Kadochnikov System International Association Stage IV. Release from holds Special methods that are used to develop skills, which are necessary for getting free from any hold www.kadochnikovsystem.com
Stage IV. Release from holds Special methods that are used to develop skills, which are necessary for getting free from any hold In the structure of fighting interaction, holds are one of the most frequently used elements. Holds have a considerable number of purposes: they may be used for the limitation of an opponent s movements, for the control over his/her body, as the initial stage of a throw, knocking down, as well as in case of disarmament, tying or performing a painful impact. That s why an effective skill of releasing oneself from an opponent s holds is an indispensable requirement for short-range fighting or for personal self-defense. In this case we should consider at least two aspects of approaches to the reaction to holds: In the first case it s a striving to release from a hold (to release a held extremity or a part of the body), to restore the mobility and freedom of actions, to neutralize the possible painful (stifling, fixing) influence; In the second case it s the use of existing biomechanical system of two bodies for your own purposes. From the point of view of the human body mechanics, a hold is an external link that limits the number of degrees of the freedom of a human body. A human body is a complex biomechanical construction with 44 degrees of freedom. Though, performing a hold, an opponent limits his/her own degrees of freedom as well. The hold results in forming of biomechanical system of two bodies, each of them has opposite tasks in the frame of the formed system.
A person performing a hold tries to limit the movability of the opponent by means of force, to unbalance his/her construction, to destroy the stability and, eventually, to bring the rival to a helpless state. A held person, through the given connection, using the efforts applied by the rival, also strives to unbalance his/her system, to destroy stability, to break the hold and to defeat the attacker. The winner is the one who will succeed eventually in keeping his/her own stability either by not letting the opponent to destroy it, or by restoring it by means of using the existing constitution of the rival. We should pay attention to such a property of bound bodies as the strength of hold. This property presupposes that any movement of an element of the first bound body will affect in some form the element of the second one. That s why in the work with releases from a hold, the main attention is paid to working with your own body, not to the direct influence on your opponent s body. Though, the experience shows that the majority of trainees at the initial stages don t regard the system of two bodies (his/her own and the body of the opponent) as an object of influence. They try to fight against the hold itself, instinctively narrowing this process to the fighting against the hand, which performs the hold. We must stop this mistake at once! There s a great number of possible holds and variations of actions with their use or their breaking. Some holds are safer and require serious efforts in their neutralization; others are wittingly irrational and may cause injuries to the person who performs the hold because of their use. It s impossible to enumerate all the variations. The most rational way is to consider general principles of release from
holds (i.e. working immediately against the hold or its use in your own purposes) and some variations of the further actions. All holds according to their character and functions are divided into: Fixing holds; Painful holds; Stifling holds. The holds themselves and the ways of reaction to them are built accordingly to the function. For the effective reaction to the holds, it s necessary to apply all three types of levers (levers of I, II and III kinds), as well as the principle «a pair of forces», to know the placement of the pressure points and zones of active destruction of the opponent s body of different constitution. It s necessary to understand directions and points of efforts application which allow to pull the joints (first of all large arm joints) from the joint pouch, to understand how the degrees of freedom of a hold extremity are limited by the use of different levers. The knowledge must go through the physically difficult stage of developing to become a skill in its material expression. This work requires time. To become a skill, habits must ripen. It s the combination of knowledge and skills that forms the ideal of individuality of the safe type, the forming of which must be our purpose. In a methodological sense, it s reasonable to begin with the working with a technique and ways of releasing from the simplest holds to the arms: two hands to two wrists, one hand to a wrist, two hands to one forearm. From the very first trainings, the attention should be paid to avoiding the tiniest element of the
show in holds and to understanding the possible developing the actions of the attacking person in every case of hold application. For example, the logical and real continuation of the hold to two wrists is the following strike with a knee to the groin combined with pulling effort of the arms. In every single case the attention should be paid to the mechanics of release, in the proper application of the levers, i.e. you should know the placement of the supporting point in the hold of the opponent, the points of force application, the arm of every applied force, their vectors. For example, in the case of hold to the wrists, to unbalance the rival, you have to involve him/her in the movement by turning your body combining it with the sitting down to a necessary level. The direction, the angle of turning and the level of sitting down should be chosen depending on the opponent s hold, distance to him/her, the position of the bodies and difference in constitutions. После того, как освоены захваты и освобождения от них в статическом положении, необходимо сразу переходить на отработку учебного раздела в динамическом варианте, отводя на каждом занятии время для закрепления навыка методами «потока» и круговым способом. Simultaneously with this movement it s necessary to hold the holding arm of the opponent (in this case it s the wrist) and switch off all degrees of freedom in the sections of this arm (wrist forearm shoulder) by means of pulling the joints from the joint connections and twisting them (wrist elbow joint shoulder pouch). An important moment in this action is to keep the stability and geometry of your own stance. Thanks to the stable position
