sedentary and stressful Traffic jams unpredictable lack of sense of control Increases aggression and road rage
The probability of obesity rises with time spent in a car White Male White Female Black Male Black Female 100min 200 min 300 min 400 min 500 min Percent 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Community Design and Traffic Injuries The LEADING CAUSE of death of people aged 1 24 years is automobile crashes. Faster speeds on faster streets = more lethal collisions.
Community Design and Pedestrian Injuries Howe Ave at Alta Arden Pedestrian deaths are greater in sprawling areas, where there are fewer pedestrians. Ewing R, Schieber RA, Zegeer CV. Urban sprawl as a risk factor in motor vehicle occupant and pedestrian fatalities. Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep;93(9):1541-5.
If a public health professional were redesigning Sacramento, there would be Shorter distances between where we live and where we need to go each day J Street, Midtown Sacramento
Public health solutions Increased density with reliable, frequent transit, car-sharing and
Public health solutions State Employee and Regional BikeShare
Physically active employees are out sick less often Netherlands study of 1236 employees 64% cycled to work Fewest absences among those who cycled the most Difference of 15%
Food access: No access to healthy foods No retail sources of food in sprawling developments Limited options in urban core = food desert
Land Use Mix: The probability of obesity decreases in balanced neighborhoods
Public health solutions Healthy Retail
Potential public health solutions Farm-to-Fork/Farmer s Markets
Potential public health solutions Health Impact Assessments Screening Scoping Assessment Reporting Monitoring Example: McKinley Village, East Sacramento
Thank you! Jeffery Rosenhall, MA, LCI #2312 Health Program Manager CDPH 1616 Capitol Avenue Sacramento, CA 95814 916.650.6891 jeffery.rosenhall@cdph.ca.gov