Qualitative Analysis of Jumping Standing Long Jump *Any time a person or object is launched into the air Ex- jumping, diving, gymnastics, throwing, or striking Goals: 1. Distance Ex: standing long jump, javelin, field events, baseball, golf drive Angle: 45 degrees most distance when compared to others at the same launch speed/ height/ location Not always right because it is rare to have all the same qualities Look more into the skill and not the angle Distance = Vhoriz x Time-in-air Bigger product = bigger distance Too big may lessen distance- want optimal 2. Speed (time in air) Vertical velocity at take off Starting height Small time in air- vertical velocity low (field hockey shot) Long time in air- Vvel high (gold, football kick, acrobatic- more time in are for flips) 3. Accuracy Distance forward/ sideways Exact right speed and right angle and right projection height Control distance, sideways motion 4. Height Vertical velocity at toe off Starting height Note: Once in the air, direction cannot be changed. Can move body position but will move around center of mass If do move body one way, another body part will move in opposite direction to balance around COM Therefore, observe what is happening before being in air to prepare for this Standing Long Jump 1. Critical Features Goal: Distance Rules: Measured in inches, toe starts behind line, measure to heel Want maximum toe off distance, projectile distance, and landing distance In order to see how to improve each, look at the phases individually
a. Take off Distance Get full hip, knee, ankle extension at toe off Arm swing- full forward Center of mass position high in body Momentum- pull body forward Height/ body proportions Angle of push- low angles at toe off b. Projectile Distance Consider Distance= Vhoriz x time-in-air Time-in-air= Vvertical and Starting Height Force against ground Countermovement Arm swing back Triple extension (hip, knee, ankle) Arm swing forward Angle? Want less than 45 degrees in order to push COM forward. Higher the angle, the more gravity will work against you Too low? Will affect time in air and friction Research shows approximately 30 degrees may be optimal angle Displacement force is applied through Push down on ground, ground pushes up Bigger distance your body moves through while pushing off the ground = more velocity Start lower (not too low) Go through full ROM
c. Landing Distance Rules: want to stick the landing Feet in front of COM (not enough v. too much) Balance purposes Arms forward or a jackknife type position 2. Observation a. Watch toe off and legs b. Overall jump c. Peak in air to see angles d. Analyze from the side e. Measure distance with tape measure in feet Observation Check Comments Countermovement Too Big Too Small Too Fast Too Slow Starting Position Start Low Too Low Not low enough Arm Swing Too Late Too Early Too Big Too Small Full ROM Hips Knees Ankles Timing of Segments Angle of Toe Off Height of Jump Landing Position Stuck Landing? Feet in Front Arms Forward Head Position Symmetry of Limbs Width of Legs
Emily Mainly hip movement Very good landing technique Could bend knees more Strength training at greater angles Right away can work on more extension of elbows at toe off Long term can develop more countermovement in hips and knees to go further and decrease angles to make more horizontal angle and distance Jess Ali Countermovement small Starting position small Bent more at waist than in knees Good arm swing Good landing Correction: lower countermovement, arms move back further during CM, drive the arms out further during jump Too forward torso Hips already extended before TO (2 separate motions) Arms are bent- straighten out more Corrections: sit down into squat Chest/ head up/ eyes forward Alyssa Arm swing through jump needs to be controlled At CM, good knee flexion, good crouched position Hips and knees could be more extended at TO Lauren Good arm swing and general movement At landing, feet too far forward so she lost her balance Went a little too far up (vertical) than horizontal Overall work on power Anne Need to be more symmetrical with feet at TO Arm swing during CM good but during flight needed to be controlled better
Pat First video: Lots of counter movement o Full ext of whole body o The angle he takes off at could be lower o Correction: arms and hip ext at toe off should be more fluid, quicker toe off for more power Second video: Gave too many cues to think about o Hips and knees less flexed o First video was smoother movement o Extended hips too fast so went more vertical than horizontal Tristan First video: o Low angle at toe off o Big forward lean of trunk and pushed forward along it with legs o Good armswing throughout (almost 360) Second video: o Tried for deeper squat o Came up further than first video at toe off Combining the two techniques may be best Concluding Remarks: Important factors Toe off speed and angle o More speed is better than worrying about angle Big countermovement (from all joints) Speed you push through movement Sequencing of joints (proximal distal) Arm swing- back with countermovement and drive forward with extension Symmetry and control of limbs Width of legs- bigger base of support for balance o Too big loses power generation, changes angle of force production and changes the muscles being recruited Head forward- eyes forward, head more parallel to ground (Analysis courtesy of Alyssa Van Patten)