REFEREE SIGNALS IN BASKETBALL Creative-Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung, Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Author: Translation: Christian Theis Sebastian Stein, Philipp Hählke 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 1
Overview Introduction Referee signals in basketball o Clock-related hand signals o Scoring o Substitution and timeouts o General information o Violations o Shirt numbers o Types of foul o Execution of penalties Teaching aids o Referee signals in basketball (1-8) List of references 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 2
Introduction The world basketball association FIBA prescribes certain hand gestures to signal administrative, organisational and communicative duties, as well as play restarts. Beside the referees, the judges in particular must be familiar with the official hand signals to be able to note down penalties and the scoring correctly. As a spectator it is also helpful to have a certain amount of knowledge of the signals in order to properly understand what happens on the court. This article illustrates the different hand signals and their respective meaning. Referee signals in basketball Clock-related hand signals STOP CLOCK STOP CLOCK BECAUSE OF A FOUL START CLOCK Scoring Open palm Clenched fist Chop with the hand 1 POINT 2 POINTS 3 POINTS 1 finger, 2 fingers, 3 fingers extended 'flag' from wrist 'flag' from wrist 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 3
Substitution and timeouts SUBSTITUTION BECKON SUBSTITUTE TIMEOUT Cross forearms Open palm, wave towards Form a 'T', the body index finger showing General information CANCEL SCORE COMMUNICATION Scissor-like action with the arms Thump up SHOT CLOCK OUT-OF-BOUNDS AND/ OR JUMP BALL RESET DIRECTION OF PLAY SITUATION Rotation of the hand Point finger parallel Thumps up followed by point with stretched to sidelines finger in direction of index finger alternating possession arrow 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 4
Violations TRAVELING DOUBLE DRIBBLING CARRYING Rotate fists Patting motion Half rotation, forward direction 3 SECOND VIOLATION 5 SECOND VIOLATION 8 SECOND VIOLATION Arm extended, Show five fingers Show eight fingers show three fingers BALL RETURNED 24 SECOND VIOLATION TO BACKCOURT KICKING VIOLATION Fingers touch shoulder Wave arm, Point finger to the foot index finger pointing 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 5
Shirt numbers Nr. 0 Nr. 00 Nr. 4 Nr. 7 Nr. 11 Nr. 15 Nr. 24 Nr. 78 Please note: If you have to signal shirt numbers from 16-99, first use the back of the hand to indicate the number of the tens digit and then indicate with the palm of the hand the number of the ones digit. 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 6
Types of foul HOLDING BLOCKING PUSHING Grasp wrist downward Both hands on hips Imitate push ILLEGAL ILLEGAL HANDCHECKING USE OF HANDS CONTACT OF HANDS Move hand forward Strike wrist Palm strikes forearm and grasp wrist with the other hand TEAM-CONTROL/ CHARGING WITH BALL HIT TO THE HEAD PLAYER-CONTROLE FOUL Clenched fist, Imitate head contact Point clenched fist towards strike open palm basket of offending team 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 7
TECHNICAL FOUL UNSPORTSMANLIKE DISQUALIFYING Form a 'T', Grasp wrist upwards Clenched fists on palm showing both hands Execution of penalties AFTER FOUL WITHOUT FREE THROWS AFTER FOUL BY TEAM IN CONTROL OF THE BALL Point finger, arm parallel to sidelines Clenched fist, arm parallel to sidelines 1 FREE THROW 2 FREE THROWS 3 FREE THROWS Hold up one finger Open palms Hold up three fingers on both hands 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 8
Referee signals in basketball 1 CLOCK-RELATED HAND SIGNALS STOP CLOCK STOP CLOCK BECAUSE OF A FOUL START CLOCK 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 9
Referee signals in basketball 2 SCORING 1 POINT 2 POINTS 3 POINTS 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 10
Referee signals in basketball 3 SUBSTITUTION AND TIMEOUTS SUBSTITUTION BECKON SUBSTITUTE TIMEOUT 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 11
Referee signals in basketball 4 GENERAL INFORMATION CANCEL SCORE COMMUNICATION SHOT CLOCK RESET OUT-OF-BOUNDS AND/ OR DIRECTION OF PLAY JUMP BALL SITUATION 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 12
Referee signals in basketball 5 VIOLATIONS TRAVELING DOUBLE DRIBBLING CARRYING 3 SECOND VIOLATION 5 SECOND VIOLATION 8 SECOND VIOLATION 24 SECOND VIOLATION BALL RETURNED TO BACKCOURT KICKING VIOLATION 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 13
Referee signals in basketball 6 SHIRT NUMBERS Nr. 0 Nr. 00 Nr. 4 Nr. 7 Nr. 11 Nr. 15 Nr. 24 Nr. 78 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 14
Referee signals in basketball 7 TYPE OF FOUL HOLDING BLOCKING PUSHING HANDCHECKING ILLEGAL ILLEGAL CHARGING USE OF HANDS CONTACT OF HANDS HIT TO THE HEAD WITH BALL TEAM-CONTROL/ PLAYER-CONTROL TECHNICAL FOUL UNSPORTSMANLIKE DISQUALIFYING 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 15
Referee signals in basketball 8 EXECUTION OF PENALTIES AFTER FOUL WITHOUT FREE THROWS AFTER FOUL BY TEAM IN CONTROL OF THE BALL 1 FREE THROW 2 FREE THROWS 3 FREE THROWS 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 16
List of references Literature Author Name of Literature Place of Publication Date of Publication Publisher Deutscher Basketball Bund Kampfrichter- Handbuch Hagen 2015 Cewe Illustrations / images Number All pictures Creator Christian Theis Creators of the article Author Consultant Institution Christian Theis/ Student of Education Translation: Sebastian Stein, Philipp Hählke/ Student of Education Minnich, Marlis Department of Sport Sciences, University of Koblenz- Landau, Campus Koblenz 2018 WWW.KNSU.DE Page 17