Vernal Equinox March 20, 11:57 AM, CDT Sun will rise exactly in the east and set exactly in the west. All latitudes get 12 hours of day and 12 hours of dark. Length of day for a full year Wet Adiabatic Ocean Gyres lapse rate, starts at dewpoint Dry Adiabatic lapse rate January July What is water vapor. Can you see it? http://weather.msfc.nasa.gov Two ways water vapor is important? Sargasso Sea Great Pacific Garbage Patch Centers of ocean gyres What is water vapor s role in redistributing energy from surplus to deficit areas of world? 1
ITCZ migration http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_e mbedded&v=qh011eayjaa This is a high definition animation of global air circulation created by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It spans one calendar year and is comprised of hourly data. Cloud cover is generally shown in white with areas of precipitation shown in orange. 3A, 21B, 33C, 9D The diagram to the lower right is the symbol for a (an) front. a). Cold b). Convergent c). Warm d). Occluded e). Stationary 9A, 27B, 39C, 15D When air is saturated all the following are true EXCEPT a). Content = capacity b). Evaporation rate is fast c). Relative humidity = 100% d). Air is at the dewpoint temperature 11A, 29B, 41C, 17D Why does the U.S. have more tornadoes than other countries? a. We have more trailer parks b. Our mountains run east to west c. Our mountains run north to south d. mt and ct air collide in early fall e. mt and mp air can collide in the central U.S 12A, 30B, 42C, 18D The monsoon and a land/sea breeze have which of the following in common? a). They are both local in scale b). They are both continental in scale c). They both result from unequal heating/cooling rates of land and water d). They both involve continuous southerly winds e). They both bring heavy rain to the affected area 14A, 32B, 2C, 20D The diagram to the right is of a pressure cell in the hemisphere. Arrows are air movement direction. a). Low, northern b). Low, southern c). High, southern d). High, northern 2
16A, 34B, 4C, 22D The South Atlantic Ocean Gyre rotates and brings relatively water to west coast of Africa. a). Clockwise, cold b). Counterclockwise, warm c). Clockwise, warm d). Counterclockwise, cold 17A, 35B, 5C, 23D A layered cloud is called a cloud, while a puffy cloud is called a cloud. a). Cirrus, Cumulus b). Stratus, Cirrus c). Nimbus, Stratus d). Cumulus, Nimbus e). Stratus, Cumulus 19A, 37B, 7C, 25D An air parcel that is forced up and over a mountain experiences which of the following temperature changes? a). Heats up at the dry adiabatic lapse rate as it descends on the leeward side b). Heats up due to friction as it goes up on the windward side of the mountain c). Cools off at the dry adiabatic lapse rate as it descends on the leeward side 23A, 41B, 11C, 29D A land breeze is likely to occur along the coast during the, due to relatively temperatures and atmospheric pressure over land. a). Night, low, high b). Night, high, low c). Day, low, high d). Day, high, low 24A, 42B, 12C, 30D In air mass names, if the lowercase first letter is m, it indicates that the airmass is, and if the capital second letter is P, it means the airmass is. a). Moist, cool b). Monsoon, Polar c). Moist, warm d). Dry, warm e). Marine, moist 25A, 1B, 13C, 31D If you were given the following altitudes and temperature readings from a weather balloon released into the atmosphere, what term would best describe this particular sequence of atmospheric temperature changes? a). Surface temperature inversion b). Wet adiabatic lapse rate c). Temperature inversion aloft d). Dry adiabatic lapse rate 3
29A, 5B, 17C, 35D On the weather map to the right the front labeled D is front and it is moving toward the. a). An occluded front, east b). A cold front, northeast c). A stationary front, south d). A warm front, northeast e). A cold front, east 30A, 6B, 18C, 36D The dry adiabatic lapse rate describes a). Temperature changes in a rising parcel of air with condensation occurring b). Temperature changes associated with falling parcels of air c). Temperature structure of the atmosphere 31A, 7B, 19C, 37D The ratio of atmospheric water vapor content to atmospheric water vapor capacity is called a). Adiabatic rate b). Transpiration ratio c). Saturation curve d). Relative