KNG1 (Human) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA1040 96 assays Version: 07 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com
Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General Information... 4 Materials Supplied... 4 Storage Instruction... 4 Materials Required but Not Supplied... 4 Precautions for Use... 5 Assay Protocol... 6 Reagent Preparation... 6 Sample Preparation... 6 Assay Procedure... 7 Data Analysis... 8 Calculation of Results... 8 Performance Characteristics... 8 Resources... 10 References... 10 Plate Layout... 11 KA1040 2 / 11
Introduction Background High molecular-weight kininogen (HK) is a plasma protein coagulation cofactor serving for the activation of zymogens prekallikrein, Factor XII and Factor XI and is also a substrate of each of their proteolytic forms. It circulates as a complex with these zymogens and links the plasma coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement activation, and blood pressure control. HK is produced by the liver and weighs 120 kda with 626 amino acids. Its plasma concentration ranges from 55 to 90 μg/ml and (1-5). HK exhibits anticoagulant properties and is a strong inhibitor of cysteine proteases. Upon cleavage by kallikrein, the released active peptide bradykinin mediates NO release, vasodilation, hypotension and pain. The remaining cleaved HK (HKa) exhibits antiadhesive and antiangiogenic activity, enhancing cell-associated fibrinolysis and releasing cytokines and chemokines to enhance inflammation. Patients with HK deficiency exhibit abnormal surface-mediated activation of fibrinolysis (6,7). Principle of the Assay The KNG1 (Human) ELISA Kit is designed for detection of human Kininogen in plasma and serum samples. This assay employs a quantitative competitive enzyme immunoassay technique that measures human Kininogen in less than 3 hours. A polyclonal antibody specific for human Kininogen has been pre-coated onto a 96-well microplate with removable strips. Kininogen in standards and samples is competed with a biotinylated Kininigen sandwiched by the immobilized antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate. All unbound material is then washed away and a peroxidase enzyme substrate is added. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured. KA1040 3 / 11
General Information Materials Supplied List of component Component Human Kininogen Microplate: A 96 well polystyrene microplate coated with a polyclonal antibody against human Kininogen Sealing Tapes: Pressure-sensitive sealing tapes, which can be cut to fit the format of the individual assay. Human Kininogen Standard: Human Kininogen in a buffered protein base, lyophilized. Biotinylated Human Kininogen: lyophilized. MIX Diluent Concentrate (10x): A 10-fold concentrated buffered protein base. Wash Buffer Concentrate (20x): A 20-fold concentrated buffered surfactant. Streptavidin-Peroxidase Conjugate (SP Conjugate): A 100-fold concentrate. Chromogen Substrate: A ready-to-use stabilized peroxidase chromogen substrate tetramethylbenzidine. Stop Solution: A 0.5 N hydrochloric acid to stop the chromogen substrate reaction. Amount 96(8x12) wells 3 slices 16 μg 1 vial 30 ml 30 ml 80 μl 8 ml 12 ml Storage Instruction Upon arrival, immediately store components of the kit at recommended temperatures up to the expiration date. Store SP Conjugate at -20 C. Store Microplate, Diluent Concentrate (10x), Wash Buffer, Stop Solution, and Chromogen Substrate at 2-8 C. Unused microplate wells may be returned to the foil pouch with the desiccant packs and resealed. May be stored for up to 30 days in a vacuum desiccator. Diluent (1x) may be stored for up to 30 days at 2-8 C. Store Standard at 2-8 C before reconstituting with Diluent and at -20 C after reconstituting with Diluent. Materials Required but Not Supplied Microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm Pipettes (1-20 μl, 20-200 μl, 200-1000 μl and multiple channel) Deionized or distilled reagent grade water KA1040 4 / 11
Precautions for Use Prepare all reagents (working diluent buffer, wash buffer, standards, biotinylated-protein, and SP conjugate) as instructed, prior to running the assay. Prepare all samples prior to running the assay. The dilution factors for the samples are suggested in this protocol. However, the user should determine the optimal dilution factor. Spin down the SP conjugate vial before opening and using contents. This kit is for research use only. The kit should not be used beyond the expiration date. The Stop Solution is an acid solution. KA1040 5 / 11
Assay Protocol Reagent Preparation Freshly dilute all reagents and bring all reagents to room temperature before use. MIX Diluent Concentrate (10x): If crystals have formed in the concentrate, mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. Dilute the MIX Diluent 1:10 with reagent grade water. Store for up to 30 days at 2-8 C. Standard Curve: Reconstitute the 16 μg of Human Kininogen Standard with 2 ml of MIX Diluent to generate a solution of 8 μg/ml standard solution. Allow the standard to sit for 10 minutes with gentle agitation prior to making dilutions. Prepare duplicate or triplicate standard points by serially diluting the standard solution (8 μg/ml) 1:2 with equal volume of MIX Diluent to produce 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 μg/ml solutions. MIX Diluent serves as the zero standard (0 μg/ml). Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20 C and used within 30 days. Standard Point Dilution [Kininogen] (μg/ml) P1 Standard (8 μg/ml) + 1 part MIX Diluent 4.000 P2 1 part P1 + 1 part MIX Diluent 2.000 P3 1 part P2 + 1 part MIX Diluent 1.000 P4 1 part P3 + 1 part MIX Diluent 0.500 P5 1 part P4 + 1 part MIX Diluent 0.250 P6 1 part P5 + 1 part MIX Diluent 0.125 P7 MIX Diluent 0.000 Biotinylated Human Kininogen (1x): Reconstitute Biotinylated Human Kininogen with 4 ml MIX Diluent to produce a working solution. Allow the biotin to sit for 10 minutes with gentle agitation prior to use. Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20 C and used within 30 days. Wash Buffer Concentrate (20x): If crystals have formed in the concentrate, mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. Dilute the Wash Buffer Concentrate 1:20 with reagent grade water. SP Conjugate (100x): Spin down the SP Conjugate briefly and dilute the desired amount of the conjugate 1:100 with MIX Diluent. Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20 C. Sample Preparation Plasma: Collect plasma using one-tenth volume of 0.1 M sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 3000 x g for 10 minutes and assay. Dilute samples 1:200 into MIX Diluent and assay. The undiluted samples can be stored at -20 C or below for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. (EDTA or Heparin can also be used as anticoagulant.) Serum: Samples should be collected into a serum separator tube. After clot formation, centrifuge KA1040 6 / 11
samples at 3000 x g for 10 minutes and remove serum. Dilute samples 1:200 into MIX Diluent and assay. The undiluted samples can be stored at -20 C or below for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Assay Procedure 1. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as instructed. Bring all reagents to room temperature before use. The assay is performed at room temperature (20-25 C). 2. Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame and return them immediately to the foil pouch with desiccant inside. Reseal the pouch securely to minimize exposure to water vapor and store in a vacuum desiccator. 3. Add 25 μl of Human Kininogen Standard and/or sample per well, and immediately add 25 μl of Biotinylated Human Kininogen to each well (on top of the standard or sample). Cover wells with a sealing tape and incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. Start the timer after the last sample addition. 4. Wash five times with 200 μl of Wash Buffer manually. Invert the plate each time and decant the contents; hit it 4-5 times on absorbent material to completely remove the liquid. If using a machine wash six times with 300 μl of Wash Buffer and then invert the plate, decant the contents; hit it 4-5 times on absorbent material to completely remove the liquid. 5. Add 50 μl of Streptavidin-Peroxidase Conjugate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes. Turn on the microplate reader and set up the program in advance. 6. Wash a microplate as described above. 7. Add 50 μl of Chromogen Substrate per well and incubate for about 20 minutes or till the optimal blue color density develops. Gently tap plate to ensure thorough mixing and break the bubbles in the well with pipette tip. 8. Add 50 μl of Stop Solution to each well. The color will change from blue to yellow. 9. Read the absorbance on a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm immediately. If wavelength correction is available, subtract readings at 570 nm from those at 450 nm to correct optical imperfections. Otherwise, read the plate at 450 nm only. Please note that some unstable black particles may be generated at high concentration points after stopping the reaction for about 10 minutes, which will reduce the readings. KA1040 7 / 11
Data Analysis Calculation of Results Calculate the mean value of the duplicate or triplicate readings for each standard and sample. To generate a Standard Curve, plot the graph using the standard concentrations on the x-axis and the corresponding mean 450 nm absorbance on the y-axis. The best-fit line can be determined by regression analysis using log-log or four-parameter logistic curve-fit. Determine the unknown sample concentration from the Standard Curve and multiply the value by the dilution factor. The curve is provided for illustration only. A standard curve should be generated each time the assay is performed. Performance Characteristics The minimum detectable dose of Kininogen is typically ~0.1 μg/ml. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.9% and 7.1% respectively. Linearity Average Percentage of Expected Value (%) Sample Dilution Plasma Serum 1:100 104% 106% 1:200 98% 99% 1:400 95% 96% KA1040 8 / 11
Recovery Standard Added Value 0.25 2 µg/ml Recovery % 84-109 % Average Recovery % 97 % Cross-Reactivity Species % Cross Reactivity Canine None Bovine None Monkey < 5% Mouse None Rat None Swine None Name % Cross Reactivity LMW Kininogen 15% HMW Kininogen 100% KA1040 9 / 11
Resources References 1. Reddigari SR et al. (1993) Blood 81:1306-1311 2. Maier M et al. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:3928-3932 3. Kellermann J et al. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154:471-478 4. Kitamura N et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260:8610-8617 5. Kerbiriou DM and Griffin JH (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254:12020-12027 6. Coffman LG et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:570-575 7. Hassan S et al. (2007) Am. J. Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 292:H2959-H2965 KA1040 10 / 11
A B C D E F G H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Plate Layout KA1040 11 / 11