COWBOY ACTION SHOOTING Range Operations Safety Course Level One. Instructor Handbook

Instructors Information Thank you for your dedication to SASS and the sport of Cowboy Action Shooting! This basic outline will help you in conducting a successful course. Basic Information: Conduct this course in a classroom type of setting, free from distractions. Provide ample seating for students, a desk/table or writing surface, and all course materials. In addition to this courses Student Handbook, provide copies of the SASS Shooters Handbook if possible and reference as needed throughout the course. Consider a microphone or PA system for larger classes. Have a sign in sheet for registration. Make sure the attendees sign in with their SASS number and Alias as registered with SASS. Collect the required fee for the course of $10 per student. $5 is sent to SASS with the completed sign in sheet, and your club keeps $5 to cover expenses. There are instructor notes (tips!) included (as needed) throughout the course. No unit or section of this course may be omitted for any reason. Course Tips: Engage the students with relevant stories and examples of scenarios as they relate to the course. Encourage students to participate in discussions and give their own examples as well (while maintaining control of the course) Avoid reading the course slides word for word. Use opportunities to elaborate off script with relevant information to keep the course lively and interactive. Whenever possible, use real life demonstrations, involving students, to demonstrate a process. Utilize visual aids and examples- implementing a combination of discussion, visual understanding, and the written text. The more participation by the class, the more effective the course will be. REMEMBER to have FUN! You re attitude sets the tone for the experience of the students taking the course. HAVE FUN! ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Compiled & Edited for the Single Action Shooting Society By The Range Operations Committee & the SASS Board of Directors The rules and disciplines outlined in this course will not impose any undue hardship or additional financial burden on any SASS affiliated club. This document may be copied by any SASS Affiliated Club for use in the SASS Range Operations training program. iii

CONTENTS Unit 1: Introduction & Course Goals.. 1-5 Unit 2: The SASS Shooters Handbook.... 6 Unit 3: Cowboy Action Shooting.... 7-8 Unit 4: The Role of the SASS Range Safety Officer...9-21 Unit 5: Ammunition & Firearms... 22-29 Unit 6: Range Safety Rules & Conventions. 30-44 Unit 7: Range Commands. 45-48 Unit 8: Match Positions & Roles... 49-63 Unit 9: Illegal Items & Holsters. 64-68 Unit 10: Penalty Assessments.. 69-76 Test and Review iv

Practical Exercise: Students should prepare a brief introduction of themselves. Include: Name, SASS Alias, SASS number Previous involvement in general shooting activities, involvement in Cowboy Action Shooting Goals/Plans for this training Instructor Notes: Instructor should prepare an introduction that includes the information above as well as RO Instructor experience. Instructor should guide the student introductions and provide positive feedback and a Welcome! to each student 1

Instructor Notes: The requirements for classroom conduct should be at the Instructors discretion. Instructor should reiterate to the class that their Student Handbooks for this course contain each of the slides that are presented in the Power Point Presentation for their use, to follow along, and to take notes. 2

Instructor: Present the Course Goal to students. 3

Students are expected to attend the entire course and to participate in discussions and activities designed to increase and reinforce learning. An examination score of 80% (24/30) or higher is required for certification. *A passing score (even a 100%) does not guarantee certification if a student displays a careless, negative attitude or a disregard for safety. Determination is up to the Course Instructor. Students who receive and successfully complete this training course will be awarded a SASS RO I Pin designating them as an RO I. Instructor: - Inform students if the RO I Pin(s) will be awarded at the conclusion of the course, or if they will receive their pin directly from SASS after the course report has been submitted to SASS HQ- based upon your preference. - The course exam should be administered as an open book test- inform students that they will be able to reference this course book, the shooters handbook, and their own notes to take the exam. *Being a good RO isn t always about knowing every answer- it s about knowing where to find the answer! 4

Instructor notes: The sport of Cowboy Action Shooting began in 1981 in Southern California and began to grow in popularity very quickly. The Single Action Shooting Society (SASS) was formed in 1987 as a membership organization and the governing body for the sport with the mission: To preserve and promote the sport of Cowboy Action Shooting promulgating the rules to ensure safety and consistency in Cowboy Action Shooting matches worldwide. The design and production of this course has evolved with the sport over many years- and is a direct result of SASS mission of safety and consistency. 5

