Navigating Complex Text Lesson 1 Identifying Key Ideas Question Type Selected Response With Multiple Answers Question Strategy & Standard Identifying Key Ideas: R.2 Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. Resources to Differentiate Key Ideas Graphic Organizer, page 24 Text a, 840L, page 25 Practice a, page 27 Text b, 980L, page 28 Practice b, page 30 Text c, 1010L, page 31 Practice c, page 33 Test-Taking Strategy 1. Read the passage. 2. Read the questions. 3. Reread the passage, marking text related to the questions. 1ST READ Read the Text Introduce Provide context for the texts. Recently, many athletes have been in the news for doping, or using performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) like steroids. Raise your hand if you have read or heard about an athlete who doped or used steroids. Other athletes have been in the news for breaking the law. We ll read about controversies involving professional athletes. Read Have students read the directions for Text a, Text b, or Text c. Use RED Routine 2: Scaffolded Reading to read the text together. Analyze the Question Type Discuss Read Question 1 aloud and discuss the question type. This is a selected response question with multiple answers. That means that more than one answer choice is right. You must mark all of the right answers to get the question correct. How many answers will we circle in this question? Provide a sentence frame. We have to circle answers for this question. (two) How can you tell? Provide a sentence frame. I know I must choose two answers because (the directions state Mark the two that apply. ) Notice that the word two is underlined for emphasis. Point out that in some selected response items, students choose just one answer from a set of choices, while in others they must select more than one. 2ND READ Apply the Question Strategy In the second read, focus on Question 1 to deepen students understanding of the text. Explain that Question 1 asks students to identify key ideas. Key ideas describe what the text, or a part of the text, is mostly about. Identifying key ideas can help you remember what is important. Reread the question and answer choices. Model the Key Idea thinking strategy students might use to answer the question. Use the Graphic Organizer on page 24. Model Text a: Confessions of a Doper 1. Identify the Topic What is this text mostly about? (This text is mostly about a cyclist who regrets using steroids.) 2. Find the Key Idea What is the most important point about the topic? (The most important point is that Jonathan Vaughters regrets cheating and wants sports leaders to eliminate the use of performance-enhancing drugs.) 3. Find Text Evidence What evidence supports the key idea? (Vaughters writes, The choice to kiss your childhood dream goodbye or to live with a dishonest heart is horrid. He admits that he deeply regret[s] his decision to cheat. He also writes, Every sport at every level... should strictly enforce anti-doping rules to give young athletes a level playing field. ) 20 4 RDI Book 4: p. 20
Model Text b: Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? 1. Identify the Topic What is this text mostly about? (This text is mostly about whether baseball players suspected of doping should be inducted into the Hall of Fame.) 2. Find the Key Idea What is the most important point about the topic? (The most important point is that people disagree about whether Barry Bonds and other players who are accused of cheating should be allowed in the Hall of Fame.) 3. Find Text Evidence What evidence supports the key idea? (An argument for their induction is that During the 1990s and early 2000s, when Clemens, Sosa, and Bonds were at the heights of their careers, doping was not actively regulated by MLB. An argument for not letting them in is that PEDs give athletes an unfair advantage by making them stronger and faster and using them without a prescription not only is dangerous... it is also against the law. ) Model Text c: Does Michael Vick Deserve His Comeback? 1. Identify the Topic What is this text mostly about? (This text is mostly about whether Michael Vick, a star quarterback who was convicted of animal cruelty crimes, deserves the second chance he was given in the NFL.) 2. Find the Key Idea What is the most important point about the topic? (The most important point is that people disagree about whether convicted criminal Michael Vick should be allowed to play professional football.) 3. Find Text Evidence What evidence supports the key idea? (An argument for preventing Vick from playing is that Vick didn t make just one impulsive mistake.... His dogfighting ring had been running for years. An argument for letting him reclaim the spotlight is that he paid the price for his crimes not only a jail sentence but also the loss of millions of dollars in endorsements, fees, and fines. ) Gradual Release Model 1st Read: Whole-Group Instruction 2nd Read: Whole-Group Instruction Questions 2 & 3: Small-Group Instruction, Pairs, or Independent Practice Analyze Responses Guide students through the answer choice for Question 1. Model your thinking as you read each response and analyze whether it can be supported with evidence from the text. Analyze Text a: Confessions of a Doper A. This choice matches what we identified as one of the key ideas. This text is about one athlete s choice to use drugs to get that last little bit that you need to become great, instead of relying on his own ability. x B. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. It isn t a key idea. Vaughters mentions swimming, but only to prove his point that competition is very intense and close among the best athletes. x C. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. This is an example of the strain and sacrifice of being a top athlete, but it is not a key idea. 21
