What do these athletes have in common?

What do these athletes have in common?

Drugs in Sport Why do athletes cheat?

1988 Olympics 100m Final Why is this photo so iconic?

1988 Olympics 100m Final First time ever 4 of the 8 finalists run under 10 secs Ben Johnson won the race in 9.79 secs and 55 hours later tested positive for drugs Subsequently 5 of the other 7 finalists went on to test positive or be involved in the use or supply of performance enhancing drugs, including Britain s Linford Christie

Lesson Objectives Identify the different types of drugs that athletes may take. Describe the effects of these drugs Link these drugs to specific sports where these athletes may gain an advantage over their opponents.

Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED s) There are many different types of drugs in society. We will be focusing on Performance Enhancing Drugs or PED s. Taking PED s gives athletes an advantage over their opponents. These drugs are banned but athlete s still continue to use them. Can you think why athletes may still take drugs when the could be banned from their sports?

Sporting Cheats All these athletes have been caught taking PED s. Marion Jones was an all-star American athlete who took PED s throughout her career. She was an Olympic gold medallist who always denied cheating. When she was eventually caught, she spent time in prison for deceiving American authorities. CJ Hunter the husband of Marion Jones. American Olympic shot putter found guilty of taking PED s. Lance Armstrong winner of the Tour de France multiple times and cancer survivor. Denied taking PED s throughout his career. Eventually was caught and stripped of his titles as well as having to return all the money he won during his career and sponsorship titles. Can you think of any other athletes that have taken PED s to improve their performance?

Anabolic Steroids Stimulate muscle growth as a result of training. Positive effects: - Recovery time is faster - Increased muscle mass - Increase in power and strength Negative side effects: - Increased risk of liver cancer, organ damage and damage to the tendons - Hair loss and acne - Increase in aggressive behaviour and depression - Facial hair, enlarged breasts, infertility, deepening of the voice in women. Can you think of any other sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Stimulants Speed up reaction time. Positive effects: - Increase in alertness and concentration - Increase in energy Negative side effects: - Increase in aggression - Increase heart rate and blood pressure - Addictive Can you think of any other sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Beta Blockers Block adrenaline and reduce heart rate reduces anxiety and nerves. Positive effects: - Reduction in anxiety, calmness - Can steady limbs Negative side effects: - Lowering heart rate can lead to heart failure. Can you think of any other sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Diuretics Increase the volume of urine removed from the body. Positive effects: - Increase weight loss for sports where there are weight categories. - Makes it difficult to trace other banned substances because they are passed out of the body. Negative side effects: - Dehydration - Kidney failure - Heart failure - Muscle cramps - Headaches - Dizziness Can you think of any other sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Narcotic Analgesics Positive effects: Relieve pain. - Allows a performer to compete when they are injured Negative side effects: - Causes balance issues, lack of concentration and coordination - Can lead to further injury if the performer trains on an injury - Addictive Can you think of any sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Peptide Hormones (EPO) EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells that are important in endurance events. Positive effects: - Increased aerobic capacity allowing the performer to exercise for longer Negative side effects: - Blood thickens increasing the risk of heart attack and strokes. Can you think of any other sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Growth Hormone (HGH) Stimulates the growth of muscle, bone and cartilage. Positive effects: - Increased muscle mass and strength - Increased metabolic rate meaning more fat can be burned - Speeds up muscle recovery - Reduces fatigue and the effects of injury Negative side effects: - Muscle and joint pain - Increased fluid retention causing swelling Can you think of any sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

Blood Doping Injecting red blood cells into the body. Positive effects: - More oxygen transported to the muscles - Increased aerobic capacity Negative side effects: - Kidney failure - Risk of infection e.g. HIV, hepatitis - Increase risk of blood clots - Increased risk of allergic reaction Can you think of any sports performers who may take this drug to enhance their performance?

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