Evaluation of San Diego's First CicloSDias Open Streets Event

Evaluation of San Diego's First CicloSDias Open Streets Event Funded by a grant from The California Endowment San Diego State University School of Public Affair University of California San Diego Department of Family and Preventive Medicine February 10, 2014

Key Findings and Recommendations from the Evaluation of San Diego s First Open Streets Event Key Findings from the Event: Approximately 8,311 people attended the event; this attendance rate is similar to that of inaugural Open Streets events in many other cities. (p. 6) 713 attendees completed the evaluation survey; 49% were women and 36% were non- White or Latino. (p. 7) 38% of attendees came to the event from further than 1 zip code from the route. (p. 8-9) Attendees obtained two-thirds of their typical weekly minutes of physical activity during the event. (p. 15) 49% of attendees met the 150-minutes per week physical activity guideline during the event; as a comparison, 26% of San Diego County residents obtain 150 minutes of physical activity in a given week. (p. 15) 84% of attendees shopped or purchased food or drink during the event, and 94% said they would return to the neighborhood. (p. 16) 50% of businesses reported that the event had a positive impact on their business and 13% reported a neutral impact. Restaurants, pubs and retail stores reported benefitting the most. (p. 17) Key Findings from the City-Wide Survey: 58% of randomly sampled San Diego city residents said they want a CicloSDias event in their neighborhood. (p. 13) Only 46% of randomly sampled San Diego city residents rated existing bicycling infrastructure as good or very good. (p. 18) 84% of randomly sampled San Diego residents support improving bicycling infrastructure; 62% still support improving bicycling infrastructure even if it means removing a lane of traffic or parking, with the highest levels of support among non-whites and Latinos. (p. 18-19) Recommendations: Expand mass-media partnerships to improve awareness of the event to build attendance, because only 7-13% of city residents were aware one week before the event. (p. 12) Create partnerships with ethnic-specific media to enhance diversity of attendees. (p. 7) Increase business involvement in planning and marketing of event to improve relationships with businesses and awareness of event. (p. 17) Identify effective strategies for recruiting Latino and non-white participants. Providing bicycle rental may be helpful since bicycle ownership rates are lower among Latinos and non-whites. (p. 22) Advocate for improvements in bicycling infrastructure and bicycle share programs, particularly in low-income minority neighborhoods where demand was highest. (p. 19-20) 1 P a g e

Table of Contents 1.0 Overview... 3 2.0 Evaluation Methods... 3 3.0 Evaluation Results... 6 How Many People Attended CicloSDias? Attendance Rates from Counts... 6 Who Completed Surveys during CicloSDias? Demographic Characteristics of Event Attendees... 7 Where Did CicloSDias Attendees Live? Detailed Distribution of Respondents' Home Zip Codes... 8 How Far Did CicloSDias Attendees Come? Distribution of Attendees' Home Zip Codes... 9 How Did CicloSDias Attendees Compare to Local Residents? Comparison of Attendee Demographic to the Local Area... 10 How Did People Hear About CicloSDias? Impact and Reach of Marketing and Communication... 11 Who Was Aware of CicloSDias? Awareness of Event in the City-Wide Telephone Survey Respondents... 12 Where Is There Demand for Another CicloSDias? Demand Reported by City-Wide Telephone Survey Respondents... 13 Why Did People Attend CicloSDias? Reasons for Attending Event... 14 How Did CicloSDias Impact Public Health? Physical Activity Impacts... 15 How Did CicloSDias Impact Businesses? Impacts Reported by Attendees... 16 How Did CicloSDias Impact Businesses? Impacts Reported by Businesses... 17 Support for Improving Bicycle Infrastructure: Views of CicloSDias Attendees and City-Wide Survey Respondents Regarding Bicycle Infrastructure... 18 Does Support for Improving Bicycle Infrastructure Differ by Demographic Characteristics? Support from the City-Wide Survey Respondents by Demographic Subgroups... 19 Who Is Interested in Bicycle Share Programs? Interest of City-Wide Survey Respondents... 20 How to Improve Bicycle Infrastructure in San Diego? Results from City-Wide Survey... 21 Attendees' Comments and Suggestions for Improving CicloSDias... 22 2 P a g e

