Diving into STEM with Oceanic Research Group Secondary Unit: Teaching STEM with Sharks Introductory Lesson: Teacher Resources Concepts: Ocean Areas, Categories of Ocean Creatures, Food Webs, Adaptations, Boat & Scuba Diving terminology Grade Level: 9 Estimated Time: Afterschool: 15 hours Classroom: 5 hours Overview: Dive into STEM by first learning about the ocean, its inhabitants and ways people explore it. Online Resources: Wonders of the Sea http://www.oceanicresearch.org/education/wonders/lesson Tools of the Trade - http://www.blueworldtv.com/webisodes/extras Introduction to the host of Jonathan Bird s Blue World and Oceanic Research Group Jonathan Bird fell in love with the ocean in the 1980s when he learned to dive in college. Already an avid photographer, he combined scuba diving and photography to create what would eventually become not only his passion, but his profession. Although Jonathan has had a few close calls with dangerous animals like sharks, his worst underwater injuries have come from pointy sea urchins and crown-of-thorn sea stars. He was once head-butted by an angry dolphin. None of these things have dampened his enthusiasm for the excitement of underwater exploration. He has traveled around the world to film underwater in places such as the cold waters of Antarctica, the warm waters of Micronesia and even a swimming pool at NASA s Johnson Space Center. Jonathan is an Emmy Award-winning underwater cinematographer and producer, president of the nonprofit organization Oceanic Research Group as well as a widely published author, award-winning assignment cinematographer, photographer and speaker. He is the author of 7 books, and director of over 20 films. Oceanic Research Group is a nonprofit organization founded by Jonathan Bird in 1991. It creates videos that are both entertaining and educational to help increase awareness of the ocean to help protect it. In 2008, Oceanic Research Group launched the Emmy Award winning public television series, Jonathan Bird s Blue World (http://www.blueworldtv. com/), which has been broadcast continually since then with four seasons released. With partial support from the National Science Foundation, STEM focused educational resources were created to accompany the Blue World videos in classroom teaching. Other projects of Oceanic Research Group are Shark Academy (http://www.oceanicresearch. org/education/shark-academy/shark-academy.html) and Wonders of the Sea (http://www.oceanicresearch.org/ education/wonders/lesson.html). Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 1 This Introductory Lesson weaves together the different educational resources of Oceanic Research Group to provide students with a foundation for learning about the ocean and its inhabitants. Dive in and see what lies beneath the surface of the water! Objectives Introduce students to the realms of the ocean Introduce students to creatures and food webs in the ocean Introduce students to vocabulary related to boats and scuba diving Discuss adaptations that ocean animals have made for survival NGSS and Common Core Standards Next Generation Science Standards Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity Common Core Standards Language Standards 6-12 Reading Standards for Literature 6-12 Reading Standards for Informational Text 6-12 Speaking and Listening Standards 6-12 Writing Standards 6-12
VOCABULARY Introductory Lesson: Teacher Answer Key Directions: Find a picture or a synonym (similar word) for each of the Scientific Vocabulary words. Use a dictionary, thesaurus, internet, or any other resource available to you. Scientific Vocabulary HYPOTHESIS - a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences THEORY - an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or proven to be true DISCOVERY - the act of finding or learning something for the first time RESEARCH - careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something EXPEDITION - a journey especially by a group of people for a specific purpose (such as to explore a distant place or to do research) INVESTIGATE -to try to find out the facts about (something, such as a crime or an accident) in order to learn how it happened, who did it, etc. GATHER - to choose and collect (things) FIRSTHAND - coming directly from actually experiencing or seeing something PROOF - something which shows that something else is true or correct EQUIPMENT - supplies or tools needed for a special purpose TEST - a critical examination, observation, or evaluation APPARATUS - a tool or piece of equipment used for specific activities GEAR - supplies, tools, or clothes needed for a special purpose ATTEMPT - to try to do (something) : to try to accomplish or complete (something) GUESS - to give an answer about something when you do