Contents Introduction 2 Tudor English Army List 3 Scots Army List 3 French Army List 4 Western Rebellion Army Lists 5 Irish Army List 6 Elizabethan English Army List 7 The English Army at the Battle of Flodden 8 The Scottish Army at the Battle of Flodden 9 Flodden Map 10 The English Army at the Battle of Pinkie 11 The Scottish Army at the Battle of Pinkie 12 Pinkie Map 13 The English Army at the Yellow Ford 14 The Irish Army at the Yellow Ford 15 Yellow Ford Map 15 War Tokens 16 English Unit Cards - Flodden 17 Scottish Unit Cards - Flodden 18 English Unit Cards - Pinkie 19 Scottish Unit Cards - Pinkie 20 English Unit Cards - Yellow Ford 21 Irish Unit Cards - Yellow Ford 22 Bad War Tokens 24 Introduction Tudor Warfare Tudor Warfare is the second supplement for Bad War - the Renaissance battle rules. As the title suggests, the armies and battles of the Tudor and Elizabethan wars are covered here. Inside players can find army lists for the Anglo-Scottish Wars as well as details for the Royal and Rebel armies of the Western Rebellion. Also featured is a French army list to provide opposition for Henry s continental adventures. There are also details for the armies that fought in Ireland, both native Irish, Old English and the English Elizabethan army. Three scenarios are also included, for the battles of - Flodden, Pinkie and Yellow Ford. These detail the background, orders of battle, deployment and maps, and also provide unit cards for all of the participants in the battles. This period offers players the chance to fight a variety of battles, from the massed conflicts in the open terrain of the Scottish Wars to the smaller more chaotic encounters in the dense terrain of Ireland. It also takes players from the medieval weapons and tactics at the beginning of the sixteenth century, to the gradual introduction and eventual dominance of the firearm towards the end of the period. Whichever battles players choose to fight, they will find an interesting, enjoyable and often overlooked period of early modern warfare. Images I would like to thank the guys at Sgt Major Miniatures for the use of the images of Elizabethan, Irish and Border Reiver miniatures that they kindly provided - an excellent range of figures! Copyright Stephen Danes 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication or abstraction from it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying or trasmission by email or internet, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Tudor Wars Army Lists Tudor English Army Men at Arms - 3-4 Ex Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 1 Demi-Lances - 4-5 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 4 Border Horse Raiders 4-5 Armoured Spear, crossbow Skirmish Open/Skirm 4 Burgundian Men at Arms - 3-4 Ex Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 3 Reiters - 4-5 Heavy Pistol, spear Caracole Open 3 Italian Mtd Arquebusiers - 4-5 Armoured Arquebus, sword Shot/Skr Open/Skirm 2 English Longbowmen - 3-5 Armoured Longbow, sword Shot Close 6 English Billmen - 3-5 Armoured Bill Hook Mêlée Open 10 Sword & Bucklermen Sword & Buck 3-4 Armoured Sword Mêlée Open/Skirm 1 Men-at-arms - 3 Heavy Two handed weapon Mêlée Close 2 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 4 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Halberd Mêlée Open/Close 1 Landsknecht Skirmish - 3-4 Armoured Crossbow, sword Skirmish Skirmish 2 Double-Pay Men Doppelsöldner 3-4 Armoured Two handed weapon Mêlée Open/Close 1 Italian Arquebusiers Aventuriers 4-5 Armoured Arquebus, sword Shot Open 3 Artillery - 4-5 - Any Shot Skirmish - The English army would usually be fielded in four or five divisions. Blocks of bill armed infantry would form the central portion with supporting flanks of longbows. Cavalry would usually be drawn up on the wings, to protect the flanks of the infantry. The men-at-arms would usually dismount and fight on foot. In fact the Tudor army had more in common with its medieval past than it did to the Continental armies of the time. A few firearms were slowly introduced but these would appear only in small numbers and would be formed into small shot units, or mixed in with the longbows. This is not to say that English armies did not recognise the benefits of heavy cavalry, pikemen or arquebusiers, they would hire in foreign mercenaries for these rolls rather than relying on their own forces to take up these arms. Scots Army Border Horse Raiders 4-5 Armoured Spear, crossbow Skirmish Open/Skirmish 4 Lowland Infantry - 4-5 Heavy Pike Mêlée Close 10 Lowland Infantry - 4-5 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 10 Highland Infantry - 4-5 - Longbow, sword Mêlée Open 4 Highland Infantry - 4-5 - Pike Mêlée Open 3 Noble Infantry - 3 Heavy Pike Mêlée Close 2 The Scottish army in this period relied on huge blocks of pikemen and tactics similar to those used in the previous century by Scottish spearmen and their schiltron formations. The pikes were introduced from the Continent and it was hoped would emulate the successes of the Swiss. Scottish armies usually included a number of Highland units, these troops would have a looser formation than the pikemen and provided the armies main missile capability. Light cavalry was used, but these were present only in small numbers and were better suited to raiding and skirmishing. Heavy cavalry does not seem to have been a feature of Scottish armies, most of the Scots nobles would be found serving in the front ranks of the pike square rather than as heavy cavalry.
French War Army Lists French Army French Knights Gendarmes 3-4 Ex Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 4 French Archers - 4-5 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 4 Mounted Crossbowmen - 4-5 Armoured Crossbow, sword Shot Open/Skirm 1 Stradiots Raiders 4-5 Armoured Javelin, sword Skirmish Skirmish 1 Argoulets - 5-6 Armoured Arquebus, sword Skirmish Skirmish 1 Arrière Ban Levy 3-5 Armoured Lance, sword Galloper Open 2 Old Band Infantry - 4 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 10 Italian Shot - 5-6 Armoured Aquebus, sword Shot Open 3 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 8 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Halberd Mêlée Open/Close 2 Landsknecht Skirmish - 3-4 Armoured Crossbow, sword Skirmish Skirmish 1 Double-Pay Men Doppelsöldner 3-4 Armoured Two handed wpn Mêlée Open/Close 1 Gascon/Breton Foot Aventuriers 4-5 Armoured Arquebus* crossbow Shot Open 10 Swiss Infantry - 2 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 6 Swiss Skirmishers - 3 - Crossbow, sword Skirmish Skirmish 2 Legion Pikemen^ Levy 5-6 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 5 Legion Shot Levy 5-6 Armoured Aquebus*, sword Shot Open 2 Legion Halberdiers Levy 5-6 Armoured Halberd Mêlée Open 1 Artillery - 3-4 - Any Shot Skirmish 2 * Arquebus did not come in to the French army until around 1520s. ^ Legion infanrtry appeared from 1530 onwards. War in France This period saw a number of expeditions by Henry VIII English armies into France. There was the capture of Therouanne and Tournay and the very exciting and rapid victory for the young Henry at the Battle of the Spurs in 1513. Another expedition to the Continent was launched in 1523, a series of raids along the Somme, but this led to starvation and mutiny in the English army, a sharp contrast to the events a decade earlier. And in 1544, a final adventure for king Henry proved equally unsuccessful. By the time that Elizabeth took the English throne, royal finances were even more constrained. The financially ruinous wars fought on two fronts against France and Scotland in the 1540s meant that such large scale military excursions would have to end. Altogether cheaper political and diplomatic methods would need to be found to satisfy royal ambitions. smaller scale encounters using the Ambuscade section of the Bad War rules. The army list above provides details of French units that the English troops are likely to encounter. Obviously the lack of any stand-up pitched battles between the English and the French during this period does not prevent players from trying some what-if games. It might be fun to see how the English bow and bill system handles a Swiss pike block! The fighting in France was typically a pattern of sieges and skirmishes. Players can represent some of these
Western Rebellion Army Lists Royalist Army Demi-Lances - 4-5 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 4 Italian Mtd Arquebusiers - 4-5 Armoured Arquebus, sword Shot/Skr Open/Skirm 2 Militia Longbowmen - 4-5 Armoured Longbow, sword Shot Close 4 Militia Billmen - 4-5 Armoured Bill Hook Mêlée Open 6 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 3 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Halberd Mêlée Open/Close 1 Landsknecht Skirmish - 3-4 Armoured Arquebus, sword Skirmish Skirmish 1 These armies represent the rebel forces of Devon and Cornwall and the royalist armies, under Lord Russell and Lord Wilton, sent to suppress them in 1549. Players can use these lists to fight the battles and skirmishes fought around Exeter, such as Fenny Bridges, Clyst St MAry and Sampford Courtenay but can also use them for the rebellions that erupted in Kent and Norfolk. Players can use the Ambuscade scale if they wish to recreate some of the smaller engagements. Rebel forces would often make good use of cover enhanced with defensive earthworks to strengthen their positions. The royalist forces, although generally better equipped, would often be heavily outnumbered and would find themselves attacked from unexpected directions as outlying rebel troops arrived to support the rebellion. The arrival of tough, professional foreign mercenary infantry would usually spell the end of the rebellion and so these troops should be used sparingly and are likely to be deployed only for the final, conclusive battle. The rebel forces tended to be poorly equipped and so have been listed without armour. This rule should be generally applied although players can field one armoured unit in their army for the sake of variety if they wish. Partisan Units This refers to troops that fight with extra enthusiasm to rid their county of a foreign invader. Although keen, these troops were usually hurriedly raised and lacked training or discipline, however - they were keen! When testing to stand or when testing for morale, count the Partisan unit as one Grade Factor better (i.e. factor four becomes factor three). Examples of Partisan units in this period are Cornish rebels fighting for their religion and independence. Rebel Army Local Gentry - 4-5 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 2 Rebel Infantry Partizan 4-6 - Longbow, sword Shot Open/Close 6 Rebel Infantry Partizan 4-6 - Bill Hook Mêlée Open 10 Rebel Infantry Partizan 4-6 - Arquebus, sword Shot Open/Skirmish 2
