Program: Instructor Page: 1 of 23 Change Summary October 11, 2002 September 12, 2004 Updated Lesson Plan Updated Lesson Plan
Program: Instructor Page: 2 of 23 1. DESCRIPTION Lesson plan to provide training materials for improvement in the performance of Assistant s. 2. GOALS To provide training for referees to become more competent assistant referees. The primary emphasis of this course is positioning, although flag signals are also covered. 3. PRE-REQUISITES Students should have a basic knowledge of the Diagonal System of Control. In most cases this will mean that these referees are Area level or higher. The class would also be appropriate for experienced Regional s and those who will be assigned to run lines, even if relatively inexperienced. 4. STUDENT MATERIALS When this lesson plan is presented at a Section Meeting student hand-outs will be provided in booklet form to all attendees prior to the workshop. Instructors should review the content of these booklets prior to the class. Hand-outs. (Ref 117 Hand-outs) 5. INSTRUCTOR EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Overhead projector and/or prepared Flip Chart Overheads prepared from accompanying diagrams. Alternatively, flip charts can be used (prepared in advance). An adequate number of flags for all the students to use during the signaling portion of the class. 6. INSTRUCTOR NOTES Two instructors are sufficient for this class. The lead instructor should be an Advanced or higher referee instructor, while the co-instructor can be
Program: Instructor Page: 3 of 23 Intermediate. Both instructors must be confident in their knowledge of the Diagonal System of Control. 1. Be thorough in covering positioning and signals. Take plenty of time to make sure they know everything. 2. Real and hypothetical scenarios will arise. You can let these discussions run or cut them off. Doing the former will limit, if not eliminate, the ability to actually practice the signals, but that might be the appropriate course to take, based on your judgment. 7. ATTACHMENTS Ref 117 - Hand-outs Attached at end of Lesson Plan Ref 117 Overheads Attached at end of Lesson Plan Note: Hand-outs and Overheads are also available as separate downloads.
Program: Instructor Page: 4 of 23 A. INTRODUCTION LESSON PLAN 1. Introduce self and co-instructors 2. Introduce topic. As refs we sometimes have to act as assistant refs Regional and Area courses cover it, but the lessons aren t often applied, thus easily forgotten Running the line is definitely an art in itself and involves different skills from refereeing We will review everything needed to be a good AR 3. Link to previous lesson if being presented as part of a training course. B. BODY 1. Why! a) Brief Review of Diagonal System of Control b) Proper use of the DSC gives the 3 officials the best view for properly controlling the game c) Proper control gives the most enjoyable game for the players d) History developed by Sir Stanley Rous, 1934 e) The DSC is the only recognized system of control f) Dual system is not to be used in AYSO games (State this as a fact. Do not get into a discussion or the relative merits of the 2 systems.) 2. What a) Must Knows i. AR has 3 lines of responsibility (V4) Offside Line Touch line
Program: Instructor Page: 5 of 23 Goal line Explain left & right diagonals (V1 shows left only. Explain right diagonal.) Explain ball between principle and show ball moving from point 1 to point 2 (V2) Move off diagonal as necessary (V3 shows shaded approximate coverage area) Move in toward penalty area when necessary. Don t stay wide just for sake of staying wide. Read play and move. b) Should Knows i. Pre-Game Get instructions from ref Enter as team with ref and other AR Inspect field and players Record info (coin toss, etc.) Flag furled Check nets and move to touch line Count players, check GK readiness (silently) When ready unfurl flag and hold down, make eye contact with ref ii. During Game Job is to assist, not insist Give ref the facts, decision is his to make Eye contact with ref extremely important Offside line iii. Ball in Play While ball is in play you are in 1 of the 3 locations Second-to-last-defender (STLD) (V5)
Program: Instructor Page: 6 of 23 Following ball behind STLD all the way to goal line moving Offside Line (V6) Emphasize this! Halfway line (V7) Side-stepping is most common and effective way to move, but you must turn and run when necessary. iv. Restarts Kick off STLD (V8) Throw-in offside line, if in thrower s way move slightly toward goal line; should always be goal line side of thrower unless throw is so fast you can t get there without interfering (immediately move after signaling to get proper position) (V9) Corner kick Looking down goal line whether kick is taken from location 1 or 2; on near side kick can move back to get out of kicker s way after checking ball placement (V10) Goal kick start at 6 yd. line to make sure ball is in goal area, then move either to 18 to check ball in play or encroachment or move to STLD if GK is going to kick long (V11) Penalty kick---move to intersection of goal line and penalty area; you now have responsibility to check goalkeeper moving forward off line too soon (V12) Free kicks - stay with offside line unless instructed or directed by ref to move to goal line (V13) c) Could Knows For ALL signals the flag should be in the hand that indicates the direction of play of the team that will carry out the restart. Example: Throw-in in the ref diagonal - vertical in appropriate hand. Example: Foul indicated by AR vertical in appropriate hand.
