Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Draw Conclusions Captions Labels Call Outs Glossary Food Chains Scott Foresman Science 1.5 ì<(sk$m)=bdhehd< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U ISBN 0-328-13747-2
Vocabulary food chain marsh oxygen rain forest Extended Vocabulary connect creatures seashore shallow tentacles tides by Barbara L. Luciano Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would like to thank: 11 (T) Stephen Oliver/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13747-2 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What You Already Know Living things have needs. Plants, animals, and people all need things to grow and stay healthy. Living things need food. Some living things eat only plants. Other living things eat only animals. Some living things eat both plants and animals. Food chains connect all living things. They show what different living things eat. Plants are parts of food chains. They make their own food. They use air, sunlight, and water to do it. Plants give off oxygen. Oxygen is a gas in the air. People and animals need oxygen to live. Rain forests are habitats. They get a lot of rain. Marshes are wetland habitats. All habitats have food chains. In this book, you are going to read about a seashore habitat! Have you ever been to the seashore? There are lots of living creatures there. You will see some of these animals. You will find out what they eat. Hermit crab eating fish Squirrel eating nut 2 3
Seashore The seashore is a habitat. There is a lot of sand and water at the seashore. The water is sometimes deep. The water is sometimes shallow. It changes when tides bring water in and out. Many plants make their homes at the seashore. Many animals live there too. There are food chains at the seashore. Food chains connect living things. Different living things need different food. Food chains show the ways living things get their food. Let us learn about some animals that live at the seashore. Let us find out what they eat. We can learn about seashore food chains. 4 5
Dog Whelk A dog whelk is a seashore animal. It has a soft body and a hard shell. The shell can be many colors. This one has stripes on its shell. The dog whelk eats animals such as barnacles, limpets, and mussels. Other animals, such as crabs or sea birds, can eat the dog whelk. But its hard shell helps keep it safe. Sea Anemone The sea anemone may look like a plant, but it is an animal! Sea anemones live on rocks or coral. Coral are living things that look like rocks. A sea anemone uses its tentacles. It catches and eats small fish or shrimp. Sea stars, snails, or fish might eat sea anemones. Sea anemone Dog whelk on sponge Tentacle 6 7
Queen Scallop A queen scallop is an animal with a shell. The shell is in two parts. A queen scallop lives with other queen scallops. They live on sand under the water. They eat algae (AL-jee). Algae are living things that are like plants in some ways. Sea birds and sea stars can eat queen scallops. Rockling in seaweed Queen scallops Rockling A rockling is a fish. It is fast in the water. Young rocklings stay in schools, or groups, of fish. Rocklings eat animals, such as shrimp, small crabs, and prawns. Rocklings need to watch out for birds and fish called mackerel. If they are not careful, the rocklings could be dinner! 8 9
Hermit Crab Hermit crabs live in a shell. They can hide in the shells. This helps protect them from sea birds that might want to eat them. Some people keep hermit crabs as pets! A pet hermit crab might eat fruit or vegetables. A seashore hermit crab eats what it can find. Sea star Hermit crab Sea Star Sea stars are small, slow animals. They can move in any direction. They do not have to turn to move. Sea stars eat worms, mussels, Sea star eating mussels and creatures with shells. Did you know that a sea star can push its stomach out of its mouth? Some fish and some crustaceans (kruh-stay-shuhnz) eat sea stars. 10 11
King Ragworm The king ragworm lives in the sand. It will sometimes dig into the ground. It can hide from the sea birds that want to eat it. What does the king ragworm eat? It eats both plants and animals. It eats fish eggs, animal parts, and plants. Oystercatcher An oystercatcher is a bird. It lives near the water. It uses its bill to eat. Do not believe the oystercatcher s name! It eats mussels. It also eats worms, shrimp, and small crabs. Oystercatchers have to watch out for foxes and rats. Nesting oystercatcher Ragworms 12 13
Seashore Animals There are many animals at the seashore. They are all part of food chains. Every habitat has food chains that connect the creatures that live there. If you go to the seashore, see if you can find any of the creatures you found in this book! Many living things can be found in a seashore habitat. Anemones and sea star 14 15
Glossary connect to link things together What did you learn? 1. What are the parts of the seashore where animals are found? creatures seashore shallow tentacles tides living things land at the edge of the ocean not deep long body parts that help animals touch, hold, or move the rise and fall of the ocean 2. What might a king ragworm eat? 3. Some animals dig into the ground to stay safe. Write to explain how this helps them. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Draw Conclusions A pet hermit crab eats fruits and vegetables. A hermit crab that lives in the seashore eats what it can find. Why do you think a seashore hermit crab does not eat just fruits and vegetables? 16