Chapter 20 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. As the wavelength increases, the frequency a. decreases. c. remains the same. b. increases. d. increases, then decreases. 2. Which wave interaction explains why sound waves can be heard around corners? a. reflection c. diffraction b. refraction d. interference 3. Refraction occurs when a wave enters a new medium at an angle because a. the frequency changes. c. the wave speed changes. b. the amplitude changes. d. None of the above 4. The speed of a wave with a frequency of 2 Hz (2/s), an amplitude of 3 m, and a wavelength of 10 m is a. 0.2 m/s. c. 12 m/s. b. 5 m/s. d. 20 m/s. 5. Waves transfer a. matter. c. particles. b. energy. d. water. 6. A wave that is a combination of longitudinal and transverse waves is a a. sound wave. c. rope wave. b. light wave. d. surface wave. 7. The wave property that is related to the height of a wave is the a. wavelength. c. frequency. b. amplitude. d. wave speed. 8. During constructive interference, a. the amplitude increases. c. the wave speed increases. b. the frequency decreases. d. All of the above 9. Waves that do NOT require a medium are a. longitudinal waves. c. surface waves. b. electromagnetic waves. d. mechanical waves. 10. A standing wave results from a. diffraction. c. interference. b. refraction. d. a change in medium. 11. The loudness of a sound is a measure of wave a. amplitude. c. frequency. b. length. d. speed. 12. A light wave will if it enters a new medium perpendicular to the surface. a. refract c. diffract b. not refract d. Both (a) and (c) 13. An earthquake is an example of how waves can carry a. matter. c. energy. b. objects. d. All of the above 14. Light waves travel fastest through a. air. c. a vacuum. b. glass. d. water.
15. A(n) is an example of a mechanical wave. a. ocean wave c. light wave b. radio wave d. X ray 16. Any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space is a a. wave. c. ray. b. medium. d. compression. 17. Waves carry energy, but NOT a. sound. c. matter. b. light. d. electric charges. 18. A section of a longitudinal wave where the particles are crowded together is called a a. rarefaction. c. vibration. b. compression. d. surface wave. 19. A substance through which a wave can travel is called a. a vacuum. c. a medium. b. space. d. an electromagnetic wave. 20. One complete back-and-forth motion of an object is called a. a vibration. c. a wave. b. a medium. d. a wavelength. 21. waves do NOT require a medium through which to travel. a. Sound c. Ocean b. Light d. Mechanical 22. Which of the following waves does NOT require a medium through which to travel? a. microwaves c. radio waves b. X rays d. all of the above 23. When a particle vibrates, it transfers a. mass to a particle next to it, causing it to become heavier. b. electrons to a particle next to it, causing it to become an ion. c. energy to a particle next to it, causing it to vibrate. d. nothing to neighboring particles. 24. Waves that require a medium through which to travel are called a. electromagnetic waves. c. light waves. b. mechanical waves. d. None of the above. 25. To reach a coral reef 10 m below water, light waves from the sun must travel through a. empty space. c. ocean water. b. Earth's atmosphere. d. All of the above 26. Which of the following is NOT an example of a medium? a. air c. glass b. water d. empty space 27. Electromagnetic waves travel fastest through a. empty space. c. glass. b. water. d. air. 28. The highest point of a transverse wave is called the a. trough. c. compression. b. crest. d. None of the above 29. Waves in which the particles vibrate at right angles to the direction that the wave is traveling are called a. transverse waves. c. electromagnetic waves. b. longitudinal waves. d. mechanical waves. 30. Waves in which the particles vibrate back and forth along the path that the wave travels are called
a. electromagnetic waves. c. transverse waves. b. longitudinal waves. d. mechanical waves. 31. A wave on a rope is an example of a(n) a. electromagnetic wave. c. transverse wave. b. microwave. d. longitudinal wave. 32. Pushing a spring back and forth creates a(n) a. electromagnetic wave. c. transverse wave. b. microwave. d. longitudinal wave. 33. A is a section of a wave where the particles are less crowded than normal. a. compression c. vibration b. rarefaction d. period 34. Compressions and rarefactions are sections of a. TV waves. c. transverse waves. b. radio waves. d. longitudinal waves. Below is an illustration of the behavior of air particles near a vibrating drumhead. Examine the illustration and answer the questions that follow. 35. Region D illustrates a of air particles. a. compression c. refraction b. rarefaction d. diffraction 36. Region C illustrates a of air particles. a. compression c. refraction b. rarefaction d. diffraction 37. This wave is an example of a(n) a. electromagnetic wave. c. longitudinal wave. b. surface wave. d. transverse wave. 38. illustrate(s) a wavelength. a. Region A c. Regions C and D b. Region B d. Regions A and B 39. If the illustration represents 0.1 second, what is the frequency of this wave? a. 10 Hz c. 30 Hz b. 20 Hz d. 40 Hz 40. When waves occur at or near the boundary between two media, a surface wave can be formed by the combination of a. an electromagnetic wave and a transverse wave. b. a longitudinal wave and an electromagnetic wave. c. a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. d. None of the above Below are illustrations of waves. Study the illustrations and answer the questions that follow.
41. Which wave has the largest amplitude? b. B d. They all have the same amplitude. 42. Which wave has the LEAST energy? b. B d. They all have the same energy. 43. If each illustration represents 1 s, which wave has the highest frequency? b. B d. They all have the same frequency. 44. Which wave has the longest wavelength? b. B d. They all have the same wavelength. 45. As the frequency of a wave increases, the increases. a. amplitude c. energy b. period d. wavelength Below are illustrations of waves. Each illustraion represents 1 s. Study the illustrations and answer the questions that follow.