Program: Instructor Page: 7 of 23 3. How Use other instructor to demo Always in hand toward field as you move up and down touch line When signaling, stop and face the field; flag always in appropriate hand; never arm across body Throw-In (AR quadrant) 45 degree in direction of throw; if it goes over touch line then quickly back in, hold flag vertical until ref acknowledges, then show direction Goal Kick horizontal to goal area; if out & right back in, vertical, then signal Corner Kick (your side of field) 45 degree down to corner; vertical first, if necessary as with goal kick Corner Kick (ref side) signal only if ref looks to you for help; same as above Offside up, then appropriate third after ref stops play Goal look at ref & run short distance up touchline, keep flag down Goal where ball goes in & right back out flag vertical, when ref stops play, then run up touchline; keep flag down Ball in goal, but there is a problem If scorer was offside, hold offside signal If someone else was offside or if a foul was committed, stand at attention, wait for developments Foul seen by ref your job is to help locate spot either in or out of penalty area; respond to eye contact from ref asking for help; if outside, no signal; if inside, flag straight down in front Foul not seen by ref, but seen by lead raise vertically & wave; if ref stops play, signal direction like a throw-in; if penalty kick move directly to corner and stand in front of flag Foul not seen by ref, seen by trail mirror signal Always mirror other AR s signal if ref doesn t see it
Program: Instructor Page: 8 of 23 What if ref misses flag? If throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, goal, i.e. the ball leaves the field, then hold signal until ref acknowledges If offside, hold signal until defense gains clear possession or goal kick or throw-in for defense C. CONCLUSION Review Good game control requires accurate communication Ref must make decisions based on info provided by AR s Mechanics of Diagonal System facilitate this by providing access to information and by enhancing accuracy of information, so it s important as an AR to be in position and give correct signals to the ref Class Participation Have everyone stand and get adequate room Unless you can get enough flags for everyone, have them use a pen or pencil as a flag If there s enough room, move a little, like on the field Work on proper flag carriage Go over throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, offside, foul, goal, goal with problem Give game-type scenarios when doing this. For example, You re even with the STLD. A long ball is played past the defense. At the moment of the kick an attacker is in an offside position. He runs for the ball. What do you do? (Ask for both positioning and signal.) After they give the proper signal, ask them where they stand for the re-start. Confirm
Program: Instructor Page: 9 of 23 Repeat the class participation until students carry out the signaling instinctively. Pass out handouts. 1. -Three lines of responsibility 2. Assistant Mechanics and Signaling Link to following lesson if being presented as part of a training course. Pass out and collect evaluations.
Program: Instructor Page: 10 of 23 ASSISTANT REFEREE MECHANICS AND SIGNALING Positioning While ball is in play you are on the offside line in one of three locations: 1. Second-to-last-defender (STLD) 2. Following ball behind STLD all the way to goal line 3. Halfway line if the STLD is in the other half of the field Positioning On Restarts Kick off STLD Throw-in Offside line Corner kick Looking down goal line regardless of side from which the kick is being taken. Goal kick Start at 6 yard line to make sure ball is in goal area, then move either to 18 yard line (to check for ball in play or encroachment by the opponents) or to STLD if the goalkeeper is going to kick long. Penalty kick Move to intersection of goal line and penalty area. Free kick near goal Stay with offside line unless instructed or directed by referee to move to goal line. Signaling Flag always in hand toward field as you move up and down touch line. When signaling, stop and face the field; flag always in appropriate hand; never arm across body. Throw-in (AR quadrant) 45 degree in direction of throw; if it goes over touch line then quickly back in, hold flag vertical until ref acknowledges, then show direction Throw-in (ref diagonal) vertical in proper hand (if necessary to let ref know); direction shown by hand Goal kick horizontal to goal area; if out and right back in, vertical, then signal Corner kick (your side of field) 45 degree down to corner; but vertical first, if necessary as with goal kick Corner kick (ref side) signal only if ref looks to you for help; same as above Offside up, then appropriate third after ref stops play Goal look at ref and run short distance up touchline, keep flag down Goal where ball goes in and right back out flag vertical, when ref stops play, then run up touchline; keep flag down Ball in goal, but there is a problem o o If scorer was offside, hold offside signal If someone else was offside or if a foul was committed, stand at attention, wait for developments Foul seen by ref Your job is to help locate spot either in or out of penalty area; respond to eye contact from ref asking for help; if outside, no signal; if inside, flag straight down in front Foul not seen by ref, but seen by lead AR raise flag vertically and wave; if ref stops play, signal direction like a throw-in; if penalty kick is in order, then move directly to corner and stand in front of flag Foul not seen by ref, seen by trail AR mirror signal Always mirror other AR s signal if ref doesn t see it What if ref misses flag? If throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, goal, i.e.. the ball leaves the field, then hold signal until ref acknowledges If offside, hold signal until defense gains clear possession or goal kick or throw-in for defense