Navigating Complex Text Lesson 1 Identifying Key Ideas Continued D. This choice describes a key idea from the text. This is a key idea because Vaughters regrets his choice and has great satisfaction that antidoping enforcement is much better now. Guide students to fill in the circles for A and D on their Practice Tests. Analyze Text b: Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? A. This choice matches what we identified as one of the key ideas. Look at the second paragraph on page 29. No new players were elected because many voters could not bring themselves to elect players suspected of doping. x B. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. The home run that set Bonds s career record is a detail that helps us understand that he was a great player. The key idea, however, is that a shadow was cast over Bonds s new record when people disagreed about whether or not he should be recognized in the Hall of Fame. x C. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. This is a detail from the text, but it does not relate to whether these players deserve a place in the Hall of Fame. D. This choice describes a key idea from the text. Reread the last paragraph. People debate whether or not players should be excluded from the Hall of Fame for behavior that the league and many fans treated as acceptable. Guide students to fill in the circles for A and D on their Practice Tests. Analyze Text c: Does Michael Vick Deserve His Comeback? x A. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. It introduces the idea that professional athletes are admired by millions, which relates to the debate over whether or not we should expect them to do the right thing at all times. x B. This choice does not describe what the text is mostly about. The description of what happened in Vick s dogfighting ring helps us understand the brutal nature of his crime. The key idea, however, is that some people believe that the crime should prevent Vick from playing professional football, while others believe he should be given a second chance. C. This choice matches what we identified as one of the key ideas. Some people believe that Vick should be given a second chance, while others argue that he should not. D. This choice addresses the key idea by asking a question directly related to it. The question asks why Vick should be allowed to play in the NFL when other companies do not hire convicted criminals. People disagree about the answer. Guide students to fill in the circles for C and D on their Practice Tests. 22
3RD READ Practice the Task Have students read the remaining questions. Have them reread the text and gather evidence to answer Questions 2 and 3. Remind students that they may want to refer to the Graphic Organizer on page 24. When students finish, encourage them to share their work with the group. Check Progress Refer to Item Analysis, pages 188 190. 23
Name READ 180 Practice Test Assessment Strategy Lesson 1 Graphic Organizer Question Strategy: Identifying Key Ideas When there is a lot of information in a text, identifying key ideas can help you remember what is important. Key ideas describe what the text, or a part of the text, is mostly about. Use the graphic organizer to help identify key ideas: What is this text mostly about? Identify the Topic Find the Key Idea What is the most important point about the topic? Find Text Evidence What evidence supports the key idea? 24 Use with pages 20 23. 4 RDI Book 4: p. 24
Name READ 180 Practice Test Assessment Text Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? by Rachel Bertsche from Scholastic Scope magazine, May 6, 2013. Copyright 2013 by Scholastic Inc. All rights reserved. Lesson 1: Text b Directions: Read the following text. Then answer questions 1 through 3. Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? This legendary baseball player tested positive for steroids. Does that mean his achievements don t count? by Rachel Bertsche It was the bottom of the fifth inning on August 7, 2007, and San Francisco Giants star Barry Bonds was about to make baseball history. He stood at bat, his eyes fixed on the pitcher for the opposing team. The pitcher launched a fastball. Bonds swung. Crack! The ball soared into the bleachers. Bonds had just hit the 756th home run of his career, a new record. The crowd roared as Bonds cruised around the bases. Fireworks burst in the sky above the stadium. It was a perfect moment. Except for one thing: he cheated. The Dangers of Doping A shadow was cast over Bonds s new record, despite the feeling in the stands that day. Bonds had been accused of doping, that is, using performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). These drugs give athletes an unfair advantage by making them stronger and faster. Some PEDs, such as steroids, have legitimate medical uses, but using them without a prescription not only is dangerous (they can have severe or fatal side effects), it is also against the law. On top of that, Major League Baseball (MLB) has rules banning PEDs, as do many other sports organizations. 28 Use with pages 20 23. (Continued on next page) 4 RDI Book 4: p. 28