humidity e). Condensation level 32A, 8B, 20C, 38D In December, the ITCZ is usually located the Equator because a). On, there are always equal days and equal nights b). South of, the direct rays of the sun shine on the Tropic of Capricorn c). North of, the direct rays of the sun shine on the Tropic of Cancer d). North of, the direct rays of the sun shine on the Arctic Circle e). South of, the direct rays of the sun shine on the Antarctic Circle 36A, 12B, 24C, 42D A cold front passes through Mobile, you might expect all the following EXCEPT a). Cumulonimbus clouds b). Stratus clouds and drizzle c). The temperature to change rapidly d). Heavy rain e). Rapid atmospheric pressure changes 37A, 13B, 25C, 1D The type of atmospheric lifting that causes rainfall near the Equator is lifting. a). Frontal b). Orographic c). Divergent d). Advective e). Convergent 4
39A, 15B, 27C, 3D A hurricane is wandering around in the Gulf of Mexico. It finally heads due east towards Florida. Use the map to right to determine what quadrant of the storm will do the most damage to Florida s western coast. a). Northeast quadrant b). Northwest quadrant c). Southeast quadrant d). Southwest quadrant Driver Front seat passenger 40A, 16B, 28C, 4D Global average precipitation is low near the Poles because air temperature is, capacity of air to hold water is, and provides a lifting mechanism. a). Warm, low, convergence b). Cold, high, nothing c). Warm, low, convection d). Cold, low, nothing e). Cold, low, frontal activity 41A, 17B, 29C, 5D Condensation is affected by all the following EXCEPT a). Degree of cooling b). Type of vegetation c). Relative humidity d). Availability of condensation nuclei e). Ratio of moisture content to capacity 42A, 18B, 30C, 6D In comparison to the idealized pattern of high and low pressure belts, the actual global pressure distribution is all the following EXCEPT a). The pattern is much more irregular because of continentality b). In June, the ITCZ is usually south of the equator c). The pressure belts break up into large pressure cells especially in the northern hemisphere d). The pressure belts are more zonal in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere e). In December, a high pressure cell is over Siberia in Russia 43AC What is the correct descriptive term for belt #2? a) Horse Latitudes b) Westerlies c) Southeast trades d) Polar Easterlies e) Polar Front 44AC What is the correct descriptive term for belt #4? a) Polar Easterlies b) Horse Latitudes c) Westerlies d) Southeast trades e) Northeast trades 5
46AC What is(are) the correct descriptive term(s) for belt #7? a) Doldrums b) Subtropical High c) Equatorial Low d) ITCZ e) all but b 48AC What is(are) the correct descriptive term(s) for belt #11? a) Horse Latitudes b) Polar Front c) Polar High d) Subpolar Low e) b and d 50 AC The surface winds in zone #4 usually come from the a) North b) Southwest c) Northeast d) East e) Northwest 52AC The surface winds in zone #12 usually come from the a) Southeast b) North c) Northeast d) West e) Northwest 54AC What is the atmospheric pressure at location 3 and what causes it? a) high pressure caused by circulation dynamics b) low pressure caused by circulation dynamics c) low pressure caused by cold temperatures d) high pressure caused by low temperatures 54BD What is the atmospheric pressure at location #9 and what causes it? a). high pressure caused by warm temperatures b). high pressure caused by circulation dynamics c). low pressure caused by warm temperatures d). low pressure caused by circulation dynamics 6
Latitudinal variation in precipitation 59AC If we ranked annual precipitation with the greatest amount of precipitation as A, next to greatest B, next to lowest C, and lowest D, which of these four ranks best describes precipitation in location #11? a) A, greatest amount of precipitation b) B, next to greatest c) C, next to lowest d) D, lowest Know the lifting mechanisms, or lack thereof, that explain this latitudinal pattern 59BD If we ranked annual precipitation with the greatest amount of precipitation as A, next to greatest B, next to lowest C, and lowest D, which of these four ranks best describes precipitation in location #5? a). A, greatest amount of precipitation b). B, next to greatest c). C, next to lowest d). D, lowest 7