Applications of Collected Data from Argos Drifter, NOAA Satellite Tracked Buoy in the East Sea Young-Sang Suh (yssuh@nfrdi.re.kr) Ocean Research Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, South Korea
Study on recurring anti-cyclonic eddies using satellite tracking drifter,, satellite ocean color and sea surface temperature imagery Temporal and spatial variation of the day- night difference in sea surface temperature derived from Argos drifter Future Study Outline
Recurring Eddy in the East Sea
Ocean Currents Kuroshio current Tsushima current
Real time information on SST from NOAA and MTSAT / Ocean Color from SeaWiFS, MODIS and OCM Thermal observation Ocean color observation NOAA MODIS OCM SeaWiFS MTSAT Acquisition & Interpretation of remote sensing data for SST, ocean color, thermal front, chlorophyll-a, nighttime fishing boat etc. Service of these data on website
Surface chlorophyll-a distribution (a) determined with the SeaWiFS sensor and NOAA AVHRR SST distribution (b) off the east coast of Korea on Mar. 2, 1998 (a) (b)
(a) (b) Recurring Eddy Fig.. Surface chlorophyll a distribution (a) from SeaWiFS sensor and NOAA AVHRR SST distribution (b) off the east coast of Korea on April 30, 1999 (Suh et al., 2000).
Fig.. NOAA-14 AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature(SST) structure off the east coast of Korea. A) April 25, 1997. B) November 10, 1997. C) Argos-tracked surface current drifter track for the period September 8(S8) - November 5 (N5), 1997. The drift track is superimposed on the SST image for October 20, 1997. The warm jet west of the KCCE on October 20, (C) strengthened in late October and eventually surrounded the KCCE by November 11 (B).(symbol represents the center of eddy)
A B Fig.. The MCSST profile on the a-a'(a) and b-b'(b) line in Fig. A and B.
Recurring Anti-cyclonic eddy in the East/Japan Sea Fig.. NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 composite SST during 6th May - 9th May in 1999 for the East Sea. The trajectory of the ARGOS-tracked drift buoy is shown during December 9, 1998 - July 4, 1999 (Suh et al., 2000).
A B C D E F G H I J Fig.. The tracks of ARGOS drifter during the January 4, 1999 - March 18, 1999 revealed how the buoy follows the recurring eddy (Suh et al., 2000).
Velocity of the upward (northward) and downward (southward) movements of the ARGOS buoy in the recurring eddy region 2.5 Velocity (k m /hr) 2.0 1.5 1.0 Upward direction Downward direction 0.5 a b c d e f g h I j Type Date (month/day)
The SST measured by the ARGOS drifter trapped in the recurring eddy off Wonsan bay in the East Sea from January 4 to March 18, 1999 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 SST ( ) 1/4-1/21 1/21-1/27 1/27-2/1 2/1-2/6 2/6-2/12 2/12-2/18 2/18-2/25 2/25-3/4 3/4-3/13 3/13-3/18 a b c d e f g h i j Date (month/day)
Distribution of SST measured by Argos drifter off the Wonsan bay in the East Sea from January 4 to March 18, 1999 40 W N E S 39 Wonsan 38 Sokcho 13.5 Mukho Ulleung Is. 127 128 129 130 131
Fig.. Comparison between the recurring eddy and the bottom topography near the Wonsan bay of the East Sea. A basin of approximately 1500m depth is centered at 39.25N and 129.25E.
43 42 41 40 East Sea 39 38 North Korea South Korea West Sea Yellow Sea East Sea 37 36 35 East China Sea South Sea South Sea 34 33 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131
Northwesterly Monsoon
Delta Temp. at 20-cm depth between day and night
N Mar. - May 43 Jun. - Aug. Sep. - Nov. Dec. - Feb. 41 39 37 KOREA 35 JAPAN 128 E 130 132 134 136 138 140 Fig.. Distribution of the daily position of ARGOS drifter buoys in the East Sea during 1996 1999 (Suh et al., 2001).
Percentage (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 N = 1438 Avg. = 0.20 σ = ± 0.38 20 10 0-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Delta temperature range ( ) Fig. 2-2-2. Frequency distribution of the daily sea surface temperature differences between daytime and nighttime in the East Sea during 1996-1999.
Table. Seasonal variation of the difference in sea surface temperature between daytime and nighttime in the East Sea Range ( ) Season Spring (Mar. May) Summer (Jun.- Aug.) Autumn (Sept.- Nov.) Winter (Dec.- Feb.) -2.0 t <-1.5 0.18 0.18 0.25 1.10-1.5 t <-1.0 0.18 0.18 0.51 0.00-1.0 t <-0.5 0.72 0.54 0.51 2.21-0.5 t < 0.0 11.75 20.00 7.11 13.81 0.0 t < 0.5 72.51 63.93 78.68 76.24 0.5 t < 1.0 8.86 11.96 8.88 4.42 1.0 t < 1.5 3.25 2.50 2.79 1.10 1.5 t 2.0 2.53 0.71 1.27 1.10
128 E 130 132 134 136 138 140 N 43 41 ât (d-n) Summer (1996-1999) (a) 0.2 39 0.3 0.1 0.4 37 0 35 N ât (d-n) 43 Winter 128 E 130 132 134 136 (1996-1999) 138 140 41 (b) 0.1 Fig.. Horizontal distribution of SST differences ( t=t d -T n ) from Argos drifter (a) in summer and (b) in winter in the East Sea during 1996-1999 (Suh et al., 2001). 39 37 35 0.0-0.1
Delta Temp. ( ) Delta Temp. ( ) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 (a) (b) Date (month/day) Fig. 2-2-4. Distribution of the daily sea surface temperature differences between daytime and nighttime in the northern(a) and southern(b) part of 38 N in the East Sea.