All SASS Range Officers must know and understand the most current version of the SASS Shooters Handbook (SHB), be informed, and understand any recent changes. The SASS Cowboy Action Shooting Shooters Handbook contains crucial guidelines, rules, and information on: Alias & Costuming SASS Firearm Covenants Holsters & Belts Ammunition Shooting Categories Side Matches Long Range Competitions Scoring & Timing Safety Conventions Range Operations Instructor: Do not go through the entire SHB with the class. If copies of the Shooters Handbook have been provided, encourage students to identify the document and to familiarize themselves with all of its sections. You can highlight the sections with the class, and encourage their individual familiarization of the SHB. *Great RO s don t always know every answer- but they DO know where to find it! As an RO, you will be asked Rules questions by shooters. It s important to know where to find the answer in the SHB. Say to shooters, Let s look it up in the Handbook together! It is good practice for RO s to have a copy of the handbook in their gun cart during matches for reference. ----------------------------- Offer a BREAK before digging in to the Course Material------------------------- 6

Instructor: Gauge the level of understanding & experience of your students. Discuss and/or proceed as necessary. 7

*Review and discuss the above sample Cowboy Action Shooting Stage Scenario Instructor: Based upon student experience, discuss the sample stage provided as needed. 8

Two words are paramount in the Range Officers Motto: SAFELY ASSIST Instructor: Stress the words SAFELY ASSIST. The Range Officer s Motto will be examined in detail as the course moves forward. 9

Instructor: Read and Review each of the 10 commandments individually- allowing for pause as needed. Ask for any questions prior to proceeding with the course. 10

In most cases, Chief Range Officer (CRO) title/role is rarely used. Instead, the term Timer Operator (TO) is utilized most frequently. Accordingly, to avoid confusion, this course will further direct all references utilizing the term Timer Operator (TO) The TO, during any course of fire, becomes the Chief Range Officer (CRO) as long as he/she is operating the timer. The Chief Range Officer (CRO) is the lead RO in charge of the firing line during that time. Instructor: A CRO/TO is the same by definition in MOST cases. To avoid confusion, especially for students who have taken this course previously, explain to students that this course will reference the CRO as the TO from this point forward. Reiterate the TO is the CRO. 11

In the upcoming sections, we will review each of the 6 keys to assisting a shooter. Instructor: As mentioned previously, we will now examine those 2 very important words in the Range Officer s motto.. We with start with ASSIST. There are 6 key elements to providing a winning ASSIST (see slide- read list of each of the 6 key elements) - we will discuss each of these key elements one by one in the upcoming sections. 12

Instructor: The first key to a winning assist is Consistent information & communication. Review Slide information and provide examples as needed. Engage the class, encouraging students to present their own experiences with both inconsistent and consistent information & communication. 13

Additional Assessments of the Shooters condition include staying alert for any signs of the use of any substance that may affect his or her ability to participate with a maximum state of awareness and in a completely safe manner. Safety is ALWAYS the #1 priority. The consumption of alcoholic beverages is strictly prohibited for all persons, shooters, guests, range officers, and others in the area until all firearms have been stored and shooting is completed for the duration of the day. No shooter may ingest any substance that may affect their awareness- including both prescription and non-prescription drugs that may cause drowsiness or any other physical or mental impairment. Instructor: The 2 nd key to assisting the shooter is by doing an assessment of the shooter. Review slide information and the extra text provided in detail. 14

Instructor: Encourage/engage the class with examples of when a shooter may have forgotten shotgun shells (or even their pistols!). 15

Instructor: Discuss Anticipating. Unfamiliar with the shooter? Ask! More and more shooters choice stages may require the TO to ask the shooter for their plan. 16

Instructor: Attitude might be one of the most important elements of a great RO! Review & discuss the slides in detail. Instructor: Engage students to give examples of when coaching has helped them as shooters. 17

Instructor: Give examples of both proper coaching AND improper coaching for discussion. Reiterate: Proper coaching is not considered RO interference & will never be grounds for a reshoot. 18

Instructor: The 2 nd paramount word in the RO Motto is SAFELY. Without Incident. Discuss the 3 points above in detail with the class. Encourage & engage the class with your own experiences and ask them to share theirs. *Strong side of the shooter will be covered in detail later in the course when we get to the section on running the timer. 19

Instructor: Let s start with Restarts Engage class What is a Restart? Restarts shall be allowed for a competitor to achieve a clean start, up to the point at which the first round goes down range. Multiple restarts by the same shooter, that in the judgement of the TO, are seen to be taking advantage will not be entertained as they are not in the spirit of the game. Instructor: Give an example of a restart (ie: starting with the shotgun and fumbling with shells, etc.) *As long as the 1 st shot hasn t gone down range! 20

Instructor: Explain the difference between a restart and a reshoot. Provide examples and discuss. Engage the class in discussion. How many of you have had either a restart or a reshoot? ------------------------------------BREAK TIME--------------------------------- INSTRUCTOR: Unit 5 Intro: Ammunition Components & Common Firearm stoppages & Malfunctions Every shooter should understand basic ammunition and firearm functions. As a Range Officer, it is important that you have a thorough understanding of not only firearms, but also of the functions of basic ammunition to assist you in identifying and assisting the shooter with potential ammunition functions and malfunctions. Let s start by taking a look at Ammunition. 21

Instructor: present the 2 types of modern ammunition and the graphic that describes each. Review the process of BP Engage the class! *Ask if there are any BP shooters in the class and ask them to assist in describing the process! 22

Instructor: Review the basic components of Smokeless Ammunition have real examples if possible Instructor: Review the centerfire ammunition Firing Sequence step by step with the class. Allow for the class to add to the discussion and ask questions as needed. 23

Power Factors are calculated by multiplying the bullet weight times the velocity and then the resulting number is divided by 1000. Examples: 100 grain bullet travelling at 600fps has a power factor of 60 (100x600)/1000=60 77 grain bullet travelling at 800fps has a power factor of 61.6 (77x800)/1000=61.60 200 grain bullet travelling at 400fps has a power factor of 80 (200x400)/1000=80 Instructor: Review the SASS Standards Minimums and maximums for ammunition as described. 24

Instructor Present the text and information on all malfunctions; ask for questions along the way. 25

Instructor: There are 4 types of Ammunition malfunctions (list on slide). In the coming sections, we will discuss each of the 4 types. Instructor: Go through the next 4 slides that describe each of the 4 types of Ammunition Malfunctions in detail with the class. 26

Simple precautions can help lessen and/or eliminate high lead levels. After shooting, handling ammunition, or reloading- always wash your handsespecially prior to eating or smoking. Hand wipes will help at the range where water may be sparse, and there are specialized wipes and hand soaps designed to clean lead from the skin. *Timer Operator (TO) duties should be shared with other qualified shooters to limit the risk of over-exposure. -------------------------------BREAK TIME---------------------------------- 29

Instructor: Unit 6 is an in-depth description and listing of all SASS Range Safety Rules, from Firearms, Range conduct, Ammunition, and stage conventions. It is important that the utmost care is taken in presenting the following sections of information to the class, and to ensure their understanding of each section prior to proceeding. 30

A Range Officer electing to not penalize a match participant that has not complied with a safety rule has a detrimental effect to the sport as a whole and ultimately results in penalizing all other match participants that DID comply. 31

Instructor: As it says, these are the Magnificent Seven 7 Rules for Range Safety. These rules must be followed by all shooters, Range officers, directors, personnel, and anyone in the area at all times. 33

Instructor: Utilize visual demonstration(s) to illustrate the 170 rule. Engage the class if possible, asking for student volunteers if possible. There is significant reference to the 170 throughout the course and throughout all SASS matches. A clear understanding of this rule must be achieved. Provide examples/stories if possible- and encourage the addition of student s stories. Allow for any questions prior to proceeding. Instructor: In preparation of the coming sections: Different types of firearms (pistols, rifles, and shotguns), require individualized sets of rules to ensure their safe handling and use. The upcoming course sections are separated into each gun type. Let s start by discussing Revolvers 34

Instructor Demonstrate where appropriate. (Fanning/slip hammering, etc.) Instructor reiterate the 2 conditions listed on this slide for future recall (star!) 35

Instructor: reiterate the final point above re: the revolver may not be cocked until it is at a 45 degree angle downrange. (star!) Let s move on to discussing Rifles.. 36

Instructor: reiterate the 2 points in which a Rifle is considered safe for movement. 37

And now for the Shotguns.. Instructor: Now that we have reviewed firearm specifics, let s review the Safety Rules for ALL FIREARMS 38

Instructor: There are important Safety rules specific to Ammunition. Let s look at those Instructor: Reiterate the 2 nd point re: Dropped ammo (star!) 40

Instructor: An Uncontrolled Discharge is also known as an Accidental Discharge or an AD. These terms are interchangeable and should be interpreted as one in the same in terms of occurrence. Instructor: Next up, we will discuss Participant specific safety rules- in terms of a shooters performance and conduct. 41

Instructor: Explain/Demonstrate Shooting on the move and the basketball traveling rule. *Reiterate the Shooting on the move point. 42

Instructor: Present and discuss each stage convention above. ----------------------------------------BREAK TIME--------------------------------------- 43

Common Range Commands: Do you understand the course of fire? A customary initial query to the shooter by a Range Officer; either at the loading table or XP position prior to the stage. A negative response requires additional explanation of the course of fire. Answer any shooter s questions in a clear and consistent manner. Remember, never make a shooter feel as though he/she is being rushed. Is the Shooter Ready query OR Shooter Ready Depending on the established cadence and the initiation of the stage by the shooter, both of these commands are used in varying situations. This should be said just before the Standby command. Most of the time, a nod from the shooter indicates ready- when a starting line to indicate ready doesn t exist (and sometimes even if it does). Standby Should always be the last words spoken with a 1-3 second pause before the start of the timer signal (the beep). Muzzle up, please move to the Unloading Table Should be stated at the end of a shooting sequence/stage to guide the shooter. Often the competitor stops thinking. (Adrenaline!) Range Clear This command is given only after the shooter has completed their run, the revolvers are holstered, the long guns are picked up and pointed in a safe direction with the actions open, and the shooter is on the way to the unloading area. It is now safe to gather brass and prepare for the next shooter in line. 44

Down Range Is announced prior to anyone proceeding down range for any reasonincluding to reset or repair targets. When a Down Range command is announcedall participants at both the loading and unloading areas should cease firearm loading/unloading. Best practice is to raise hands in the air as a visual confirmation that no firearm is being handled while someone is downrange. Unload and Show Clear The command given by the unloading officer when a shooter comes to the unloading area/table. (Applies to all guns taken to the firing line) Gun Clear Is appropriate Unloading Officer response as each firearm is successfully inspected at the unloading table/area. Action Open The command given by the TO to the shooter at the conclusion of a stage when a competitor has discarded a long gun with the action closed. The TO must witness the shooter opening the action and showing the firearm as empty/clear. Muzzle! This command quickly and efficiently warns the shooter their muzzle is getting close to the 170 limit and should be pointed in a safe direction (back down range). Cease Fire! or STOP! The command called out by the TO or any witnessing Range Officer/Match Official at any time an unsafe condition develops. The shooter must stop shooting and stop moving immediately. *Willful failure to comply with a Cease Fire or Stop command given by, and while under the control of the TO will result in a Match Disqualification. Instructor: Review each command individually; engage the class whenever possible. Ask students to give examples of other acceptable western flavor range commands they may have heard at a SASS match for discussion. 45

Instructor: Review all individual roles and responsibilities in this section in detail. Use demonstrations for individual roles and team roles whenever possible. Group/student participation activity can be used when discussion roles that require an order of actions to be taken (ie: TO firing line order, XP Officer flow, etc.) Call the required number of students up to the front of the class and go through the flow together. 48

The TO operates the timer and so much more! The TO should be aware of the skill level of the competitors. Be attentive to new shooters, helping and coaching them through the course of fire, as needed. Always be ready to control the newer shooter. The TO also gives seasoned shooters a little more room since they tend to move fast. Don t let them run over you because you re crowding them. While the TO should do his/her best to not start a competitor in a faulted position or location, the ultimate responsibility of starting position lies with the shooter. A shooter who starts in a faulted position will be assessed a Procedural penalty. The TO watches the shooter and the shooters guns- for unsafe acts, correct target engagement, and stage procedures. The TO should count shots fired, if possible. The TO should stay within arm s length of the shooter at all times through the course of fire. Instructor: Stress the importance of the role of the TO and the duties he/she performs. Reiterate the point: starting position is the responsibility of the shooter. Demonstrate the final point of being within arm s length of the shooter through the course of fire. Discuss and demonstrate: - the strong side of a shooter - holding the timer - timer operation (recording the last shot!) 50

The Timer Operator is IN CHARGE of the Firing Line. The TO verifies at least 2 of the 3 spotters agree on misses, and can consider input from the spotters regarding procedurals and/or safety violations- as well as any personal observations during the stage. A TO does not have the authority to overrule the spotters in regard to misses, but can question spotters as to the location of misses. The TO is often in the best position to see the direction of the muzzle, which is helpful in determining edge hits. Final assessment regarding the assessment of penalties is made by the TO. 51

Instructor: Activity/participation- utilize student involvement to stage the flow of the firing line order. Have students act out the order from different positions. 52

The XPO s primary concern is the next shooter to be called to the firing line by the TO- known as the on-deck shooter. The XPO does not count misses, reset targets, score, run the timer, or pick brass. The XPO can assist in assigning target resetters and brass pickers as directed by the match. The XPO ensures the on-deck shooter understands the course of fire and proceeds promptly to the line to stage firearms and ammunition as efficiently as possible. When an XPO is in place during a match, a XP/On-deck location/position is added to the bay. This position is typically positioned between the loading area and the firing line. The on-deck position should consist of a low table to accommodate the long guns of the on-deck shooter. It is a good idea to have a copy of the shooting scenario at the on-deck position. The XPO transition cycle: 1. At the 1 st shot of the shooter on the line, the XPO calls the next shooter from the loading table to the on-deck position. 2. The XPO asks the on-deck shooter: 1) Do you understand the course of fire? 2) Do you have any questions? 3. The XPO can assess the shooter to ensure they have everything they need to complete the stage. 4. The XPO should not engage in unnecessary conversation with the shooter- allow for mental preparation. 5. Once the TO indicates the firing line is ready for the next shooter, the XPO directs the on-deck shooter to the firing line to stage firearms and make ready; transitioning charge of the shooter to the TO. *This cycle continues Instructor: Activity/participation- utilize student involvement to stage the flow of the firing line order. Have students act out the order from different positions. 53

Instructor: The Spotters Mantra slide requires several clicks on the Power Point presentation to populate. At each junction, engage the class to complete the cadence as you progress through the mantra. Reiterate: benefit of the doubt goes to the shooter! *Unit 10 will cover penalties 55

Instructor: Discuss the scorekeeper duties and review the sample common score sheets that follow on the next slide. 56

Instructor: Present the various CAS Scoring methods and discuss as needed. 57

The loading officer observes and enforces safe muzzle direction during the course of loading, as well as movement to and from the loading area. Discharging a round at the loading table results in a Match DQ penalty assessment. The loading table is a good place for the Loading Officer to observe the shooters equipment, especially firearms- inspecting for illegal modifications. Corrections should be made at the loading table, if possible. It is good practice for the Loading Officer to ask the shooter if he/she understands the stage. Explanations at the Loading area/table help to avoid these questions being addressed at the line by the TO and can help to prevent delays. A stage/scenario description posted on the loading table assists shooters in making a final review of the scenario prior to advancing to the firing line. The Loading Officer should avoid unnecessary conversation with the next shooter in line- allowing the shooter to mentally prepare for the course of fire. 58

Competitors shall unload each of their firearms in a manner that the Unloading Officer can visually check & confirm that each firearm is empty. Rifles and Shotguns are to be cycled to verify their magazines are empty. The Unloading Table Officer should observe the magazine follower if possible. All firearms taken to the firing line must be checked and shown clear - whether or not they were used in the course of fire. 59

Percussion Revolver Shooters: - Maintain safe muzzle direction during loading - Fire or clear all caps before leaving the unloading area - DO NOT seat percussion caps using the gun s hammer - Cap only at the loading area or on the firing line REMEMBER: The primary responsibility always rests with the competitor. Shooters should always know the condition of their firearms and should never depend upon the Loading and Unloading Officers to ensure their firearms are correctly loaded or unloaded. Loading and Unloading Officers are an added measure of safety. The competitor may never blame the Loading or Unloading Officer for an incorrectly loaded firearm or a firearm not unloaded. *At no time will this claim be grounds for a dismissal of penalties. * Failure to adhere to loading/unloading procedure, resulting in a Stage Disqualification penalty, is assessed at the following point: Once control of the firearm(s) is relinquished; be it in a rack on the stage or at the shooter s gun cart. (i.e. leaves the shooters hand(s), having bypassed the loading/unloading table. 60

The primary responsibility of a Berm Marshal is to ensure consistency between posses and to keep posses running on time. The Berm Marshal does not have the duty to watch every move of the shooter- but does have the duty to make sure each shooter completes the stage according to the directions and that all shooters- that every posse- shoots the scenario/stage the same way. The Berm Marshal: Constantly monitors the posse schedule to ensure the stage is running on time, and records the start and finish times of each posse Takes Ownership of their assigned stage Verifies arriving posses are in the right place at the right time Greets the incoming posse, reads the stage description and scenario to each posse, answering any questions about the stage and stating any clarifications consistently Distributes the appropriate stage supplies to each posse: spotting sticks, score sheets, etc. Ensures CONSISTENCY from posse to posse -----------------------------BREAK TIME------------------------- 61

Instructor: Stress the importance of referencing the Shooters Handbook for a full listing of all illegal items. 63

Instructor: Utilize real life leather examples and angles, if possible. Put leather on (yourself or on a student) and make adjustments to demonstrate legal and illegal holsters. 65

Instructor: If possible, still utilizing a real life holster from the previous discussion, demonstrate a safe and unsafe draw from a cross draw holster- demonstrate the Cross Draw Dance. If a shoulder holster is available, demonstrate as well. (Shoulder holsters are not common) 66

Instructor: There are 5 types of penalties- in the upcoming sections, we will discuss each of them individually. 67

Instructor: Explain what a MISS is, with examples. An action (or inaction) that is considered a MISS penalty isn t always just because the shooter Missed a target. It is difficult to understand calling a target that was actually hit as a miss- but, if the shooter hit the target with the incorrect firearm, it is considered a miss penalty. Examples: If a shooter engages 5 rifle targets with a pistol = 5 misses = 25 second penalty total If a shooter engages 2 rifle targets with a pistol and then corrects and engages the last 3 rounds on the correct pistol targets = 2 misses = 10 second penalty total Give additional examples as needed and encourage discussion regarding each of the situations listed that result in a Miss penalty of 5 seconds. Present and discuss the Double Jeopardy Rule A MISS CANNOT CAUSE A PROCEDURAL. 68

Instructor: Provide 2-3 scenario s examples and engage the class in determining the correct call for each scenario provided. 69

Failure to attempt to fire a firearm Failure to attempt a prop or stage maneuver Shooting targets in any order other than as required by stage description Engaging the stage (firearms, targets, or maneuvers) in an order other than as required by stage description Firing any firearm from a position or location other than as required by the stage description Use of illegally acquired ammunition Not returning revolvers to leather unless otherwise specified First offense, in the same match, for failure to adhere to the guidelines of the category in which the shooter is competing. Instructor: Engage the class with examples for discussion. Initiate discussion and conversation by asking the class, How many of you have had a P (a Procedural)? Gauge expertise and understanding review each of the listings above for all instances in which a 10 second penalty applies. 70

Instructor: In addition to the P s and other 10 second penalties we ve discussed, there are several actions that are considered Minor Safety Violations (MSV) that also carry a 10 second penalty. Review the list above in detail. Instructor Is there such thing as a Major Safety Violation? Yes- while they aren t grouped as a separate penalty- Major Safety Violations carry a penalty of a Stage DQ- we will cover those next. Instructor: To prepare for SDQ penalty discussions, Engage the class- ask, How many of you have every earned a Stage DQ? (Raise your hand if you have too!) 71

Shooting on the move Any dropped unloaded firearm on the firing line (from the loading table to the unloading table) Long guns that slip, fall, and break the 170 Violation of the 170 /failure to manage appropriate muzzle control Any discharge striking anything 5 to 10 feet from the shooter (except props declared as expendable by Match officials) Returning a revolver to leather with the hammer not fully down on spent round or empty chamber A cocked revolver leaving the shooters hand (as soon as it leaves the shooters hand) A live round left in the chamber of a long gun (as soon as it leaves the shooters hand) Second offense, in the same match, for failure to adhere to the guidelines of the category in which the shooter is competing. Changing location with a live round under a cocked hammer or firearm with the hammer down on a live round. Changing location with a long gun with the action closed and hammer cocked. Unsafe firearm handling Loading at other than the designated loading position or firing line Use of an illegal or illegally modified firearm Holstering or staging a revolver with the hammer down on a live round Sweeping anyone with an unloaded firearm Failure to adhere to loading/unloading procedures Leaving the line once the stage has begun for any reason Dry firing at the loading or unloading tables De-cocking a revolver, rifle, or hammered shotgun without positive indication to do so from the TO. Arriving at the designated loading area with uncleared (loaded) firearms after completing a stage within the same day (assessed on the previously completed stage) Instructor: Review each SDQ Action in detail. Encourage students to participate and confirm understanding. 72

Instructor: Engage students in discussion. 73

Two accumulated SDQ penalties or Two Spirit of the Game Assessments Belligerent attitude or unsportsmanlike conduct Willful failure to comply with a Cease Fire or Stop command given by, and while under the positive control of, the CRO/TO Shooting under the influence of alcohol, prescription drugs, or any substance or medication that may impair the shooters physical or mental abilities Shooting illegal ammunition Dropping a loaded firearm Any discharge that hits the ground or stage prop less than 5 feet from the shooter Any discharge at the loading or unloading areas Any discharge that is deemed unsafe Sweeping anyone with a loaded firearm Third offense, in the same match, for failure to adhere to the guidelines of the category in which the shooter is competing. Interpersonal conflicts Instructor: Present and discuss examples and experiences. Engage the class by asking if anyone present has ever earned a MDQ. Discuss the Cowboy Way of sticking around and lending a hand even after a MDQ! ------------------------------------BREAK TIME----------------------------------- 74

Instructor: Offer the opportunity for any questions from the students prior to administering the exam. 75

Instructor: Distribute the Exam & Keep the Power Point paused on this slide. At the conclusion of the Exam, the remainder of the Power Point presentation is designed to present each question and answer and review/grade the exams as a group. Scoring Options: Option 1 (Preferred): Upon completion, review and discuss each question and its answer as a class. Each student should grade/correct their own exam. Once reviewed and scored, the exams should then be turned in to the Instructor. Option 2: Upon completion, students turn the test in to the instructor for grading. The instructor grades each exam, returns them all, then reviews the exam individually or as a group. 76

SINGLE ACTION SHOOTING SOCIETY Range Operations Safety Course Test (Level 1) INSTRUCTOR VERSION/ANSWER KEY Name Instructor s Name Alias SASS# Score Circle the letter for the most accurate answer to each question. A passing score is 24/30 or higher. 1. The purpose of RO Training is: a. Setting a consistent standardized set of rules b. Ensuring a safe environment c. a and b are both correct 2. Who is considered a safety officer: a. The TO b. The Spotters/Counters c. The Match Director d. Everyone 3. A new shooter under the supervision of an inexperienced RO makes three procedural errors in one stage. The correct penalty in this situation is: a. 10 Seconds b. 30 Seconds c. A Stage DQ 4. During the course of fire, never cock a handgun until: a. It is pointed on target b. It is clear of the holster c. It is down range and at least 45 degrees from the ground 5. Handguns should be returned to the holster: a. Hammer down on spent shell or empty chamber b. Hammer cocked with empty chamber or spent case in cylinder c. Hammer down on empty cylinder 6. According to the SASS Handbook, main match pistol ammunition must have a minimum velocity of, and a maximum velocity of : a. 400 fps; 1,000 fps b. 650 fps; 1,000 fps c. 650 fps; 1,400 fps 7. Firearms with SASS illegal external modifications should always be: a. Allowed at the club level b. Brought to the shooter s attention and corrected prior to shooting, if possible c. After the match, bring it to the attention of the Match Director 8. An uncontrolled discharge will result in a match disqualification if: a. It strikes the ground or prop within 20 feet of the shooter b. It strikes the ground or prop within 5 feet of the shooter c. It strikes the ground or prop within 10 feet of the shooter 9. Ammunition dropped during the course of fire: a. Is considered a dead round, unless it is dropped where it was staged b. May be safely retrieved at any time by the shooter c. a and b are both correct 77