1.0 Overview What is Open Streets? Open Streets events are held internationally and are modeled after Ciclovía which started in Bogota, Columbia in response to heavy traffic, air quality and public health concerns. Ciclovía translates to bike path in English. Open Streets involves temporarily closing streets to vehicle access so community members can use the streets to safety engage in bicycling, rolling (e.g., skateboarding), jogging, and walking. An underlying goal of Open Streets is to provide support for sense of community, economic development, and improved health through physical activity. Over 70 cities across the U.S. have held Open Streets events, with most occurring since 2007 (http://openstreetsproject.org/). Details of the August 11th 2013 CicloSDias The first major Open Streets event in San Diego, called CicloSDias (http://www.ciclosdias.com/), was held on Sunday August 11th, 2013, from 10AM to 4PM, along a 5.2-mile route through central San Diego. Streets were temporarily closed to vehicles, allowing exclusive access to cyclists and pedestrians for active recreation. Volunteer staff and traffic police enforced the road closures and allowed periodic crossing for vehicles. The route connected four diverse neighborhoods with regards to socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, including City Heights, North Park, South Park, Golden Hill, and Southeastern San Diego. A CicloSDias hub was stationed in each neighborhood featuring merchandise, bike repair and a raffle. A map of the route is presented on the following page. 2.0 Evaluation Methods The CicloSDias evaluation was funded by The California Endowment. The aims of the evaluation were to document attendance rates, gauge reach and marketing, and assess impacts on social cohesion, businesses, and physical activity. The evaluation consisted of the following components: 1) City-wide survey before and after the event. Two-weeks before and after the event, a city-wide telephone survey was conducted in the city of San Diego using random digit dialing. A higher proportion (50%) of calls were focused in the areas near the CicloSDias route. The survey included questions about knowledge of the CicloSDias event and support for bicycling infrastructure. Approximately 400 respondents completed the survey at each time point (800 total respondents). Surveys were available in English and Spanish. 2) Counts of event attendees. Direct observation was used to obtain counts of attendees during the event. Observations were conducted at three locations along the route (Landis Street and I-805, 30 th Street and Upas Street, 30 th Street and SR-94). Attendees were classified by gender, age (adult or child), and activity (cycling or 3 P a g e

walking). This report includes an overview of the findings from the counts of attendees. More details can be found in another report specific to the counts of attendees. 3) Surveys of event attendees. A brief intercept survey assessed attendees motivation for attending, reach and marketing of the event, physical activity during the event as well as a typical week, and attitudes towards bicycling infrastructure. Surveys were available in English and Spanish. Large posters were used to collect data on the most important four survey questions and combined with the survey data for analysis purposes. Seven hundred thirteen attendees responded to the intercept survey and 450 to the poster questions. 4) Surveys of businesses. A brief survey was distributed at the end of the event to all businesses along the route (approximately 100 businesses). The survey questions captured the impacts of CicloSDias on business' number of customers and sales. Approximately 30 businesses responded to the survey. A copy of the surveys used in this project can be found at: http://sallis.ucsd.edu/measure_ciclosdias.html Evaluation Posters 4 P a g e

CicloSDias Route Map 5 P a g e

Percent of attendees 3.0 Evaluation Results How Many People Attended CicloSDias? Attendance Rates from Counts An estimated 8,311 people attended the event. These attendance rates were similar to many other cities' inaugural Open Streets events, including Oakland, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz, and greater than some cities' inaugural events, such as Atlanta, Baltimore, Denver, and St. Louis. 85% of people observed were cycling. 12% of people observed were children. Men passed the observation locations more frequently than women. The average reported length of attendance was 3 hours. The North Park area near 30th and Upas had the highest attendance rates. 100% 80% Children 12% Female 40% Walking 15% 30th & 94 28% 60% 40% Adults 88% Bicycling 85% 30th & Upas 45% Male 60% 20% Landis & 805 27% 0% Age Gender Activity Location 6 P a g e

Percent of respondents Who Completed Surveys during CicloSDias? Demographic Characteristics of Event Attendees Half of the 713 respondents were women. 13% of respondents were Latino and 23% were non-white. 31% of respondents had a personal annual income less than $45k. 100% Age > 60 12% Non-White 23% 80% 60% Age 41-60 43% Female 49% Latino 13% Income $45k 69% 40% 20% Age 30-40 28% Age < 30 17% Male 51% White non- Hispanic 64% Income < $45k 31% 0% Age Gender Race/ethnicity SES 7 P a g e

Where Did CicloSDias Attendees Live? Detailed Distribution of Respondents' Home Zip Codes Respondents came to the event from locations across San Diego county, with a majority of respondents clustered in areas near the CicloSDias route. Number of respondents residing in zip code 8 P a g e

How Far Did CicloSDias Attendees Come? Distribution of Attendees' Home Zip Codes More than half of respondents lived near the CicloSDias route, while almost 40% came to the event from further away. The zip codes along the route were 92116, 92104, 92105, and 92102. 38% Lived further than 1 zip code from route 25% Lived 1 zip code from route 37% Lived in zip code along route Zip codes along route 92116 92104 92105 92102 9 P a g e

Percent of population How Did CicloSDias Attendees Compare to Local Residents? Comparison of Attendee Demographic to the Local Area Attendees tended to have similar demographics as the general population living near the route, especially relative to the 92116 zip code, with the exception that noticeably fewer Latinos attended the event as compared to the number of Latinos living near the route. A greater proportion of attendees were non-white compared to those living along the route, with the exception of the 92105 area which has a higher proportion of non-whites. Three of the four zip codes along the route had higher proportions of Latino residents as compared to the city of San Diego total population. 80% 64% 63% 60% 55% 54% 46% 43% 40% 20% 13% 23% 28% 17% 35% 19% 12% 34% 19% 18% 30% 27% 0% CicloSDias respondents 92116 92104 92105 92102 All of SD city White non-hispanic Latino Non-White 10 P a g e

Percent of respondents How Did People Hear About CicloSDias? Impact and Reach of Marketing and Communication Most respondents heard about the event via a friend, family member or coworker, or from an email blast (from multiple sources). Of respondents who used the CicloSDias website, approximately one third heard about the event from at least one of the following sources: flyer or poster, community organization, friend/family/coworker, and social media. 40% 36% 37% 30% 25% 25% 20% 10% 6% 7% 12% 0% 11 P a g e

All races White non-hispanics Latinos Non-Whites All races White non-hispanics Latinos Non-Whites Proportion of respondents who knew about CicloSDias event Who Was Aware of CicloSDias? Awareness of Event in the City-Wide Telephone Survey Respondents 10% of community respondents heard about CicloSDias before the event (13% in the city core and 7% in the surrounding area). 26% knew about CicloSDias after the event was held (29% in the city core and 23% in the surrounding area). For those living near the event, awareness before the event was highest among White non-hispanics (14%) and lower among Latinos (12%) and non-whites (11%). 50% 40% 30% 29% 31% 24% 33% 23% 24% 30% 20% 13% 14% 12% 11% 15% 14% 10% 7% 7% 0% 1% Lived near event Lived further from event Pre-event Post-event 12 P a g e

Where Is There Demand for Another CicloSDias? Demand Reported by City-Wide Telephone Survey Respondents 58% of community respondents said they would like to have a CicloSDias event in their neighborhood. Residents of the Mid-City neighborhoods, as well as those from the coastal communities, from Clairemont, Linda Vista and the College area show strong interest in having a CicloSDias event in their neighborhood. Number of respondents stating they would like a CIcloSDias in their neighborhood. 13 P a g e

Percent of respondents Why Did People Attend CicloSDias? Reasons for Attending Event Cycling without traffic, getting exercise, and exploring the neighborhood were the top reasons respondents attended CicloSDias. 80% 60% 60% 62% 70% 45% 40% 31% 20% 12% 18% 0% 14 P a g e

Percent of respondents How Did CicloSDias Impact Public Health? Physical Activity Impacts 61% of respondents bicycled to the event, over half of whom did not live in a zip code along the route. Respondents spent an average of 145 minutes in physical activity during the event, which equates to approximately 600 calories burned for a 150-lb person. On average, respondents obtained two-thirds of their typical weekly minutes of physical activity during the event. 27% of attendees would have been inactive that day without CicloSDias. By comparison, only 26% of San Diego County residents meet the 150-minutes per week physical activity guideline according to the California Health Interview Survey. 100% 97% 80% 60% 61% 49% 40% 27% 20% 15% 0% Bicycled to event Would have been inactive if no event Met 30 minutes/day physical activity guideline during event Met 150 minutes/week physical activity guideline during event Obtained more physical activity during event than on typical week 15 P a g e

Percent of respondents How Did CicloSDias Impact Businesses? Impacts Reported by Attendees 84% of respondents spent money during the event and almost all said they would return to the neighborhood. 100% 94% 80% 81% 84% 60% 51% 40% 20% 0% Shopped Purchased food Shopped or purchased food Will return to neighborhood 16 P a g e

Comparison to a typical Sunday 1 = Worse 3 = Same 5 = Better How Did CicloSDias Impact Businesses? Impacts Reported by Businesses 50% of businesses reported that CicloSDias had a positive impact on their business and 13% reported a neutral impact. Restaurants, pubs and retail stores benefitted the most from the event. Businesses experiencing negative impacts said their regular customers did not come or could not access their businesses because of the event. Several businesses said that communication could be improved regarding street closures, crossings, and changes to the bus route. Examples of positive comments: "Customers were in a great mood; it was a fun atmosphere." "We had a lot of new customers today and it was our busiest day since we opened in 10/2012." Comments related to potential for improvement: 5 "Customers could not get into the parking lot, so business was not good." 4 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.9 3 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.3 2 1 1.5 1.1 1.1 Number of Customers Sales Overall impact Grocery/liquor stores (n = 3) Services (n = 3) Retail stores (n = 11) Restaurants/Pubs (n = 9) 17 P a g e

