1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 38 Recognizing and Identifying Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials (Haz Mat) are present in every city, county, and state in the US Haz Mat can be generically defined as any material that can be hazardous to or the environment if released. Each city and area has types of Haz Mat that is unique or different to that area There are thousands upon thousands of materials that have been identified as First Responders (1 of 2) First responders, at the awareness level, should have sufficient training or experience in the following areas: An understanding of what hazardous substances are and the associated with them An understanding of the potential of an incident The ability to the presence of hazardous substances First Responders (2 of 2) Areas of training or experience (cont d): The ability to identify the hazardous substances An of the role of the first responder awareness individual The ability to determine the need for additional and to notify the communication center Governmental Agencies Regulating Haz Mat 1
6 7 8 1 2 US Dept. of Transportation ( ) Environmental Protection Agency ( ) Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( ) Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( ) SARA Title III DANGER!!!!! ARE NOT TRAINED TO DEAL WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS! HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CAN AND WILL EMT S! Common Sights of Haz Mat Industries Transportation Railroads Aircraft Homes Containers of Haz Mat (1 of 3) or Cartons Cylinders Above ground storage tanks (fixed) Below ground storage tanks Truck pressurized - non-pressurized flatbed -hopper enclosed cargo trailers 2
g 9 10 11 12 13 Containers of Haz Mat (2 of 3) Railroad Cars: tankers non-pressurized hoppers flatbeds Containers of Haz Mat (3 of 3) International Classification System of Haz Mat (1 of 6) Class 1: Explosives 1.1--mass hazard 1.2--explosives with projection hazard 1.3--explosives with predominately a hazard 1.4--explosives with no significant blast hazard 1.5--very 1.6--extremely insensitive explosives International Classification System of Haz Mat (2 of 6) Class 2: Gases 2.1-- gases 2.2--nonflammable gases 2.3-- gases International Classification System of Haz Mat (3 of 6) Class 3: Flammable Liquids 3.1--flammable liquids with flash point below 3
degrees 3.2--flammable liquids with flash point between and degrees 3.3--flammable liquids with flash point between and degrees 14 15 16 17 International Classification System of Haz Mat (4 of 6) Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustibles, dangerous when wet materials 4.1--flammable - 4.2--spontaneously combustible materials 4.3--materials that are dangerous when - International Classification System of Haz Mat (5 of 6) Class 5: - and Organic Peroxides 5.1--Oxidizers 5.2--Organic peroxides Class 6: Poisonous and - Materials 6.1--Poisonous materials 6.2--Etiological (infectious) materials International Classification System of Haz Mat (6 of 6) Class 7: - Materials Class 8: - Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials Identifying Haz Mat Recognizing and identifying hazardous materials is the 4
MOST - step involving EMS There are numerous ways to recognize hazardous materials. However, there are many situations where Haz Mat are never identified until they become -. Never use sense of - to ID haz mat 18 19 20 21 22 Ways to Identify Haz Mat - Placards Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Bill of Lading or waybills - /operators/owners The - itself Labels May have - May have a product name May have - (NFPA 704) Many containers have a 4 digit ID number to identify the material Some containers id the name of the material does not mean that the listed material is in fact what is - Warning Labels Labels on Boxes NFPA 704 System Used only on fixed storage containers Red--flammability Blue-- risk 5
Yellow-- White--additional information Numbers of 0-4 The the number the greater the danger 23 24 25 26 Placards (1 of 5) Placards (2 of 5) shape signs that are visible from the rear and both sides Used on highway transportation vehicles May be intentionally May contain ID number as well is VERY IMPORTANT color can identify the class of the substance Placards (3 of 5) Orange-Indicates may have a single digit or letter number 1 indicates 1.1, 2 indicates 1.2, etc. Red-Indicates may say Flammable Gas if a gas may say Flammable, Combustible, or Fuel Oil for flammable liquids May have digit number to indicate specific substance Placards (4 of 5) Green-Indicates a non-flammable White with Skull and Crossbones-Indicates poisons Yellow-Indicates produces oxygen or enhances burning 6
White and Black-Indicates corrosive to metals and/or aluminum burns the skin acids and bases 27 Placards (5 of 5) Yellow with 3 blade propeller-indicates material White with red stripes-indicates flammable solids Dangerous Placards may indicate a quantity of haz mat that does not require another placard can indicate a load can be the most placard 28 29 30 31 Material Safety Data Sheets Must be present at all sights Contains information about: product or chemical first aid dangers/hazards special information reactivity contact numbers MSDS Sheet Bill of Lading/Waybills Should be present on all vehicles of Must contain: 7
