Badminton World Federation Training manual for umpires Draft Copy January 2015 1
Table of contents Acknowledgements... 4 Preface... 5 Objectives of the training manual 6 Review of some of the rules and laws. 10 Marking the score-sheet..31 Vocabulary..45 Quiz..49 Scenarios for discussion.54 2
Sample of an assessment sheet..60 Sample for Record of work..61 Code of Ethics..62 Other instructions to umpires..72 Tips for umpires..81 Tips for service judges..110 Laws of badminton. Appendix A Vocabulary...Appendix B Recommendations to technical officials. Appendix C 3
Acknowledgements This training manual for umpires has been experimented with by BWF accredited umpires on many occasions when conducting courses or clinics at Continental and/or National levels. Supplementary materials shall be added to this training manual from time to time to serve the purpose of helping the many member Associations of the Badminton World Federation. Most of the pictures were taken from the internet or from the BWF website or at BWF events. Finally, it is in the best interest of BWF Continental technical chairs to use this training manual to near standardize the development of umpires all over the world. 4
Preface The training manual aims to improve the knowledge, the understanding, experience and vision of the umpire so that he/she can make accurate and fair decisions according to international standards. 5
Objectives of the training manual: 1. To develop a standardized umpires training manual that will serve as a guide or model for all Member Associations. 2. To provide printed material to be available to all potential umpires attending a course or clinic. 3. To improve the efficiency of umpires at the National, Continental and International levels. 4. To raise the performance level of national umpires who will then be able to perform at continental and possibly thereafter at international level. 6
Identification Each umpire introduces himself or herself, naming some recent events in which he/she has acted as badminton umpire or service judge. 7
Court Officials Equipment Stopwatch Coin for toss Clip board Measuring tape Score-sheet Yellow & red Cards Two pens Copy of the laws 8
Umpire s Levels Internationally, there is the BWF (Badminton World Federation). BWF have two levels of umpires: Accredited and Certificated. There are also two levels of umpires in all continental federations: e.g. BAC-C for Badminton Asia Confederation Certificated umpire BAC-A for Badminton Asia Confederation Accredited umpire BPAC-C for Badminton Pan American Confederation Certificated umpire BPAC-A for Badminton Pan American Confederation Accredited umpire BEC-U for Badminton Europe Continent - Umpire. BCA-C for Badminton Continent of Africa Certificated umpire BCA-A for Badminton Continent of Africa Accredited umpire BOC-C for Badminton Oceania Certificated umpire BOC-A for Badminton Oceania Accredited umpire Each country is responsible for its own level of officiating. 9
Review of some of the laws of badminton Toss / testing of the shuttle Service faults Service court errors Faults Lets Shuttle not in play Misconduct / Use of cards Intervals 10
Toss The toss should be done slightly inside (1 metre)from the net post closer to the Umpire s chair. 11
TESTING A SHUTTLE FOR SPEED To test a shuttle, a player shall use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines. 12
Shuttle testing 13
Service faults No undue delay to the delivery of the serve. Foot (no lifting or dragging) see page 16. Server and receiver not standing within diagonally opposite service courts or touching the boundary lines of these service courts. Server s racket not initially hit the base of the shuttle. Whole shuttle not below the server s waist at the instant of hitting the server s racket. 14
Service faults: - contd. Movement of server s racket not continuing forward. Shaft and racket head of the server s racket not pointing in a downward direction at instant of hitting. Law 9.1.7 During the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the movement of the server s racket does not continuously move forward. 15
Service faults: - contd. Laws 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 During the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3) the server and or the receiver are not standing within diagonally opposite service courts, if they are touching a boundary line of these service courts, or if one or both feet are not in contact with the service court, and in a stationary position until the service is delivered. 16
Service faults: - contd. Law 9.1.4 Initial point of contact of server s racket with the shuttle not on the base of the shuttle. 17
Service faults: - contd. Law 9.1.5 The whole shuttle at the instant of being hit by server s racket not below the server s waist. 18
Law 9.1.6 Service faults: - contd. At the instant of hitting the shuttle, the shaft and the racket head of the server s racket is not pointing in a downward direction. 19
