CS-300 Confined Space Rescue Training and Assessment Strategy Includes unit of competency PUASAR025A Undertake Confined Space Rescue. Version 1.0
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Table of Contents Purpose 4 Vocational Target 4 Delivery Mode 4 Assessment Requirements 4 Award and Recognition 4 Prerequisites 4 Fitness Requirements 5 Clothing Requirements 5 Trainer Competencies 5 Lesson Plan Undertake Confined Space Rescue 6 Preamble 6 Prepare for Rescue 6 Managing the Scene 9 Conducting the Rescue 12 Conclude Rescue Operations 13 TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 3 of 14
Purpose This document forms the guide to delivering and assessing the Units of Competency embedded in the Undertake Confined Space Rescue course. The Undertake Confined Space Rescue course is designed to train people to respond to emergency situations within confined spaces and remove them from harm, in accordance with Work Health and Safety legislation. The course consists of planning for confined space rescue, setting up and use of rescue equipment (e.g. stretchers and rope retrieval systems), use of emergency procedures and undertaking practical simulations to build and apply rescue skills and competencies. This course has been designed and tailored to a learner cohort with current confined space competencies that assumes a certain level of competency. Please refer to the prerequisites section below for further information. Vocational Target This course is delivered and assessed at a vocational level of 2. Graduates at this level will have knowledge and skills for work in a defined context and/or further learning Course Duration The course is run over a period of 8 hours and can be integrated into other training courses such as the Confined Space Skill Set. Delivery Mode This program will be delivered over 1 day period, consisting of both practical and theoretical training. All training will be delivered face to face. Assessment Requirements The assessment requirements are both formative and summative in nature and will include practical assessments, oral questioning and group discussions. The assessment will take place at varying times throughout the course. Award and Recognition Units of competency awarded once the candidate has been found competent in all assessment activities: PUASAR025A - Undertake confined space rescue Prerequisites Where this course is delivered in the Fire Sector, the pre-requisites are as follows: PUASAR022A Participate in a rescue operation (Fire sector specific) PUAFIR316 Identify, detect and monitor hazardous materials at an incident (Fire sector specific) TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 4 of 14
The prerequisites listed above are only applicable when the unit is being delivered as part of a fire sector specific qualification. Where this course is being delivered outside of the Fire Sector, there are no formal prerequisite units specified by the training package however, due to the intended learner cohort, the syllabus has been designed to recognise previous training and the amount of time adjusted for participants with current qualifications in Confined Space Entry, Breathing Apparatus and Atmospheric Testing. As a result of the adjustment in the intended delivery, participants are required to hold the following qualifications or equivalent issued within the past 3 years. MSMWHS216 Operate Breathing Apparatus (or equivalent) MSMWHS217 Gas Test Atmosphere (or equivalent) RIIWHS202D Enter and Work in Confined Spaces (or equivalent) Evidence of training or competencies must be obtained prior to the course being delivered. Fitness Requirements The Undertake Confined Space Rescue course is a very practical course and requires a certain level of fitness. Persons participating in the course should feel comfortable climbing in and out of confined spaces, using ladders, climbing up and down ropes using mechanical assistance and hauling simulation dummies during rescue scenarios. Clothing Requirements Work clothing is required when conducting practical activities. A minimum of long sleeved shirt with long pants and sturdy footwear. Thongs, sandals, high heels, shorts, skirts and dresses are not permitted to be worn during practical activities. Trainer Competencies To be eligible to Train and Assess the Undertake Confined Space Rescue Course, EMS Trainers and Assessors must meet the following minimum requirements prior to conducting the course: Qualifications Cert IV Training and Assessment (including the LLN Unit of competency) Undertake Confined Space Rescue competencies equivalent to the level being assessed. Vocational Experience Current experience in Confined Space Rescue. Experience in hazard identification and managing risk. TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 5 of 14
Lesson Plan Undertake Confined Space Rescue Element Notes Preamble Welcome the participants and introduce yourself. Provide an overview of what to do in the event of an emergency. Identify the exits, toilets and other facilities. Provide an overview of the course and timeframes. Detail break times. o Breaks should be given at 1.5 hour intervals. Where the course is being run concurrently with other units the break times of the larger course will be applied. N Ask each participant to introduce themselves. Find out where they are from and the role that they are employed to do. Ask the participants if they have ever worked in BA before. Ask each participant to identify what he or she would like to get out of the course. Write these down next to the person s name so you can refer to them later. Prepare for Rescue 1. Legislation and Governance. a. Review the following definitions: i. Confined Space As per WHS Legislation ii. Rescue The safe removal of persons from harm iii. Emergency Plan High Level what we do if an emergency occurs iv. Emergency procedures The procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency occurring. I.e. How we call 000, notify Rescue Teams etc. v. Rescue Plan High Level what we do to rescue someone vi. Rescue Procedures How to do it (perform the Rescue) TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 6 of 14