Name READ 180 Practice Test Assessment Text But Bonds is not the only player to be involved in a doping scandal. Others have doped or been accused of doping too, including big stars like Roger Clemens and Sammy Sosa. Now, fans are asking whether these players deserve a place in the Hall of Fame. Highest Honor The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, located in Cooperstown, New York, recognizes baseball s greatest players; to be inducted is the sport s highest honor. In 2013, Clemens, Sosa, and Bonds were all on the ballot for the first time. Yet when the results were announced, not one of them had been chosen. In fact, no new players had been chosen. It turns out, many voters could not bring themselves to elect players suspected of doping. But is that fair? During the 1990s and early 2000s, when Clemens, Sosa, and Bonds were at the heights of their careers, doping was not actively regulated by MLB. In fact, MLB didn t test or punish players for doping until 2003. As players got bigger and bigger, no one said, I wonder why this is going on? says Boston Globe sportswriter Peter Abraham. They just said, Wow, they re hitting 50 home runs! As Abraham sees it, players should not be excluded from the Hall of Fame for behavior that the league and many fans treated as acceptable. Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? by Rachel Bertsche from Scholastic Scope magazine, May 6, 2013. Copyright 2013 by Scholastic Inc. All rights reserved. 4 RDI Book 4: p. 29 Use with pages 20 23. 29
Name READ 180 Practice Test Assessment Lesson 1: Text b Identifying Key Ideas Directions: Use Should Barry Bonds Be in the Hall of Fame? to answer the questions. 1. Which statements are key ideas from the article about Barry Bonds? Mark the two that apply. A) No players were chosen for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013. B) Barry Bonds hit a home run on August 7, 2007. C) Some performance enhancing drugs have medical uses. D) People disagree about whether baseball players accused of using performance-enhancing drugs should join the Hall of Fame. 2. Which piece of evidence from the text best reflects the idea that some people believe players like Barry Bonds should be admitted to the Hall of Fame? A) Major League Baseball (MLB) has rules banning PEDs. B) players should not be excluded from the Hall of Fame for behavior that the league and many fans treated as acceptable C) to be inducted is the sport s highest honor D) Others have doped or been accused of doping too, including big stars like Roger Clemens and Sammy Sosa. 3. What does sportswriter Peter Abraham mean when he says, As players got bigger and bigger, no one said, I wonder why this is going on? A) The league and fans should have questioned why players set more records. B) The league, fans, and players noticed players getting larger. C) Sportswriters let athletes get away with doping. D) Players who used steroids should not be admitted to the Hall of Fame. 30 Use with pages 28 29. 4 RDI Book 4: p. 30
Lesson 1: Text b Graphic Organizer Identify the Topic What is this text mostly about? This text is mostly about whether baseball players suspected of doping should be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Find the Key Idea What is the most important point about the topic? The most important point about the topic is that people disagree about whether Barry Bonds and other players who are accused of cheating should be allowed in the Hall of Fame. Find Text Evidence What evidence supports the key idea? Some evidence that supports the key idea: During the 1990s and early 2000s, when Clemens, Sosa, and Bonds were at the heights of their careers, doping was not actively regulated by MLB. These drugs give athletes an unfair advantage by making them stronger and faster. Some PEDs, such as steroids, have legitimate medical uses, but using them without a prescription not only is dangerous (they can have severe or fatal side effects), it is also against the law. Lesson 1: Text b Practice: Identifying Key Ideas 1. A and D: Selected Response With Multiple Answers Because the article s objective is to discuss doping allegations in Major League Baseball and the effects of these allegations on accused athletes, Choices A and D are correct. The fact that no players were chosen for the Hall of Fame is a key idea because many voters could not bring themselves to elect players suspected of doping. The fact that people disagree about the issue is supported by the author s asking is that fair? of players exclusion from the Hall of Fame. Choices B and C are incorrect; although these statements appear in the article, they do not reflect the key ideas of the article. Bonds s record-setting home run is used to hook the reader, and the legitimate medical uses of PEDs is mentioned in the context of athletes who use them without prescriptions. 2. B: Selected Response Choice B is correct because it supports the idea that players like Bonds should be admitted to the Hall of Fame. Choice A is incorrect because although it is accurate it does not support the statement. Although Choice C supports part of the statement, it does not address players like Bonds who have been accused of doping, and therefore is incorrect. Choice D is incorrect because it does not address admission to the Hall of Fame. 3. A: Selected Response Because Abraham is describing how people ignored the changing physique of athletes, Choice A is correct. Abraham points out that people reacted positively, saying Wow, they re hitting 50 home runs! Although Choice B does mention athletes changing bodies, it does not address how people ignored the causes and is therefore incorrect. Choices C and D are incorrect because the author never makes these statements in the article. 189