Chordates 1 Biology 2
Kingdom Animals Eukaryotic Multicellular - Many cell types Heterotrophic Feed by ingestion No cell walls Diploid life cycle
Phylogenetic Tree Deuterostome Bilateral Symmetry 3 tissues Protostome Radial Symmetry 2 tissues no tissues Molt Don t molt Lophophore Chordates Echinoderms Arthropods Nematodes Annelids Molluscs Platyhelminthes Rotifer Lophophorates Ctenophora Cnidaria Porifera
Acoelomate Eucoelomate Platyhelminthes Gut Gut Pseudocoelomate coelom Gut Pseudocoel Nematoda Rotifera Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Molllusca Echinodermata Chordata
Phylum Echinodermata starfish and relatives larva - bilateral symmetry adults - radial symmetry spines unique water vascular system endoskeleton - numerous plates
Starfish Video from www.arkive.org
Starfish Water Vascular System Textbook Fig. 28.27 Gonads Digestive System
Water Vascular System See handout Sieve plate ring canal radial canals tube feet
Arm Cross Section pincers digestive gland spines epidermis skeletal plates See handout gonads tube feet
Phylum Echinodermata Starfish Sea Urchin Sand Dollar Sea Cucumber
Phylum Chordata Possess at some point in life cycle notochord - dorsal stiffening rod dorsal hollow nerve cord pharyngeal gill pouches postanal tail 3 Subphyla
Subphylum Cephalochordata all 4 chordate characteristics in adult common name: lancelets <10 cm burrow in mud filter-feed
Subphylum Cephalochordata Internal Structure Lancelet See handout
Subphylum Urochordata tunicates - tough casing sea squirts incurrent & excurrent siphons mostly sessile filter-feeders
Subphylum Urochordata Internal Structure Sea Squirt See handout
Urochordata Larva Internal Structure Sea Squirt Larva See handout
Diversity of Tunicates Bluebell Tunicate Purple Tunicate Free-Swimming Tunicate
Subphylum Vertebrata all 4 chordate features in embryos notochord replaced by vertebrae skull endoskeleton of bone or cartilage large coelom 7 classes
Evolutionary Tree lungs amnionic egg limbs Mammals Reptiles & Birds Amphibians jaws bones Lobe-finned fish Ray-finned fish vertebrae ancestor tunicate larva Cartilaginous fish Jawless fish Tunicates Lancelets
Class Agnatha jawless fish no scales cartilaginous skeleton notochord persists some filter feeders some parasites lamprey hagfish
Class Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish cartilaginous skeleton jaws dermal denticles (scales) some predators some filter-feeders shark rays and skates
Class Osteichthyes bony fish jaws scales gills covered by operculum most ray-finned (thin fins supported by thin bony rays) many swim bladder (buoyancy) very diverse
Bony Fish Structure Figure 29.7 + Vertebrate Diversity Lab
Bony Fish Diversity bluegill salmon salmon seahorse lionfish beta
Lobe-Finned Fishes small subgroup of bony fishes have fleshy fins supported by bones Coelacanths deep-sea Lungfish freshwater (Africa, S. America) have gills & lungs survive dry spells by burrowing/reducing metabolism
Class Amphibians both land and water thin, non-scaly skin eggs and larva aquatic, gills adult terrestrial, simple lungs most tetrapods (4-legged)
Salamanders and Newts elongated body 4 equal legs tail Red-spotted newt Spotted Salamander Mudpuppy
Frogs and Toads adult lacks tail large hind legs
The End