Service court errors A service court error has been made when a player: - has served or received out of turn; or - has served or received from the wrong service court; - If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing score shall stand. 20
Faults It shall be a «fault»: if a service is not correct if, in service, the shuttle: is caught on the net and remains suspended its top; on after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or is hit by the receiver s partner; 21
if in play, the shuttle: Faults - Continued lands outside the boundaries of the court (i. e. not on or within the boundary lines); passes through or under the net; fails to pass over the net; touches the ceiling or side walls; touches the person or dress of a player; touches any other object or person outside the court; 22
Faults - Continued if in play, the shuttle: is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke; is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a «fault»; is hit by a player and the player s partner successively; or touches a player s racket and does not travel towards the opponent s court; 23
Faults - Continued if, in play, a player: touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress; invades an opponent s court over the net with racket or person except that the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker s side of the net; invades an opponent s court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted; or obstructs an opponent, e.g.: prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net; deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures; if a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law 16; 24
Lets It shall be a «let», if: the server serves before the receiver is ready (Law 9); During service, the receiver and the server are both faulted; After the service is returned, the shuttle is: -caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or -after passing over the net is caught in the net; During play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle; In the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach; A line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision; or Any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred. 25
Shuttle not in play A shuttle is not in play when: it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker s side of the net; it hits the surface of the court; or A «fault» or a «let» has occurred. 26
Misconduct / Use of coloured cards Friendly warning -Inappropriate behavior e.g.: delaying of game Yellow Card - Warning for misconduct Ex: hitting racket on the floor, fist pumping Red Card - Fault for misconduct Flagrant or persistent breach of Law 16.4, 16.5, 16.6 or breach of Law 16.2, etc.. Black Card - Disqualification following the Referee s decision 27
Warning for misconduct: error 28
Misconduct / Use of coloured cards Procedure for Warnings/Faults When a player s conduct has warranted an official warning or and official fault: Raise your yellow or red card above your head with your right arm and announce the player s name and say Warning or fault for misconduct. Then, insert W/F in the next available box in front of the appropriate player (see score-sheet example notes). After the match you need to record on the scoresheet why the warning or fault was given (see score-sheet as above). 29
Intervals times Not exceeding 60 seconds during each game when the leading score reaches 11 points (Law 16.2.1); Not exceeding 120 seconds between games (Law 16.2.2); After 40 seconds at 11 points interval (Law 16.2.1)and 100 seconds after a game interval have elapsed, call: [Court...] 20 seconds. Repeat the call. In the intervals, each side may be joined on the court by no more than two persons. These persons shall join the side at 11 points and after a game when the players have changed the ends, and shall leave the court when the umpire calls... 20 seconds. (RTTO 3.3.5 3.3.9) 30
Marking the score-sheet Pre-Match Details Score-sheet should be completed with the details of the match,before going on to the court. 31
Score-sheet sample 32
Preliminaries S, R server and receiver. Fill in when conducting toss, after the sides have exercised their choice. In singles mark server only. L, R Left side, right side where players start when viewed from the umpire s chair. Fill in when conducting toss, after the side has exercised its choice of the end. 0 mark zero to the initial server and initial receiver at the start of each game. Start time note the time when the umpire announces Play at the beginning of a match. 33
During Play Write the new score in the next available box, in the row of the next server s name. In doubles, the players of the receiving side shall not change their respective service courts until they win a point on their service. Thus, when a side loses the right to serve, the player who was serving at that time, shall continue to be in the same service court from where he last served, until his side gains right to serve again and wins a point. If the receiving side wins the point to make it service over, write their new score in the next available box. The last completed box is always the side serving. Score levelled at 20-all draw diagonal line on the next available box. 34
