Presentation Outline The Case for Fish Passage Traditional Modifications The Case for Public Safety Cutting Edge Modifications
The Case for Improving Fish Passage
American Shad (Indicator Species) Blueback Herring Hickory Shad Striped Bass Alewife American Eel
Cooperstown New York NY PA PA MD
Susquehanna Flats, MD, around 1899
NY PA PA MD
Dams on the Susquehanna River Below Sunbury, PA NY PA Sunbury, PA York Haven Dam Safe Harbor Dam Holtwood Dam PA Conowingo Dam MD
Fairmount Dam 13
Flat Rock Dam 14
15
Norristown Dam 16
Black Rock Dam 17
Traditional Modifications to Improve Fish Passage
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NY PA PA MD
New ADA Accessible Fishing Wharf Conowingo Dam, MD Exelon Power - 2009
Trap and Transfer Construct special circular flow hauling tanks with aeration
Dams on the Susquehanna River Below Sunbury, PA NY PA Sunbury, PA York Haven Dam Safe Harbor Dam Holtwood Dam PA Conowingo Dam MD
Fairmount Dam 36
Source: Joseph A Perillo Jr.
Plan Attraction Flow Fish Attraction Flow Profile Flow
Source: Joseph A Perillo Jr. 49
51
Flat Rock Dam 54
Fish Ladder at Flat Rock Dam 55
57
61
Norristown Dam 62
63
Norristown Dam 64
65
66
Denil Type Fishway
70
71
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76
77
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94
Black Rock Dam 96
Denil Fishway at Black Rock Dam Exelon Power 2009
The Case for Improving Public Safety
Documented Drownings at Low Head Dams in U.S. and Virginia (1960s-Aug 2010) 70 60 Tschantz - 2011 Note: Data excludes approx. 12 deaths at Drayton Dam on the Red River since constructed in 1964 and excludes approx. 14 deaths at Williams Z-Dam prior to 1983. 68 50 47 No. Death hs 40 30 22 23 U.S. (204) Virginia (14) 20 17 10 13 10 7 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 0 103 Slide courtesy of Dr. Bruce Tschantz, University of Tennessee
WA Drownings at Low-Head Dams State distribution of 204 drownings: 1960s - Aug 2010 MT ND MN ME OR ID WY SD WI MI NY VT NH MA CT RI CA NV UT CO NE KS IA MO IL IN KY OH WV PA VA MD NJ DE TN NC AZ NM OK AR SC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL HI Range of state drownings 1 death (8) 2 to 10 (15) 11 to 20 (5) 21 or more (2) No documented incidents (20) Slide courtesy of Dr. Bruce Tschantz, University of Tennessee 104
Aug. 31, 2006 Chicago Tribune South Island Dam claimed between 15 and 20 lives on the Kankakee River during the last 25 years. That makes it as infamous as Midtown Dam on the Red River in Fargo, N.D. where 19 drowned and Glen D. Palmer Dam on the Fox River where at least 18 have died since 1960, including three in May
Hydraulic Roller Highland Dam, WV, Feb. 27, 2000 Father, daughter & friend drowned d Source: Hans Leutheusser, Drownproofing of Low Overflow Structures, 1991 when canoe was carried to the dam by the hydraulic roller
Source: Public Safety at Low Head Dams, Kenneth Wright et. Al. ASDSO Conference, September 9, 2003 Minneapolis, MN
17 Drownings in past 20 years Play Video Clip Prepared by WGAL News
Traditional Modifications to Improve Public Safety
Some Make Sense to Breach
Dam Removal Permanent Public Support Reservoir Sediment Environmental Impacts Channel/Site Restoration
Hartland Dam, West Fork River Clarksburg, WV
Hartland Dam, West Fork River Clarksburg, WV
Hartland Dam, West Fork River Clarksburg, WV
Two Lick Dam West Fork River Clarksburg, WV
Two Lick Dam, West Fork River Clarksburg, WV Video courtesy of Delbert Shriver, P.E. WV DEP
After Before Constructed 1995 Island Farm Dam on Raritan River, NJ (Modified in 1998 after 4 drownings in 3 years after constructed)
Redbank Dam New Bethlehem, PA
Redbank Dam, New Bethlehem, PA
Redbank Dam New Bethlehem, PA
Redbank Dam New Bethlehem, PA
Redbank Dam New Bethlehem, PA
Cutting Edge Modifications to Improve Public Safety & Provide Fish Passage
Dr. Luther Aadland MN DNR
Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Fish Passage Philosophy 1. Accommodate all migrating species all of the time including reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and invertebrates 2. Provide quality aquatic habitat 3. No operation or maintenance 4. Emulates and functions as river habitat 5. Large enough to prevent bottlenecks, elevated predation losses and disease transmission Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Riverside Dam Dam hydraulic height: 13 feet Cost: $4.7 Million; 80,000 tons fieldstone Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Riverside Dam Dam hydraulic height: 13 feet Cost: $4.7 Million; 80,000 tons fieldstone Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Riverside Rapids 8500 cfs 4190 cfs Slide Courtesy of 3370 Dr. Luther cfs Aadland 2260 cfs
Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
ROCK ARCH RAPIDS 3% slope l 3-6 FIELD STONE (for weirs) 1-3 FIELD STONE ((depending p g on shear stress)) 5% slope Fieldstone or waste concrete sub-base DAM CREST 1 6 COBBLE (for filling void near crest) 3% slope 0.8 head loss per weir Minimum tailwater stage DAM Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland Designed by Luther Aadland FLOW
Midtown Rapids Dam hydraulic height: 10 feet Cost: $230,000; 6,083 tons fieldstone Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Midtown Rapids Dam hydraulic height: 10 feet Cost: $230,000; 6,083 tons fieldstone Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
CROOKSTON DAM - RED LAKE RIVER Before After Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
CROOKSTON RAPIDS Dam maximum head loss 11 feet 48,500 tons waste concrete & fieldstone Cost: $1.3 million Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Passage Observations Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Slide Courtesy of Dr. Luther Aadland
Dams on the Susquehanna River Below Sunbury, PA NY PA Sunbury, PA York Haven Dam Safe Harbor Dam Holtwood Dam PA Conowingo Dam MD
Nature-Like Fish Passageway at Fabridam, Shikellamy State Park Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania