Status of Coastal Aquaculture in Thailand Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Thailand is the top ten countries for fishery production - Existence - Export fish and fishery products - Kitchen of the world
Fishery and aquaculture production during 2000-2010 Quantity: 1,000 tonnes 3,000.0 2,773.7 2,500.0 2,000.0 Marine capture 1,500.0 1,000.0 500.0 0.0 467.0 271.0 201.5 1,546.8 862.8 432.4 249.0 Inland Capture Coastal aquaculture Freshwater aquaculture Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Quantity and value of exported fishery products during 2001-2010 Quantity (Tonnes) Quantity Value Value (Million USD) 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 6,363.4 1,398,997.6 9,000 7,896.7 8,000 7,000 2,058,353.7 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Value of fishery products by main importing countries during 2001-2010 Value: Million USD 3,000 2,500 2,209.3 2,385.2 2,000 1,500 1,803.8 1,631.5 1,165.7 USA ASEAN10 Japan 1,000 500 561.9 398.4 EU27 0 353.5 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Key success for Thailand aquaculture development Suitable location Diversity of species cultured Several knowledge based on coastal aquaculture Appropriate cultured practices Competence of farmers in breeding, nursing, culturing and technology adaption Competence of government and private sector in aquaculture management to meet international standard
Coast of Thailand Thailand is bounded by the Gulf of Thailand on the east coast the Andaman Sea on the western coast Total coastline 2,815 km Eastern coastline 544 km South-eastern coastline 1,334 km South-western coastline 937 km Coastal area 32,866.88 km 2 (3,286,690 ha) 23 provinces along coastline
Coastal aquaculture Major commercial species: Shrimp - white shrimp - black tiger shrimp Fish - sea bass - grouper Other commercial species: Fish - milkfish, cobia Mollusc - mussel, blood cockle, oyster Crab - mud crab - blue swimming crab
Coastal aquaculture production in 2010 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Marine shrimp culture 1972 : First breeding success of Penaeus monodon by Phuket Coastal Aquaculture Station, DOF 1985 : Marine shrimp culture grown steadily 2002 : Expansion of white shrimp industry (Penaeus vannamei) 2006 until present : 97% of shrimp production is white shrimp
Shrimp production during 2000-2010 Quantity: 1,000 tonnes 600.0 554.40 500.0 551.99 400.0 300.0 200.0 309.80 304.59 Black tiger shrimp White shrimp Total 100.0 0.0 5.21 2.41 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Sea bass culture (Lates calcarifer) 1973: First success breeding of sea bass at National Coastal Aquaculture Institute (NICA), DOF Easy to breed, hatch and nurse Easy to culture, can grow in various environment Earthen pond and cage culture
Sea bass production during 2000-2010 Quantity: tonnes 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 11,032 12,230 13,588 14,219 15,524 12,366 12,814 14,818 16,480 10,000 8,000 7,752 8,004 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Grouper culture Epinephelus coioides, Epinephelus malabaricus, Cromileptes altivalis, E Epinephelus lanceolatus Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Plectropomus leopardus Difficult to breed, low survival rate Easy to culture and mostly culture in cages Good taste, good price for live fish
Potential commercially high value groupers Leopard grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Bloch) Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus
Grouper production during 2000-2010 Quantity: tonnes 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,338 3,574 2,582 3,036 2,981 3,105 2,996 3933 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 1,332 1,443 1,170 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Other commercial marine finfish Cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) Milkfish Chanos chanos Spotted scat Scatophagus argus Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis Short-bodied mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma
Other commercial species Mollusc : Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) Oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) Mussel (Perna viridis) Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata)
Other commercial species Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Mud crab Scylla olivacea Scylla paramamosain
Direction of Aquaculture Development Food security Food safety Economic growth International agreement Balance and Sustainability Environmental sustainability
Aquaculture carrying capacity Environmental sustainability Fish cage culture Mollusc culture in coastal area Aquaculture carrying capacity can be used to guide future aquaculture management and policy formulation in Thailand
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