What did the World Student Games do for Sheffield? The 1991 Games as the catalyst for the regeneration of Sheffield Peter Taylor Emeritus Professor Sheffield Hallam University England
Why host a major games? Demonstrate capability Public relations - image enhancement Urban regeneration Infrastructure development sport development tourism development Legacy: facilities, participation, volunteering Have a party!
Why did Sheffield host the World Student Games in 1991? Industrial decline - NB the collapse of the steel industry in Sheffield Start the regeneration of the East End of the city Diversification - from manufacturing to services Image change - from 'The Full Monty' to a more contemporary, positive image Sport as a means to an end
Sheffield and the World Student Games Hosting the World Student Games was an opportunistic political initiative, NB a FISU committee member was based in Sheffield a charismatic local politician was enthusiastic about sport and leisure other local politicians in the governing party shared the vision and showed strong leadership in progressing it. No other industrial regeneration alternative was seriously considered at the time, although two other major initiatives were being progressed independently of the Games: Supertram Meadowhall retail centre
A question for you - Why is Taipei hosting the World Student Games in 2017?
Funding for the 1991 Games When the Games were awarded to Sheffield in 1987: no central government funding had been secured the capital and revenue budgets for the Games were very early estimates Funding and building the sports facilities were the biggest risks of hosting the Games
Capital funding for the 1991 Games The major capital cost and infrastructure development in the 1991 Games was for sport and leisure There were no significant transport infrastructure costs these were mainly part of the Supertram and Meadowhall projects Accommodation costs (Hyde Park flats) were relatively minor
Capital funding for the 1991 Games facilities Subsequently: Little central government funding was given 4 million contribution for the Lyceum Theatre refurbishment 4.75 million contribution for the Arena Local government funding could not be provided by normal government borrowing rules it had to be 'off the City Council's balance sheet'
Capital funding for the 1991 Games facilities Therefore a loan from three banks was secured for a Charitable Trust set up for the Games 140.4 million loan to build the sports facilities the City Council were guarantors for the loans and are therefore paying the loans back debts have been re-scheduled four times, increasing the total debt to 658 million debt payments of 25 million a year until 2024 There was no viable alternative funding arrangement The capital financing was approved in January 1989 after 18 months of spending on the facilities' design!
Operating funding for the 1991 Games The operating cost of the actual Games was 24.1 million They made an operating loss of 10 million, mainly through a shortfall in income ticketing, sponsorship and TV revenues were all short of targets set The operating loss was separately funded by the City Council
Another question for you - What is the greatest risk for Taipei in hosting the World Student Games in 2017?
Negative media coverage, which ignores the long-term benefits of hosting the Games Sheffield counts cost of staging student games (Independent 30/9/1992) Sheffield's World Student Games 658m debt 'disaster' (BBC, 14/7/2011)
Economic impact Economic impact study conducted in 1990, before the Games, concluded: 1,395 construction job-years for local workers over a 3 year period 6,000 competitors and officials 250,000 spectator visits 1,179 temporary workers for the Games 6,000 volunteers The cost per construction/games paid job created was lower than other construction oriented projects in the UK at the time In addition: 258 full-time equivalent jobs in new facilities 924 indirect jobs from tourism
Economic Impact No economic impact study during or after the Games But long term benefits are clear...
Infrastructure for the Games: Ponds Forge International Sports Centre
Hillsborough Leisure Centre
Don Valley Stadium
Sheffield Indoor Arena
plus the Lyceum Theatre
One year's operation of Sheffield's sport and leisure facilities (2012) Over 1000 employees 24 million annual turnover 4.5 million Visits:- 1 million visits to Entertainment Venues (NB Arena, City Hall) 150,000 bed nights in city accommodation over 2000 events critical to the local economy
Other coincidental investments which affected regeneration Meadowhall shopping centre, 1990+ Supertram, 1995+
And also Sheffield was the first designated 'City of Sport' in the UK - 1995 and more sports facilities...
English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, 2003+
Ice Sheffield, 2003+
Impacts City image Attracting major sports events Event visitors and economic impact Repeat visitors Facilities for residents Attracting business development?
Coincidence or a wider impact? Sheffield, World Student Games, 1991 Manchester, Commonwealth Games, 2002 London, Olympic Games, 2012
The impact of the 2012 London Olympic Games on Sheffield 45 International training camps 2008-2012 In July and August 2012, in four facilities, Sheffield hosted: 250 athletes and officials in 9 different sports from 11 different countries generating nearly 3000 bed nights 51 Team GB athletes and 50 Paralympics GB athletes were from, or trained in Sheffield 18 of these won 15 medals between them
The impact of the 2012 London Olympic Games on Sheffield Over 30 million of additional economic benefit to Sheffield due to London hosting the 2012 Olympics 6 million worth of Advertising Value Equivalent was generated by sport and London 2012 related activity for Sheffield City Council, Sheffield International Venues and Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield is one of only 3 National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine sites in England
A third question for you - What will be the greatest impacts from Taipei hosting the World Student Games in 2017?
However, in the UK recently... financial crisis, 2008+ central government cuts to local councils' budgets In Sheffield, closure of Don Valley Stadium in 2014
Don Valley Stadium - now demolished
But a new Olympic legacy park in place of the old stadium Including: community stadium, new school, a hotel, and a wellbeing research centre
Why host a major games? Demonstrate capability major events unit 45-50 major events hosted every year Public relations - positive city image Urban regeneration Infrastructure, NB East End of Sheffield sport development tourism through sport events - economic impact Legacy: facilities, participation, volunteering And we did have a great party!
And the wider Sheffield Economy? According to Sheffield City Council: "Sheffield s economy has significantly transformed over the last twenty years with substantial improvements made across a range of economic indicators. Sheffield s recent transformation was built upon a period of above national average employment growth, with jobs in the city increasing by 22% between 1995 and 2008. This economic recovery was based on the strong performance of business services (16,000 new jobs) and there was also significant growth in retail, real estate and software consultancy services."
Thank you Any questions for me? peter.taylor@shu.ac.uk