2.5 2.0 1.5 N=1438 Delta Temp. ( ) 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Moving Distance (Km)/half day Fig. Relationship between the SST differences ( t=t d -T n ) and the half-day moving distance of Argos drifter buoy (Suh et al., 2001).
2.0 1.5 N = 1438 Delta Temp. ( ) 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0 1/1 1/31 3/1 3/31 4/30 5/30 6/29 7/29 8/28 9/27 10/27 11/26 12/26 Date (month/day) Fig.. Seasonal variation of the differences in sea surface temperature between daytime and nighttime from Argos drifter in the East Sea during 1996-1999.
Future Study
Identifying migration routes of pelagic fishes Jack mackerel Pacific saury Anchovy
Major Currents around the Korean Peninsula
Scientific Targets Transport of giant jellyfishes originated from the East China Sea Propagation of low salinity water mass discharged from Yangtze River in summer Outbreak of harmful algal bloom (HAB) that occurs and extended along the coastline every summer. For better prediction the behavior of low salinity water mass, giant jellyfish and HAB, high-frequency monitoring in the South Sea of Korea is required. In summer, propagation of low salinity water mass and giant jellyfish Extension of red tide
Ongoing Oceanographic research related with Climate Change at NFRDI Deployed surface tracking buoy and ARGO buoy 11/9 33.20 39 11/1 33.19 10/25 33.31 (C) 10/20 33.39 10/15 33.02 10/10 33.24 37 10/5 33.52 9/15 33.04 35 8/31 32.96 33 31 9/30 31.47 10/5 32.67 10/10 32.79 10/15 29.24 8/20 8/31 31.32 9/23 31.40 31.72 9/10 9/12 7/20 32.16 31.42 31.00 (E) (G) 9/5 30.65 10/1 34.06 7/20 29.42 7/16 7/20 29.76 28.97 9/7 31.589/3 31.60 9/25 33.72 7/25 29.15 10/1 33.50 7/25 30.38 (D) 8/ 1 27. 12 8/5 9/9 9/1531.34 31.18 31.16 9/21 31.36 8/25 31.38 8/10 31.25 (F) 10/5 34.11 29 10/20 33.88 (A) 10/20 34.21 (B) 10/10 34.16 10/15 34.19 27 10/25 33.87 11/9 34.28 10/31 33.92 11/9 30.38 25 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134
Mechanism of cold-water occurrences in the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula during summer
Fig.. Distribution of cold water temperature derived from NOAA satellite (Suh et al., 2001).
Fig.. Trajectory of the ARGOS drifters along the southeastern coast of Korea during Dec. 9-14, 1998 and Sept. 8-11, 1999 (Suh et al., 2001).
+ f Φ = ζ = Constant H Φ : Potential vorticity ζ : Relative vorticity ( v x u y) f : Coriolis parameter (2Ωsinø) H : Height of water column (m)
Calibration and Validation of Satellite Data
Bouy Daytime Temp. ( ) 20 15 10 5 (a) n=41 y = 2.4373x 0.7039 R 2 = 0.8835 0 5 10 15 20 Satellite Daytime Temp. Bouy Nighttime Temp. ( ) 20 15 10 5 (b) n=48 y = 2.8123x 0.6589 R 2 = 0.8484 0 5 10 15 20 Satellite Nighttime Temp. Fig. 2-2-9. Scatter plot and correlation equation between temerature from ARGOS drifter buoy (ID : 17779) and sea surface temperature from NOAA-14 satellite at daytime(a) and nighttime(b) for December 9, 1998 - March 30, 1999.
Existing Korean infrastructure for Deploying Satellite -Tracking Drifters in the Future
NFRDI s Ocean Observations System 43 N 41 Oceanographic Observation 200 points Environmental Observation 296 points Harmful Algal Bloom Observation 160 points 39 107 106 105 37 307 308 309 KOREA 103 102 104 35 310 311 207 209 208 JAPAN 312 206 33 CHINA 313 314 315 316 203 204 205 31 317 120 E 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136
Korean Fishing activities in the World Ocean NFRDI controls ca. 400 long-distance Korean fishing vessels We can deploy drifters from the vessels Tuna purse seine Tuna longline Squid Jigging Trawl Saury Stick-held dip net New fishing ground
Reference Suh Y. S., L. H. Jang and J. H. Kim, 2000. Study of a recurring anticyclonic eddy off Wonsan coast in northern Korea using satellite tracking drifter, satellite ocean color and sea surface temperature imagery. J. Korean Remote Sensing, 16(3):211-220. Suh Y. S., L. H. Jang and D. K. Lee, 2001. Temporal and spatial variation of the sea surface temperature differences derived from Argos drifter between daytime and nighttime in the Whole East Sea. J. Korean Remote Sensing, 17(3):219-230. Suh Y. S. and J. D. Hwang, 2005. Study on the cold mass occurrence in the eastern coast of the Korean peninsula in summer. Journal of the Environmental Sciences, 14(10):945-953.
Thank you very much for your attention!