Program: Instructor Page: 11 of 23 DIAGONAL SYSTEM of CONTROL
Program: Instructor Page: 12 of 23 BALL BETWEEN PRINCIPLE
Program: Instructor Page: 13 of 23 AREA of COVERAGE
Program: Instructor Page: 14 of 23 3 LINES of RESPONSIBILITY GOAL LINE TOUCH LINE OFFSIDE LINE
Program: Instructor Page: 15 of 23 POSITIONING: SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
Program: Instructor Page: 16 of 23 POSITIONING: BALL BEHIND SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
Program: Instructor Page: 17 of 23 POSITIONING: SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER OVER HALFWAY LINE
Program: Instructor Page: 18 of 23 POSITIONING: KICK-OFF
Program: Instructor Page: 19 of 23 POSITIONING: THROW-IN SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
Program: Instructor Page: 20 of 23 POSITIONING: CORNER KICK
Program: Instructor Page: 21 of 23 POSITIONING: GOAL KICK
Program: Instructor Page: 22 of 23 POSITIONING: PENALTY KICK
Program: Instructor Page: 23 of 23 POSITIONING: FREE KICK NEAR GOAL
Handouts
How to Be a Great Assistant 3 LINES of RESPONSIBILITY GOAL LINE TOUCH LINE OFFSIDE LINE
How to Be a Great Assistant DIAGONAL SYSTEM of CONTROL
How to Be a Great Assistant BALL BETWEEN PRINCIPLE
How to Be a Great Assistant AREA of COVERAGE
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: BALL BEHIND SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER OVER HALFWAY LINE
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: KICK-OFF
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: THROW-IN SECOND-TO-LAST DEFENDER
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: CORNER KICK
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: GOAL KICK
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: PENALTY KICK
How to Be a Great Assistant POSITIONING: FREE KICK NEAR GOAL
ASSISTANT REFEREE MECHANICS AND SIGNALING Positioning While ball is in play you are on the offside line in one of three locations: 1. Second-to-last-defender (STLD) 2. Following ball behind STLD all the way to goal line 3. Halfway line if the STLD is in the other half of the field Positioning On Restarts Kick off STLD Throw-in Offside line Corner kick Looking down goal line regardless of side from which the kick is being taken. Goal kick Start at 6 yard line to make sure ball is in goal area, then move either to 18 yard line (to check for ball in play or encroachment by the opponents) or to STLD if the goalkeeper is going to kick long. Penalty kick Move to intersection of goal line and penalty area. Free kick near goal Stay with offside line unless instructed or directed by referee to move to goal line. Signaling Flag always in hand toward field as you move up and down touch line. When signaling, stop and face the field; flag always in appropriate hand; never arm across body. Throw-in (AR quadrant) 45 degree in direction of throw; if it goes over touch line then quickly back in, hold flag vertical until ref acknowledges, then show direction Throw-in (ref diagonal) vertical in proper hand (if necessary to let ref know); direction shown by hand Goal kick horizontal to goal area; if out and right back in, vertical, then signal Corner kick (your side of field) 45 degree down to corner; but vertical first, if necessary as with goal kick Corner kick (ref side) signal only if ref looks to you for help; same as above Offside up, then appropriate third after ref stops play Goal look at ref and run short distance up touchline, keep flag down Goal where ball goes in and right back out flag vertical, when ref stops play, then run up touchline; keep flag down Ball in goal, but there is a problem o If scorer was offside, hold offside signal o If someone else was offside or if a foul was committed, stand at attention, wait for developments Foul seen by ref Your job is to help locate spot either in or out of penalty area; respond to eye contact from ref asking for help; if outside, no signal; if inside, flag straight down in front Foul not seen by ref, but seen by lead AR raise flag vertically and wave; if ref stops play, signal direction like a throw-in; if penalty kick is in order, then move directly to corner and stand in front of flag Foul not seen by ref, seen by trail AR mirror signal Always mirror other AR s signal if ref doesn t see it What if ref misses flag? If throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, goal, i.e.. the ball leaves the field, then hold signal until ref acknowledges If offside, hold signal until defense gains clear possession or goal kick or throw-in for defense