b. Discuss confined space incidents and how the majority of fatalities within confined spaces are from unplanned and unprepared Rescue attempts. Provide examples and case studies Gunning NSW, etc. c. Review WHS Regulations regarding working in Confined Spaces and how it set out requirements for Rescue. d. Discuss AS2865-2009 Confined Spaces and how it provides guidance when working with confined spaces. e. Discuss the Code of Practice Confined Spaces and describe how this gives further guidance on meeting WHS requirements. f. Discuss Worksite Policies and Procedures and how they affect how things are done onsite. Refer to the requirement under WHS Legislation to follow reasonably practical Health and Safety instructions. 2. Confined Space Hazards and Risk Assessments a. Discuss the different types on confined spaces and the different hazards associated with each type of space and various Rescue scenarios that may occur. b. Create a list of the spaces and different hazards that may be present. c. Provide an overview of control measures and review the Hierarchy of control. 3. Confined Space Entry Procedures a. Review the confined space entry procedures for Working in a confined space. 4. Rescue Team Roles and Responsibilities a. Provide an overview of the following roles and their responsibilities and how this applies in a Rescue Scenario. b. Highlight that not some roles will be undertaken by the same person and numbers available for Rescue will vary. c. Roles to include: i. Rescue Team Leader ii. Rescuers iii. BA / Entry Controller 5. Planning for Confined Space Rescue a. Discuss the different factors that will influence the techniques, training and equipment that will be required to conduct the rescue. TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 7 of 14
Include: i. Type of Confined Space ii. Hazards present iii. Number of workers in the space iv. Condition of Workers v. Access / egress vi. Equipment available vii. Number of Rescuers 6. Communication Systems a. Discuss the different types of communication systems, their functionality and limitations. Include: i. Verbal and Audible communications (This is to include the use of Radios) ii. Tactile communications such as communications cord etc. iii. Visual communications such as hand signals, light signals etc. b. Discuss the importance of a pre-arranged evacuation signal to remove all Rescuers from the Space such as a horn, whistle blasts, etc. 7. Equipment used in Rescue a. Provide an overview of the following equipment, its storage, operation and maintenance procedures. i. Tripod (Including makeshift tripods) ii. Anchors iii. Rope and any Ancillary equipment (Karabiners and Pulleys) iv. Confined Space Harnesses and Spreader Bars v. Respiratory Protection vi. Atmospheric Monitoring Equipment vii. Ventilation equipment viii. PPE (When to wear, appropriate to task, site and hazards identified) TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 8 of 14
8. Knots a. Demonstrate and have participants tie the following Knots: i. Figure 8 on the bight ii. Figure 8 on the Trace iii. Alpine Butterfly iv. Munter Hitch (Italian Hitch) b. Explain the use of each Knot and where they are used in Rescue. 9. Mechanical Advantage a. Discuss and demonstrate the following mechanical advantage systems: i. 2:1 Mechanical advantage system for pulling a casualty along the ground or a flat surface. ii. 4:1 mechanical advantage used to lift a casualty vertically or move them from one level to another. 10. Stretchers and Patient Packaging a. Discuss the different types of stretchers used in confined spaces. Include the following: i. Stokes Litters ii. Sked iii. Paraguard iv. Improvised Stretchers b. Explain the term Patient Packaging and how the casualty s injuries will indicate how the patient is secured within the stretcher. Managing the Scene 11. Controlling Access a. Explain the importance of controlling the scene, establishing a safe area and excluding all non-essential personnel from the area. b. Highlight the use of barricades, barrier tape and pointing sentries to control access. c. Discuss the importance of following the companies Media Policy and refrain from communicating with media personnel unless you are authorized. 12. Details of the Incident a. Discuss the information that can be attained and where it would be derived from. Information can be obtained from the following sources: i. Workplace documentation including JSA s, Risk TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 9 of 14
Assessments, Permits. ii. Other Workers / Colleagues iii. Supervisors iv. Observers who may have witnessed the incident 13. Review Risk Assessment and Permits a. Explain the difference between a Dynamic and Documented Risk Assessment and the importance of conducting and reviewing both. b. Discuss the importance of reviewing the current Risk Assessment and Permit. c. Highlight that the possible cause of the incident may be outlined in the Risk Assessment. d. Caution participants that the Risk or Hazard that has caused the incident may have been overlooked and therefore not on the risk assessment. 14. Rescue Team Brief This highlights the importance of the Rescue Team performing their own Hazard Identification and Risk assessment. Highlight the importance of identifying hazards and risks that are not yet known (these risks may have caused the incident and be a significant risk to rescuers.) a. Provide an overview of the detailed brief required prior to affecting a Rescue. b. Highlight the importance of discussing the possible hazards and risks with Rescue team members prior to entry. c. Review the following S.M.E.A.C acronym and how it can be used to formulate a brief. Situation Mission Execution Administration Type of space Access and Egress Known Hazards Number of Casualties What the goal of the rescue team is. (To remove occupants form space through x) How this will be done (the Rescue Plan) Include alternative back-up plans and what if s. Equipment required PPE Requirements TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 10 of 14