During Play - Continued The following letters or words are used on score-sheet: Warning (for misconduct) W Fault (for misconduct) F Referee called on court R Injury I Suspension S Retired Retired Disqualification by the Referee Disqualified Service court error corrected C Write appropriate details about the situations listed above at the bottom of the score-sheet. If the space is not sufficient, write on the back of the score-sheet. Make note on score-sheet to refer to back. 35
End of a Game Write and circle completed game score with a slash between the score. Fill in completed game score at top of the scoresheet. Note S and R for the next game, except in single matches where you note S for the server only. Mark in 0 to the initial server and initial receiver at the start of the next game. 36
End of Match Write and circle completed game score. Write scores in line with the corresponding players names. End time write the time the match ends, e.g. when Umpire calls game at the end of the game which decides the match. Fill in the completed game score at the top of the score-sheet. Circle name(s) of the player(s) of the winning side at the top of the score-sheet. 37
Post-Match Duration calculate and write duration of the match. Sign the completed score-sheet. Obtain counter-signature from the Referee and hand it over to match control. 38
Example of a score-sheet: Singles 39
Example of a score-sheet: Doubles 40
Example of a score-sheet: Retirement 41
Example of a score-sheet: notes 42
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Vocabulary 47
Summary of announcement Ladies and Gentlemen: on my right,... (player name),... (country name), and on my left,... (player name),... (country name); or on my right,... (player names),... (country name), and on my left.. (player names),... (country name) on my right,.. (country / team name), represented by.. (player name), and on my left,.. (country/team name), represented by.. (player name); or on my right,.. (country / team name), represented by.. (player names), and on my left,.. (country / team name), represented by.. (player names) (player name) to serve; or (country/team name) to serve; (player name) to serve to... (player name); (player name) to... (player name); 48
Start of match and calling the score Love all; play. Service over Interval... game point... e.g. 20 game point 6, or 29 game point 28... match point... e.g. 20 match point 8, or 29 match point 28... game point all e.g. 29 game point all First game won by... (in team event, use name of country / team)... (score) Court... (number) 20 seconds (repeat) Second game match point all e.g. 29 match point all Second game won by... (in team event, use name of country / team)... (score) One game all Final Game 49
End of Match Match won by... (name of player/team)... (scores)... (name of player/team) retired Match won by... (name of player/team)... (scores)... (name of player/team) disqualified Match won by... (name of player/team)... (scores) 50
Quiz : True or False The net is 1.55 metres high at the centre of the net. The umpire may disqualify a player for gross misconduct. In the third game of a match, players change ends at 11- all. The partner of the server in doubles can stand anywhere inside the court during serve. The receiver may stand on one foot to receive. The server must not serve until the receiver is ready. In singles, the player serving may do so from any side. In mixed doubles, the female player is always the 51 first to serve at the start of a match.
Answers : True or False The net is 1.55 metres high at the centre of the net. False (1.524) The umpire may disqualify a player for gross misconduct. False it is the referee In the third game of a match, players change ends at 11-all. False The partner of the server in doubles can stand anywhere inside the court during serve. False: cannot stand in front to obstruct view The receiver may stand on one foot to receive. False The server must not serve until the receiver is ready. True In singles, the player serving may do so from any side. False In mixed doubles, the female player is always the first to serve at the start of a match. False 52
Quiz : True or False: - contd. If a receiver misses a service, the partner may hit it. It is a fault during play when the shuttle touches a player s hair. After winning the toss, the player may only choose to serve or choose the side. The shuttle is still in play if it is caught up on top of the net. Players may be coached during the full 60 seconds at the 11 point interval. Both players on the receiving team may stand in the receiver s side during a serve. It is a let if the shuttle collapses on the floor after being 53 smashed.