10. When a shooter hears the cease fire command, they should: a. Finish the course of fire b. Stop shooting immediately c. Look for the problem and determine if it is safe to continue 11. If a shooter is not coached, any procedural error: a. Will still be assessed against the shooter b. Will not be assessed, and the shooter is entitled to a re-shoot c. Will be assessed at the RO s discretion 12. At all major matches (state level and higher), re-shoots: a. Will be allowed, if the shooter s firearm malfunctions to the point it cannot be fixed by the RO b. Will not be allowed under any circumstances c. Will not be allowed after the first shot is fired (except for timer or range malfunctions, or when the shooter s progress is impended by an RO) 13. A rifle or pistol round fired over the berm carries a penalty of: a. A Stage DQ b. A Match DQ c. Individual ranges determine the penalty for this situation 14. A shooter draws and cocks his/her revolver out of sequence. The shooter: a. May continue with the course of fire if the cylinder is rotated until there is an empty chamber under the hammer b. Must shoot the revolver dry c. May fire one round so the hammer is down on a spent round and continue with the course of fire 15. The TO should attempt to: a. Coach the shooter, whenever necessary to eliminate any procedural or safety penalties b. Not allow the shooter to start in a faulted position c. Assess the shooter s emotional state and level of experience d. All of the above 16. Counters/Spotters should: a. Count misses b. Count shots fired c. Do both, a and b are both correct 17. A Timer Operator polls his spotters after a shooter completes the stage. Two spotters were clearly not paying attention, and did not catch the edge hit that the remaining spotter did, and in this case, the Timer Operator clearly observed. The Timer Operator may: a. Over-rule the spotters who did not see the edge hit, as they were clearly not paying attention in this case b. Always over-rule the spotters for misses c. NOT over-rule the spotters for misses in any circumstance, but may assign safety and procedural penalties independently. d. File a protest with the Posse Marshal on behalf of the shooter 18. The violation of the 170 o safety rule will result in: a. 10 Second Safety Penalty b. Stage DQ c. Match DQ 19. While handling a loaded firearm, sweeping someone with that firearm (intentionally or accidentally) at any time during a match will result in a: a. 10 Second Safety Penalty b. Stage DQ c. Match DQ 78

20. Re-holstering a handgun with the hammer cocked or down on a live round will result in: a. 10 Second Safety Penalty b. Stage DQ c. Match DQ 21. At the unloading table: a. All firearms carried to the line should be examined whether they were used in the stage or not b. Only those firearms used in the stage need to be examined c. It is not necessary to have the shooter work the action of their rifle since the action is open and you can see the chamber is empty 22. At matches using a flag system, a Yellow Flag means: a. The range is clear to go down range b. Cease fire immediately c. There is a need to cease fire, but not immediately 23. A dropped loaded firearm carries a penalty of: a. 10 seconds for a minor safety violation b. A stage DQ if the firearm does not violate the 170 o rule c. A match DQ under any circumstances 24. Holsters: a. May not vary by more than 30 degrees from the vertical as worn b. May not vary by more than 45 degrees from the vertical as worn c. May not vary by more than 60 degrees from the vertical as worn 25. Which of the following is key to a winning assist: a. Assess the shooter b. Coach the shooter c. Give a hug for good luck d. a and b are both correct 26. What is a squib load: a. When a cartridge does not fire after the primer has been struck by the firing pin b. There is less than normal pressure or velocity after ignition of the cartridge c. A perceptible delay in the ignition of a cartridge 27. Which of the following is one of the Magnificent Seven: a. Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire b. Speak up c. Be sure of your target and what is beyond d. All of the above 28. Which of the following is NOT an example of an illegal (outlawed) item: a. Short sleeved shirts on female competitors b. Ball caps c. Modern shooting gloves 29. The use of a non-sass legal firearm carries a penalty of: a. 10 Second Safety Penalty b. A Stage DQ c. A Match DQ 30. In which case would a shooter receive a 5 second penalty: a. Shooting a rifle target with a pistol b. Dropping a loaded firearm c. Breaking the 170 o rule d. a and b are both correct 79

Instructor: Offer a genuine THANK YOU! And a hearty CONGRATULATIONS to your students! Welcome them to the rank of SASS Range Officers. Distribute RO I Pins. 80