Elizabethan Wars Army Lists Irish Army Irish Horse - 4-5 Armoured Spear, Javelin Skirmish Skirmish 4 Irish Horse - 4-5 - Spear, Javelin Skirmish Skirmish 4 Palesmen Men at Arms - 3-4 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 1 Bonnachts - 4-5 Armoured Pike, sword Mêlée Close 10 Bonnachts - 4-5 Armoured Aquebus, sword Shot Open 2 Gallowglass - 3-4 Heavy Two handed weapon Mêlée Close 10 Gallowglass - 3-4 Heavy Pike, sword Mêlée Close 4 Kern - 4-5 - Javelin, sword Skirmish Skirmish 10 Kern - 4-5 - Bow, sword Skirmish Skirmish 4 Kern - 4-5 - Two handed weapon Skirmish Skirmish 1 Kern - 4-5 - Arquebus, sword Shot/Sk Open/Skir 3 Palesmen - 3-4 Armoured Bill Mêlée Close 2 Palesmen - 4-5 Armoured Longbow, sword Shot Open 6 Redshanks - 3-5 - Longbow, sword Mêlée Open 2 Redshanks - 3-5 - Arquebus, sword Mêlée Open 5 Irish armies fought mainly defensive battles against the English and made great use of ambushes and hit-and-run tactics. Local knowledge of the country enabled Irish forces to move rapidly through difficult terrain to pick-off supply trains and harass lonely outposts. A favourite tactic was to place barriers such as felled trees across paths, to snag an English column and then launch simultaneous ambush attacks from covered positions all along the line. The list shown above can also be used for the private armies of the Old English lords, such as the Fitzgeralds and the Earls of Kildare, who employed Kern, Gallowglasses and any other units found on the list. By the end of the century, the Irish army, such as the one led by Hugh O Neill (Earl of Tyrone) developed into a more modern force employing troops armed and drilled in the current style with pike and arquebus beginning to replace bow and axe. Kern javelin or bowmen can be re-armed with pike or arquebus. Redshank & Highland Infantry These troops count as Impetuous. When they charge an enemy unit, they count their grade as one higher when testing to hit (but only in the round that they actually charged). However, Highland or Redshank infantry will test to stand as if one grade worse than listed when they are themselves charged. The Gallowglass Looking every part the medieval warrior, the mail armoured, axe wielding Gallowglass was a formidable fighter but they were becoming increasingly out of place as military techniques developed. When enemy Gallowglass units come into contact - this will count as bad war (see main Bad War rules). So determined in defence were these troops, they would continue to stand under heavy fire long after other troops would have withdrawn to cover. For this reason, Gallowglass units only test for morale when they receive 20% losses (and again after the next 20% losses) - rather than the usual ten percent of more sensible troops. Movement Irish troops made good use of their knowledge of local terrain and for that reason, skirmish troops are better able to move through difficult terrain. Rather than halting when contacting terrain features and moving using only the move die, these units will have their basic move reduced by half (and can also benefit from the move dice as well). For example, a unit of un-armoured Kern skirmishers would usually have a basic move of eight inches, when they move into rough terrain such as a wooded area, their basic move will become four inches and they are still entitled to a move die.
Elizabethan Wars Army Lists Elizabethan English Army Men at Arms - 3-4 Ex Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 1 Demi-Lances - 4-5 Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 4 Border Horse Raiders 4-5 Armoured Spear, crossbow Skirmish Open/Skirm 4 Burgundian Men at Arms - 3-4 Ex Heavy Lance, sword Galloper Open 3 Reiters - 4-5 Heavy Pistol, spear Caracole Open 3 Italian Mtd Arquebusiers - 4-5 Armoured Arquebus, sword Shot/Skr Open/Skirm 1 English Longbowmen - 4 Armoured Longbow, sword Shot Close 2 English Billmen - 3-4 Armoured Aquebus, sword Mêlée Open 3 English Shot - 4-5 - Arquebus, sword Shot Close 6 English Pikemen - 4-5 Armoured Pike Mêlée Open 10 Sword & Bucklermen Sword & Buck 3-4 Armoured Sword Mêlée Open/Skirm 1 Men-at-arms - 3 Heavy Two handed weapon Mêlée Close 2 Detached Shot - 3-5 - Arquebus, sword Shot Open/skirm 4 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Pike Mêlée Close 6 Landsknecht Infantry - 3-4 Armoured Halberd Mêlée Open/Close 1 Landsknecht Skirmish - 3-4 Armoured Crossbow, sword Skirmish Skirmish 2 Double-Pay Men Doppelsöldner 3-4 Armoured Two handed weapon Mêlée Open/Close 1 Italian Arquebusiers Aventuriers 4-5 Armoured Arquebus, sword Shot Open 3 Artillery - 4-5 - Any Shot Skirmish - The English army in the later half of the sixteenth century would usually be deployed in three divisions, the forward, main battle and rearward (the main battle being the largest with as much as double the manpower of the smaller divisions). Later in the period, these divisions would themselves be divided into three and were beginning to resemble the regiment sized units that became frequent in the next century. Infantry units would now be based around the pike, with supporting sleeves of shot, players can opt to equip their shot with muskets towards the end of the century. When serving in Ireland, the army also deployed small bodies of detached shot that were better able to operate in difficult terrain and were more effective at countering Irish skirmishers. Companies of veteran English troops withdrawn from the Netherlands proved to be best suited to this task.