shipper information of materials carried of materials carried May contain: information such as on a MSDS 32 33 34 35 36 Bill of Lading The Scene Unusual Smoke Vapor cloud Chemical leaks involved Unusual should not be actively sought. If you smell unusual odors, you are TOO CLOSE! Observe the Scene Types of Carriers (1 of 3) Pressurized Tanks Usually most Typically will have rounded ends No piping below tank Relief (pop-off) valve on top Primary danger is explosion Signs of impending container failure: pinging or sound open relief valve discoloration of container may have no sounds at all Pressurized Tanker 8
37 38 39 40 Types of Carriers (2 of 3) Non Pressurized Tanks ends beneath tank No pop-off Commonly carries flammable liquids and non-hazardous commodities Types of Carriers (3 of 3) Bulk Storage Tanks May be rounded, square, or other shape May contain materials fertilizer flammable solids grains May have bottom unloading ( ) if used in transportation May or may not contain Available Resources for Initial Actions Chemical Transportation Emergency Center ( ) US DOTs Emergency Response Guide Book ( ) Chemtrec (1 of 3) Managed and operated by the Chemical Manufacturers Association Non-profit organization operated 24 hours. 1-800-424-9300 Provides: on hazardous materials warnings 9
g guidance 41 42 43 44 Chemtrec (2 of 3) Will not provide: advise for controlling haz mat cleanup information reporting requirements any information unless product name or DOT number is known Information required before calling: of material (if known) DOT ID number (if known) Any already taken Chemtrec (3 of 3) Key Points to Remember About Chemtrec Try to use a phone on to avoid going through a 3rd party (dispatcher) the phone call if possible for future reference Incident should call DOT Emergency Response Guidebook (DOT) DOT ERG Excellent resource for management Required to be carried in all emergency vehicles fire EMS law enforcement Requires to use expeditiously 10
Book periodically 45 46 47 48 5 Sections of the ERG Pages-Instructions and general info Yellow Pages-Numerical guide (DOT 4 digit ID number) Pages-Alphabetical listing of materials by name Orange Pages-Emergency guides Pages-Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances Using the ERG (1 of 4) 1. material by one of the following: 4 digit ID number on placard or label 4 digit ID number (after UN/NA) on a shipping paper or package The of the material on a shipping paper, placard, or package Using the ERG (2 of 4) 2. Look up the material s 3 digit guide number The number index (yellow section) The of the material (blue section) For explosives: Use guide for all explosives except 1.4 (explosives C) where guide 114 is used Using the ERG (3 of 4) 3. Turn to the numbered and read carefully If the ID number and material name is 11
, look for the ID number and name in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green section). You may need to begin protective actions. 49 50 51 52 53 Using the ERG (4 of 4) If you cannot identify a name or number, but can see a placard, find a placard in the table of placards (white section) and go to the 3 digit guide number found next to the sample placard If you are unable to identify the name, ID number, or placard and you believe haz mat is involved, use Guide until more information is available. Responding to a Known or Suspected Haz Mat Incident Approach cautiously Approach from and/or uphill at a safe distance Try to identify risks Use binoculars to identify hazards Do Not approach incident if unsure. Wait for help Use Rule of Upwind Approach HazMat Scene Operations Only those in HazMat and wearing protective gear should enter the hot zone. As an EMT, your job is to remain in the designated treatment area. HazMat will bring to you. Zones of Operation (1 of 3) zone 12
Area immediately surrounding the release Most contaminated area All personnel must be when they leave the hot zone. zone Where personnel and equipment transition into and out of the hot zone Contains control points for access to the hot zone and the decontamination area 54 55 56 57 Zones of Operation (2 of 3) zone area where personnel do not need to wear any special protective clothing for safe operation Includes personnel staging, the command post, providers, and the area for medical monitoring, support, and/or treatment after decontamination Zones of Operation (3 of 3) Decontamination Area Designated area where are removed Anyone who leaves the hazard zone must pass through this area. Wait for the to be brought to you. Personal Protective Equipment Levels Level Fully encapsulated, chemicalresistant protective clothing Level Nonencapsulated protective 13
clothing with respiratory protection Level Nonpermeable clothing, eye protection, filtering face mask Level Work uniform; minimal protection 58 59 60 61 Four Levels of Protection Patient Care in Haz Mat Incidents (1 of 2) DO NOT BECOME A Move patient to safe area if special required, allow properly trained rescuers to bring pt to you Do not operate in danger zone unless totally safe ABCs High concentration patient with copious amounts of water Patient Care in Haz Mat Incidents (2 of 2) Remove, jewelry, and shoes from patient Treat injuries as required as soon as possible Advise of incident and material involved Key Points (1 of 3) A haz mat incident is your responsibility to control Do not enter any scene which is not safe Use Rule of Thumb Don t try to be a Be part of the solution, not a part of the problem Don t get vision 14
g 62 63 Key Points (2 of 3) Don t allow anyone to talk you into doing anything you are not to do wear an wear a haz mat suit use a fire Effects of haz mat exposure may not be immediately felt but can cause diseases, illnesses, birth defects, and death in the future Key Points (3 of 3) Hazardous Materials are something that you want to mess around with A dead cannot save lives 15