46. Which wave has the highest energy? b. B d. D 47. Which wave has the lowest frequency? b. B d. D 48. Which wave has the longest wavelength? b. B d. D 49. Which wave has a frequency of 6 Hz? b. B d. D 50. Which wave has the largest amplitude? a. B c. D b. C d. They all have the same amplitude. 51. Which of the following is the correct equation relating wavelength, frequency, and wave speed? a. c. b. d. 52. All waves have a. amplitude. c. frequency. b. energy. d. All of the above 53. The maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest position is called the a. wave speed. c. frequency.
b. amplitude. d. wavelength. 54. The distance between any two adjacent crests or compressions in a series of waves is called a. wave speed. c. frequency. b. amplitude. d. a wavelength. 55. The number of waves produced in a given amount of time is called the of a wave. a. speed c. frequency b. amplitude d. a wavelength 56. If two wavelengths pass a given point each second, and the distance between wave crests is 3 m, what is the wave speed? a. 2 m/s c. 6 m/s b. 3 m/s d. 12 m/s 57. The distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time is called a. wave speed. c. frequency. b. amplitude. d. wavelength. 58. The lowest pitch that the average human can hear has a frequency of 20 Hz. If sound with this frequency has a wave speed of 340 m/s, what is its wavelength? a. 0.06 m c. 340 m b. 17 m d. 6,800 m 59. A bottlenose dolphin can hear sounds with frequencies up to 150,000 Hz. If the speed of sound in sea water is approximately 1,500 m/s, what is the wavelength? a. 0.001 m c. 0.1 m b. 0.01 m d. 10 m 60. Waves in the ocean are 6 m apart and pass a surfer every 2 s. What is the wave speed? a. 0.33 m/s c. 6 m/s b. 3 m/s d. 12 m/s 61. Sonar is a device that uses reflected ultrasonic sound waves to measure underwater depths. If a sonar signal has a frequency of 100,000 Hz and a wavelength of 0.015 m, what is the speed of the sonar signal in water? a. 15 m/s c. 1,500 m/s b. 150 m/s d. 15,000 m/s 62. A buoy on a lake bobs up and down. The waves that cross the buoy have a wavelength of 3 m and a frequency of 3 Hz. What is the speed of the waves? a. 0.33 m/s c. 3 m/s b. 1 m/s d. 9 m/s 63. occurs when a wave bounces back after striking a barrier. a. Reflection c. Diffraction b. Refraction d. Interference 64. The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another is a. reflection. c. diffraction. b. refraction. d. interference. 65. The bending of a wave around a barrier or through an opening is known as a. interference. c. diffraction. b. refraction. d. reflection. 66. is the result of two or more waves overlapping. a. Reflection c. Diffraction b. Refraction d. Interference 67. The amount of diffraction a wave experiences depends on a. its wavelength. b. the size of the barrier the wave encounters.
c. the size of the opening the wave encounters. d. All of the above 68. The amount of diffraction is small if a barrier or opening is than the wavelength of an approaching wave. a. larger c. the same size as b. smaller d. Both (b) and (c) 69. results when the crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave. a. Refraction c. Constructive interference b. Diffraction d. Destructive interference 70. results when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs of another wave. a. Diffraction c. Constructive interference. b. Refraction d. Destructive interference. 71. A wave formed as a result of destructive interference has a. a smaller amplitude than the original waves. b. the same amplitude as the original waves. c. a larger amplitude than the original waves. d. triple the amplitude of the original waves. 72. A wave formed as a result of constructive interference has a. the same amplitude as the original waves. b. a smaller amplitude than the original waves. c. a larger amplitude than the original waves. d. no amplitude at all. 73. Standing waves form when a. total destructive interference occurs. c. waves travel in both directions. b. constructive interference occurs. d. All of the above 74. While a singer sings a long, high note, a drinking glass on a table next to her begins to vibrate. The vibration of the glass is a result of a. destructive interference. c. resonance. b. constructive interference. d. diffraction. 75. A ship anchored at sea is rocked by waves whose crests are 14 m apart. The waves travel at 7 m/s. How often do the wave crests reach the ship? a. every 0.5 s c. every 98 s b. every 2 s d. none of the above 76. What happens when the trough of one wave overlaps the crest of another wave if both waves have the same amplitude? a. total constructive interference c. refraction b. total destructive interference d. diffraction 77. When you place a pencil in a glass of water, the pencil appears bent because of a. diffraction. c. interference. b. refraction. d. resonance. 78. Bats emit sound waves having high frequencies and listen for the echoes as the waves bounce off of insects. In other words, bats use sound waves to locate the food they eat. a. reflected c. diffracted b. refracted d. resonated 79. Which of the following describes how you can see the moon at night? a. The sun's rays diffract around the moon. b. The sun's rays refract through the moon. c. The sun's rays reflect off the moon's surface. d. The sun's rays are absorbed by the moon's surface.
80. An ocean wave that moves into shallow water is as its speed changes. a. diffracted c. reflected b. refracted d. resonated Short Answer 81. Draw a transverse wave, and identify its amplitude and wavelength. 82. Rank the waves below from highest energy to lowest energy, and explain your reasoning. The table below shows the approximate speeds at which sound waves travel through different media. Study the table and answer the following questions. Approximate Speed of Sound Through Different Media Medium Speed (m/s) Air at 0 C 331 Air at 20 C 344 Brick 3,628 Steel 5,064 Water 1,480 83. Based on the data in the table, what general conclusion can you draw about the speed of sound in solids, liquids, and gases? Explain your answer. 84. According to the table, how does temperature affect the speed of sound through air?