Percent of respondents Support for Improving Bicycle Infrastructure: Views of CicloSDias Attendees and City-Wide Survey Respondents Regarding Bicycle Infrastructure CicloSDias attendees had lower ratings of existing bicycle infrastructure compared to the general community, although both had low ratings. Support for improving bicycle infrastructure was high among CicloSDias attendees and the general community. Even if improving bicycling infrastructure means removing lanes of traffic or parking, support was high -- over 60% of the general community and 95% of CicloSDias attendees. 100% 80% 93% 95% 84% 60% 40% 39% 46% 62% 20% 0% Rated current San Diego bicycling infrastructure and good/very good Are supportive/very supportive of improving bicycling infrastructure Are supportive/very supportive of improving infrastructure even if removing lane of traffic or parking Event survey Community survey 18 P a g e

Overall Male Female White non-hispanic Latino Non-White Income < $45k Income $45k Percent of respondents supportive or very supportive of improving bicycling infrastructure Does Support for Improving Bicycle Infrastructure Differ by Demographic Characteristics? Support from the City-Wide Survey Respondents by Demographic Subgroups Latinos, non-whites, and lower socio-economic respondents in the general community rated their support for improving bicycle infrastructure higher than Whites and higher socio-economic respondents. San Diegans in all subgroups had high support for improving bicycle infrastructure, at roughly 83% to 87%. 50% of the general community respondents owned a bike. 100% 90% 84% 84% 84% 83% 87% 87% 87% 84% 80% 70% 60% 50% By gender By race/ethnicity By SES 19 P a g e

Overall Male Female White non-hispanic Latino Non-White Income < $45k Income $45k Percent of respondents who would use bicycle share if it were in their neighborhood Who Is Interested in Bicycle Share Programs? Interest of City-Wide Survey Respondents Almost half of respondents in the general community said they would use a bicycle share program. Latinos, non-whites and lower socio-economic respondents reported being more likely to use a bicycle share program than Whites and higher socio-economic respondents. 100% 80% 60% 40% 48% 51% 46% 36% 68% 63% 59% 43% 20% 0% By gender By race/ethnicity By SES 20 P a g e

Importance to bicycling more (1 = not important; 7 = very important) How to Improve Bicycle Infrastructure in San Diego? Results from City-Wide Survey General community respondents reported that more bicycle parking and bicycle infrastructure (particularly separated facilities that are safe from traffic) were very important in their choice to bicycle to work and other places. 7 6 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.7 5 4.3 4 3.4 3 2 1 Showers Lockers Less automobile traffic More bicycle lanes on streets More protected bicycle paths Secure bicycle parking 21 P a g e

Attendees' Comments and Suggestions for Improving CicloSDias CicloSDias survey respondents provided comments regarding the event and suggestions for future events. The comments fit into the following themes (ordered by frequency): Appreciation and support for the event (most frequent comment). Desire to have event again. Desire for improving county/city biking infrastructure. Suggestions for improving logistics of event (safety and infrastructure). Suggestions for improving event marketing and communication. Examples of positive comments: "Please continue to do this event. We love it!" "I can't wait for more in other SD neighborhoods." "Great event!" Examples of suggestions for the next event: "Have bikes available to rent." "San Diego needs more bike paths safe from car doors and with curb protection." "CicloSDias needs more/better marketing -- most people I talked to had never heard of it." "CicloSDias needs more/better signage for neighborhood residents so they know how to get in and out of the neighborhood while the streets are closed." 22 P a g e

Acknowledgements Thank you to The California Endowment for funding this evaluation. Thank you to the many volunteers who played a critical role in making this project possible. This report was prepared by Jordan Carlson, James Sallis, Jessa Engelberg, Michelle Black and Jennifer Sanchez of UC San Diego and Sherry Ryan of San Diego State University. Thank you to Mina Brown, Carla Blackmar and Tracey Delaney from the Public Health Alliance of Southern California for their input on this report and evaluation. A special thanks to Ed Clancy, Michele Lambert, and the San Diego County Bicycle Coalition for their collaboration in making the evaluation possible. For further information or questions, please contact: Jordan Carlson, PhD, MA Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of California, San Diego 3900 5th Ave. Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92103 jacarlson@ucsd.edu Sherry Ryan, PhD School of Public Affairs San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 sryan@mail.sdsu.edu Report released February 10, 2014 This report is posted online at: http://www.ciclosdias.com/whyciclosdias.html 23 P a g e