Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-2 Chordate features in the human embryo eye heart liver tail limb bud (future leg) gill slit limb bud (future arm)
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-3 Invertebrate chordates nerve cord notochord gut muscle segments tail mouth anus gill slits (a) Lancelet incurrent siphon (water enters) excurrent siphon (water exits) mouth atrial opening tail anus gill slits attachment points gill slits gut notochord nerve cord (b) Tunicate larva heart gut gonad adult
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-4 Hagfishes
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-5 Lampreys
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-6a Shark
Figure 24-6b Ray
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-7a Anglerfish
Figure 24-7b Moray eel
Figure 24-7c Sea horse
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Chapter Opener 24-1
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-8a Lungfish
Figure 24-8b Sealed in a burrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kurtix 4FDuQ
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-9a Tadpole
Figure 24-9b Frog
Figure 24-9c Salamander
Figure 24-9d Caecilian
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-10a Snake
Figure 24-10b Alligator
Figure 24-10c Tortoise
Figure 24-11 The amniotic egg
Figure 24-13 Archaeopteryx, the earliest-known bird
Figure 24-12a Hummingbird
Figure 24-12b Frigate bird
Figure 24-12c Ostrich
Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
Figure 24-14a Platypus
Figure 24-14b Spiny anteater
Figure 24-15a Wallaby
Figure 24-15b Wombat
Figure 24-15c Tasmanian devil
Figure 24-16a Whale
Figure 24-16b Bat
Figure 24-16c Cheetah
Figure 24-16d Orangutan
Figure E24-1 Amphibians in danger
Table 24-1 Comparison of Craniate Groups
The water-vascular system of echinoderms sieve plate stomach canals ampulla tube feet (a) Starfish body plan (b) Starfish consuming a mussel