and to the proper use of the movements of your own center of gravity, you can spend your energy effectively, doing the general bulk of the work by the proper use of the weight, but not by the power of the arms and muscles of the shoulder girdle. In this case the main work is done by the force of gravity which is your ally then. It s necessary to cooperate with the forces of the Nature, not to oppose them. It s important to understand the practical use of the principle «a pair of forces», which forms an additional torsion moment and eventually overturns the rival. The obligatory requirement in the mastering of this section: initially the holds must be made loosely to give your partner a chance to feel the proper direction of efforts application in the control over the opponent s body and to help him to understand the application of the laws of mechanics during the releasing from holds. The trainees must not go to extremes-to yield to an opponent, fall after a slightest push or remove a hold after the first movement of a partner. It s necessary to work with every type of a hold not more than 5-7 times to exclude the possibility of forming string dynamic stereotype. As you are becoming more confident in this material, more real holds must be introduced into your training process (to the arms, clothes, head, hair, torso, etc.). In such a training session you should work with all types of holds: with fixing, painful and stifling ones. When the holds and releases from holds are mastered in a static position, it s necessary to pass immediately to the work with the material from this section in the dynamic variation. During every training some time should be paid to perfecting the skill by the use of the «flow» and «circle» methods.
Moreover, after several initial trainings, it s reasonable to introduce several additional tactical requirements: to influence the pain zones and points or to perform psychological influence. Such an influence must be based on one of the basic tactical rules: before starting to release, you should distract your rival s attention by some diversionary blow or jamming, scream or other action. During the performance of holds and releases from holds the influence on the pain zones and points must be short-termed and soft. The efficiency of such influence must be estimated on the basis of painful feelings of the partner. It s methodologically advisable to signalize the appearing of the painful feelings by the partner himself/herself, but not earlier than these feelings come to the pain threshold. In case of actions against the hold, it s reasonable to consider local actions, e.g. holds to wrists. The most essential point here is to divide the holding force into constituent parts. As a result of such a division, we ll get two conditions which play a very important role it s the direction and the magnitude of the holding force. The further movement will depend on the position of the arms in the space and will be directed to the restriction of the movements of the elbow and the shoulder joints of the rival. In this respect, the work against the hold to the wrist is a very illustrative example. The work to release the arm from this hold begins with the forming of a punch, which is then a point of support during the breaking of the hold. In a slightly loose hold a forearm (which presents in its section not a circle, but on oval) turns, making the hold even looser. Then we see a release. At the next stage of training, we add the work of the body to the basic principles of working of the arms. As you see from this description, the release from holds is
regarded both locally (as the action against the fingers and hand which perform the hold) and globally (as a combined action of the system of two bodies). The trainees often focus their attention on one of the aspects of action, forgetting the other one or not understanding, that both aspects are the essential parts of the work. The excessive attention paid to one of the aspects and ignoring the other one leads to the defective and ineffective work.
The Basic Hand Positions for Performing Escapes The hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by tipping the opponent over. I 3 4 5
The left hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by tipping the opponent over. II III The right hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by tipping the opponent over. 3
The hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by a strike preparation IV 3 The hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by locking the opponent s left thumb V
3 4 5 The hand position while performing a wrist escape followed by a strike preparation (type ) VI
3 4 VII The hand position while performing a choke escape followed by tipping the opponent over (type ) 3 4
VIII The hand position while performing a choke escape followed by a strike preparation. 3 4 5 6
7 IX The hand position while performing a choke escape followed by locking the opponent s right thumb 3 4
Test questions and tasks. What are the main purposes of holds?. What is a hold from the point of view of biomechanics? 3. What is the most important aspect to be focused on during the releasing from a hold the direct influence on the rival s body or the work with your own body? 4. What are the types of holds according to their character and functions? 5. What should you know to react effectively to any type of holds?
6. What is the required influence on the pain zones and points in the work with a partner? 7. Master the performance of the main types of releases from holds: to two hands, to the neck (from the front and from the back), to lapels, etc.