not know much or anything about it Ocean Vocabulary COAST - the land along or near a sea or ocean COASTAL OCEAN - The coastal ocean is the portion of the global ocean where physical, biological and biogeochemical processes are directly affected by land. INTERTIDAL ZONE - the area of the shore that is between the low point and the high point of the tide PELAGIC - of, relating to, or living or occurring in the open sea BENTHIC -of, relating to, or occurring at the bottom of a body of water CONTINENTAL SHELF - the part of a continent that lies under the ocean and slopes down to the ocean floor SUNLIGHT ZONE (PHOTIC ZONE)- the upper layer of a body of water delineated by the depth to which enough sunlight can penetrate to permit photosynthesis. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS - a fissure in the ocean floor from which mineral-rich superheated water issues PHOTOSYNTHESIS - the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light CURRENT - a continuous movement of water or air in the same direction Boat Vocabulary BOW - the front part of a boat or ship STERN - the back part of a boat or ship STARBOARD - the side of a ship or aircraft that is on the right when you are looking toward the front PORT - the side of a ship or aircraft that is on the left when you are looking toward the front BRIDGE - the place on a ship where the ship is steered GALLEY - the kitchen of a ship or airplane Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 5
VOCABULARY Introductory Lesson: Teacher Answer Key (continued) Scuba Vocabulary SCUBA DIVING - a sport or activity in which you swim underwater using an air tank and a special breathing machine that you strap on your body SNORKEL - a special tube that makes it possible to breathe while you are swimming with your head underwater MASK - a covering used to protect your face or cover your mouth BUOYANCY COMPENSATOR - an inflatable vest used to control one s buoyancy underwater or to rest at the surface FINS - a thin flat part that sticks out from the body of a fish and is used in moving or guiding the fish through water REGULATOR - a device for controlling the level or amount of something (such as speed or pressure) DRY SUIT - A dry suit is used in cold water and provides thermal insulation and prevents water from entering the suit. WETSUIT - a piece of clothing that is made of rubber and that is worn by swimmers, divers, etc., when they are in cold water in order to keep their bodies warm TANK - a container for holding a liquid or gas WEIGHTS - a heavy object that is used to press something down or to or hold something in place CHAIN MAIL SUIT - a kind of protective clothing (called armor) that is made up of many tiny metal rings that are linked together and that was worn by knights and soldiers in the Middle Ages and is also used to protect against shark bites DIVE COMPUTER - A dive computer, is a device used by an underwater diver to measure the time and depth of a dive so that a safe ascent profile can be calculated and displayed so that the diver can avoid decompression sickness. Ocean Creatures Vocabulary SEA TURTLE - a type of large turtle that lives in the sea MANTA RAY - extremely large rays that are widely distributed in warm seas and have enlarged pectoral fins resembling wings ANTHIAS - A genus of brilliantly colored fishes found in warm seas WHALE - an often very large animal that lives in the ocean and that is a mammal rather than a fish JELLY FISH - a free-swimming marine animal with a nearly transparent saucer-shaped body and extensible tentacles studded with stinging cells called nematocysts SHARK -Sharks are a group of fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. DOLPHIN - any of various small marine toothed whales (family Delphinidae) with the snout more or less elongated into a beak and the neck vertebrae partially fused SHRIMP - any of numerous mostly small and marine crustaceans having a slender elongated body, a compressed abdomen, and a long spiny rostrum and including some that are commercially important as food CLEANER WRASSE - any of a large family of elongate usually brilliantly colored marine bony fishes that usually bury themselves in sand at night and include important food fishes as well as a number of popular aquarium fishes; some eat parasites off other fish PIPEFISH - any of various fishes that are related to the sea horses and have a tube-shaped snout and a long slender body covered with bony plates SEAHORSE - a small fish that has a head that looks like a horse s head and that swims with its head above its body and tail OCTOPUS - cephalopod mollusks that have eight muscular arms equipped with two rows of suckers BARRACUDA - a kind of fierce tropical fish that has strong jaws and sharp teeth CORAL REEF - a ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of coral. SPONGE - a marine invertebrate animal filter feeder with an internal skeleton that is able when wetted to absorb water SHELL -a hard rigid usually largely calcareous covering or support of an animal SEA STAR - any of a class of echinoderms that have a body of usually five arms radially arranged about a central disk and feed largely on mollusks CRAB - a sea animal that has a hard shell, eight legs, and two large claws HERMIT CRAB - a type of crab that lives in the empty shell of another animal Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 6
Vocabulary Bingo: Introductory Lesson - Scientific and Ocean Vocabulary Write one word from the list below in each of the 25 boxes in whatever sequence you desire. Do not repeat words, and do not leave any spaces blank. The instructor will read definitions in sequence. Place the number of the definition in the box with the associated term. When you have five in a row, shout, Bingo! a. COAST b. BENTHIC c. PROOF d. GEAR e. TEST f. CURRENT g. HYPOTHESIS h. THEORY i. DISCOVERY j. APPARATUS k. GUESS l. INVESTIGATE m. RESEARCH n. EXPEDITION o. EQUIPMENT p. GATHER q. PELAGIC r. ATTEMPT s. CONTINENTAL SHELF t. INTERTIDAL ZONE u. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS v. COASTAL OCEAN w. PHOTOSYNTHESIS x. FIRSTHAND y. SUNLIGHT ZONE (PHOTIC ZONE) Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 7
Vocabulary Bingo: Introductory Lesson - Definitions 1. HYPOTHESIS - a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences 2. INVESTIGATE -to try to find out the facts about (something, such as a crime or an accident) in order to learn how it happened, who did it, etc. 3. GATHER - to choose and collect (things) 4. FIRSTHAND - coming directly from actually experiencing or seeing something 5. INTERTIDAL ZONE - the area of the shore that is between the low point and the high point of the tide 6. PELAGIC - of, relating to, or living or occurring in the open sea 7. BENTHIC -of, relating to, or occurring at the bottom of a body of water 8. CONTINENTAL SHELF - the part of a continent that lies under the ocean and slopes down to the ocean floor 9. THEORY - an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or proven to be true 10. DISCOVERY - the act of finding or learning something for the first time 11. RESEARCH - careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something 12. EXPEDITION - a journey especially by a group of people for a specific purpose (such as to explore a distant place or to do research) 13. SUNLIGHT ZONE (PHOTIC ZONE)- the upper layer of a body of water delineated by the depth to which enough sunlight can penetrate to permit photosynthesis. 14. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS - a fissure in the ocean floor from which mineral-rich superheated water issues 15. PHOTOSYNTHESIS - the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light 16. CURRENT - a continuous movement of water or air in the same direction 17. PROOF - something which shows that something else is true or correct 18. EQUIPMENT - supplies or tools needed for a special purpose 19. TEST - a critical examination, observation, or evaluation 20. APPARATUS - a tool or piece of equipment used for specific activities 21. GEAR - supplies, tools, or clothes needed for a special purpose 22. GUESS - to give an answer about something when you do not know much or anything about it 23. COAST - the land along or near a sea or ocean 24. COASTAL OCEAN - The coastal ocean is the portion of the global ocean where physical, biological and biogeochemical processes are directly affected by land. 25. ATTEMPT - to try to do (something) : to try to accomplish or complete (something) Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 8
Word Search: Diver and Boat Vocabulary BOW BRIDGE BUOYANCY COMPENSATOR CHAIN MAIL SUIT DIVE COMPUTER DRY SUIT FINS GALLEY MASK Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 9 PORT REGULATOR SCUBA DIVING SNORKEL STARBOARD STERN TANK WEIGHTS WET SUIT
Ocean Creatures Diagram Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 19
Ocean Creatures Diagram: Answer Key Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 20
Scuba Diver Diagram Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 21
Scuba Diver Diagram: Answer Key Fins Compensator Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 22
Ocean Realms Diagram High Tide Low Tide Pelagic Zone Intertidal Zone Continental Shelf Sunlight Zone (Photic Zone) 200m Twilight Benthic Zone 1000m to 4000m No light 6000 to 10,000m Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 23
Boat Diagram Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 24
Boat Diagram: Answer Key Secondary Unit - Introduction: Teacher Resources - Page 25