Answers : True or False: - contd. If a receiver misses a service, the partner may hit it. False It is a fault during play when the shuttle touches a player s hair. True After winning the toss, the player may only choose to serve or choose the side. False may also choose not to serve The shuttle is still in play if it is caught up on top of the net. False on serve has to land inside receiver s court or it could be a let if not during service Players may be coached during the full 60 seconds at the 11 point interval. False 40 seconds Both players on the receiving team may stand in the receiver s side during a serve. True It is a let if the shuttle collapses on the floor after being smashed. False 54
Quiz : Choose the correct answer In doubles, one player breaks his/her racket during the rally, picks up another racket from their basket without asking permission of the umpire. Let Fault Play On On a deep clear shot, a player snaps his/her Achilles tendon and falls on the floor in pain while the shuttle continue its flight. Let Fault Play On 55
Quiz : Choose the correct answer A partner in doubles fakes a swing and the racket head goes over the net into the opponent s side of the court on the follow through. Let Fault Play On In the middle of a rally, there is an electrical power failure (lights) Let Fault Play On 56
Quiz : Choose the correct answer On a cross court net shot, the receiver hits the shuttle which curves around and outside the post and goes towards the inside back line. Let Fault Play On 57
Scenarios for discussion: 1. During a ladies doubles match, both sides are in the wrong position at the start of a rally. You realize the error as the shuttle is in play. What is your decision? 2. During a match a player s nose starts bleeding and he/she asks the umpire if they can get treatment. What would you do? 3. Following this the player returns to the game and after two (2) minutes of play, his/her nose starts bleeding again. What is your decision? 4. In the middle of a game, a player does not agree with the speed of the shuttle. What is your decision? 58
Scenarios for discussion: - contd. 5. In the middle of a game a player does not agree with the shuttle being used; the umpire looks at the shuttle and informs the player that it is correct. When the next rally is over, the same player picks up the shuttle and squeezes it with his/her thumb to make it impossible to play with. What is your decision? 6. In the middle of a game a player approaches you and tells you he/she needs to go to the toilet urgently. What is your decision? 7. During play a player's contact lens pops out of his/her eye and is lost somewhere on the court. Play is suspended whilst they look for the lens. After about two (2) minutes it is found but it is damaged. The player calls for another which is not readily available. What would your decision be? 59
Scenarios for discussion: - contd. 8. During a doubles match both players clash rackets going for the same shot and player A breaks the head off his racket. The shuttle is returned back from the opponent to player A who hits the shuttle with the broken racket over the net winning the rally. Do you allow this point or not? 9. During a long match you notice that player A is walking around the court before starting to serve. What is your course of action at this stage? About 5 minutes later the same player does this again. What is your course of action now? 60
Scenarios for discussion: - contd. 10. A shuttle flies past player A and touches his/her shirt but the umpire is unsighted. The rally continues and eventually player A wins the point. Player B appeals - What is your decision? 11. Both server and receiver are faulted together in a doubles match. Player A appeals to the umpire that the receiver moved first before they were faulted by the service judge. What is your decision? 12. Throughout a match you feel that player B is not really trying. What would your course of action be? 61
Scenarios for discussion: - contd. 13. A match is one game all. At 100 seconds during the interval, one player asks if he/she can go to get a racket in his/her locker. What is your decision? 14. Player A is about to serve when player B holds up his/her hand to say he/she is not ready. Player A serves, player B makes a good return and wins the point. Player A appeals to the umpire that player B distracted them by putting up their hand. What is your decision? 15. A receiver is losing his/her balance when the server is just about to serve. Seeing this the server quickly serves while the receiver falls down not trying to hit the shuttle. What is your decision? 62
Scenarios for discussion: - contd. 16. The opposition claims that one of the players on the other side touched the net during a rally. You did not see it and award the point to the other side. The opposition is very annoyed and asks the umpire to call for the referee. What do you do? 17. A fire alarm rings when you are the umpire on a court. Do you let the rally finish? What do you do? The referee then announces that everyone has to leave the facility. What is your announcement and what do you do? 18. A server is just about to serve and you observe that his/her shoe lace is touching the centre line. What do you do? 63
Sample of an ASSESSMENT SHEET (for each match) Name: Date: Tournament: Event: Match Preparation Needs improvement Good Excellent - Scoring device - Marching on court - Meeting players toss - Sitting position - Introduction of the match Announcement of Match/Game - Calling of scores clear and loud - Correct use of the terminology Court Management (80%) - Alert and consistent in decision making - Consistent in calling all type of faults and or lets - Application of the Laws and RTTO s - Communicate effectively with players and other officials - Able to correct an error and recover from it - Eye contact with SJ. - Eye contact with LJ. - Handling of coaching/coaches - Handling of misconduct - Enforcement of intervals and other timekeeping of stopwatch - Overall control of match Conclusion of Match (5%) - Final announcement - Completion of score-sheet/ - Making note of incidents Service Judging (100%) - Consistent in calling service faults - Acting as back up for umpire - Concentration: eg. Calling faults, dishing out shuttles, etc. Comments: 64
Sample for Record of work for 2014 65
Sample for Record of work for 2015 66
Code of Ethics 1. The purpose of the code is: To ensure and maintain an orderly and impartial decision on the conduct of umpires at sanctioned events and also to protect the umpires rights. To uphold the integrity of the sport of badminton throughout the world. 67
2. Applicability Code of Ethics: - contd. This code is applicable to all badminton events and to all the umpires participating in these events. Any umpire who commits any offence shall be deemed to have breached this code. Breaches of the code constitute the basis for disciplinary action against the umpire. 68
Code of Ethics: - contd. 3. An UMPIRE must: Be honest, consistent, objective, impartial and courteous when enforcing the rules of the games. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of all involved, regardless of gender, abilities or cultural backgrounds. 69
Code of Ethics: - contd. Take reasonable measures to protect both players, their safety and safeguard the welfare of the players. Provide leadership and guidance to participants, ensuring that the competition is conducted in a safe and fair manner. 70
Code of Ethics: - contd. Portray officiating in a positive, professional and respected manner. Enrich yourself with updated knowledge of the rules of the game, trends and principles of their application. Adopt a healthy lifestyle and maintain both physical and mental fitness. Be a role model in behavior, communication and personal appearance. 71
Code of Ethics: - contd. 4. Umpire s Commitment off the court: An umpire who accepts an invitation to participate at an event should not withdraw from the event without any valid reason (injury, illness or emergency situation) An umpire must attend all briefings and shall not be late for any of them. An umpire should try to help and support other umpires. 72
Code of Ethics: - contd. An umpire shall not fraternise with the players. An umpire should avoid exchanging t-shirts or pins with players to gain personal satisfaction. An umpire shall wear proper appropriate umpire clothing (Black trousers/skirts, black shoes, socks and appropriate umpire shirt). An umpire shall be impartial on the chair as well as when off duty on the site of the competition venue. 73
Code of Ethics: - contd. An umpire may use a camera with no flash when off-duty. If the umpire needs a bathroom break or to be absent, he or she must advise the referee. An umpire shall not criticize the decision of the Referee (e.g.: not being appointed to a final) 74
Code of Ethics: - contd. 5. Unsportsmanlike misconduct Conducting oneself in a manner that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the sport. An umpire should avoid inappropriate conduct and use of gross language or oral abuse. An umpire should avoid any inappropriate behaviour towards others, including harassment. 75
Badminton World Federation Thanks to all the umpires Have a great experience on the chair!!! 76
Other Instruction to Umpires: Match Preparation: 1. Revise the Laws and Tournament playing regulations beforehand. 2. Check court surroundings; e.g. obstacles-play a let or not? 3. Carry out your pre-match duties have a checklist to which you can refer. 4. Liaison with players friendly, relaxed and efficient. 77
Other Instructions to Umpires During the Match: 1.Be alert and mentally prepared it is not only what happens but the effect it has or may have on the play that s important. 2.Your mental state governs your physical state, so educate yourself to be positive 3.Be pleasantly worried you ll be surprised at the control you have. Tired umpires are inefficient umpires 78
Other Instructions to Umpires During the match: 4.Request and get the correct conduct as befitting badminton players. You set the standards and give the players the responsibility of carrying them out. 5.If a scorer is available be sure that the score is put up after you have called it. 6.Acknowledgement to all officials on your court and players, specially when request to change shuttle is asked. 79
Check on the following situations: Coaching during rally Delay by players Mopping court Feathers on court Correct sides in doubles Interval breaks Shuttle tampering Clothing code Camera flashes 80
Check on the following situations: Injuries: Stop play Start stopwatch Call for referee who can call the doctor Note score and time of injury If player retired, inform about the outcome Note injury and player on scoresheet 81
Check on the following situations Routine: Call score promptly and correctly Focus on receiver but have server in sight Keep regular eye contact with service judge Check surrounds of court 82
Check on the following situations Handling of disputes: Handle them promptly, firmly and confidently Do not allow any player to gain an unfair advantage Keep players and officials informed Relations with players: Courteous, fair, firm and friendly Encourage fair play Gain players respect 83
Check on the following situations Overruling a line call: React quickly Correct announcement e.g. Shuttle lands out line judge signals <IN>. Umpire immediately after seeing the line judge signalling <IN> calls: <CORECTION OUT> and announce score or service over and score, if appropriate 84
APPENDIX BWF Laws and Regulations Part II Section 1A Laws of Badminton Part II Section 1B Appendix 4 Vocabulary Part II Section 2 RTTO 85