Hazard and Risk Assessment Review Timings as required Command and Control Team Positions and reporting lines BA Control Entry Point Monitoring Communications Plan Emergency Signal (Evacuation) Assistance available from others 15. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring a. Review atmospheric hazards O2 outside safe range Toxic Atmosphere Flammable Atmosphere b. Discuss when Atmospheric Monitoring is required. c. Review the procedures for monitoring the atmosphere as per the standard Confined Space procedures. Highlight the stratification of gasses and how readings must be taken from all levels within the space. (Minimum of three levels with slow transition) Discuss the importance of rescuers wearing a Gas Detectors rather than just having them sit in the opening of the Confined Space. d. Review the procedures of using a Gas Detector. Include: Challenge Testing Field Calibration Peak Readings Contamination and poisoning of sensors Limitations of use e. Review Peak Readings, TWA and STEL f. Note that the Gas Detector will only test for certain gasses or conditions that it is designed for. g. Highlight that a change in the O2 reading means O2 has been displaced by an unknown gas. 16. Atmospheric Control a. Ventilation i. Review he different types of Ventilation (Natural and Mechanical) ii. Review the different techniques in each class. (Forced, Extraction) iii. Explain the following terms 1. Short circuiting 2. Space Turnover TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 11 of 14
17. Isolations b. Purging i. Discuss Purging and when it is used ii. Highlight that whilst purging creates a non-explosive atmosphere the space will still need to be ventilated to create a breathable atmosphere. a. Discuss the different types of isolations required. b. Review the requirements under the WHS Legislation. c. Review the Lock out / Tag out procedures for the site. Conducting the Rescue 18. Determine Location and Condition of Casualties a. Discuss methods of locating casualties and or communicating with casualties within the space. Include: Visual identification. Voice, calling out etc PDU operation and other signals such as tapping, moaning etc. Liaising with other workers. Reviewing the Permit or work plan. b. Discuss determining the injuries from communicating with the casualty, the mechanism of injury and how this would affect the rescue. c. Discuss moving a casualty with suspected spinal injuries. Link discussion back to patient packaging. d. Highlight the need to determine the method, if any, of entrapment. Also discuss possible scenarios to free a trapped person using levers, mechanical advantage and other available equipment onsite that may need to be taken into the Space with Rescuers. e. Discuss Standard Precautions and the need to manage the risk of infection when providing First Aid. Also refer to the importance of all Rescue Team members holding current first aid qualifications. 19. Gain Entry to Confined Space a. Highlight the importance of confirming isolations are in place. b. Discuss different entry methods for both horizontal and vertical entry. i. Include maintaining safety for the Rescuer and having a backup plan to remove Rescuers when necessary. c. Outline the importance of pre-rigging equipment for rescue. i. Required by WHS Regulations ii. Saves time in the event of an incident iii. Has been tested and is reliable iv. Rescuers are familiar with equipment TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 12 of 14
d. Review the Confined Space Entry procedures and highlight the importance of signing in and out of the space. Also include BA Control as part of the entry procedures. e. Reinforce the importance of Atmospheric testing and monitoring during rescue process. f. Discuss the possibility and the relevance of ventilation during rescue to control an atmosphere. g. Review the PPE required and the use of BA in an irrespirable atmosphere. 20. Remove Casualties a. Demonstrate packaging a casualty in a stretcher for removal from a confined space. b. Discuss different considerations that may affect how you package the patient. c. Demonstrate how a casualty can be removed from an entry point by tipping the tripod. (this can be done using the Rescue Manikin) d. Discuss the importance of liaising with medical professionals onsite if available as to how best to manage the casualty. e. Review basic First Aid principles for Bleeding and Fractures. i. Bleeding Apply direct pressure and elevate effected part. ii. Fractures Immobilise in the position they are found. Reinforce the order of treatment - Breathing, Bleeding and fractures. f. Discuss the management of a non-breathing casualty in an environment with an irrespirable atmosphere. Highlight the importance of removing the casualty rather than trying to treat the casualty in an irrespirable environment. Conclude Rescue Operations 21. Conclude Rescue Operations a. Discuss the servicing and maintenance of equipment used. b. Outline the procedures for securing the site. c. Discuss the importance of gathering evidence. This is not necessarily moving evidence, just noting and taking record. d. Discuss the importance of preserving evidence. e. Discuss when a casualty would not be removed from the space. i. This is where the casualty is deceased due to suffering TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 13 of 14
injuries incapable of sustaining life. f. Outline the procedures to be followed when the casualty is deceased. 22. Reporting Requirements i. Note the position of the casualty. ii. Explain the importance of not moving the casualty. iii. Discuss the benefit of recording the details of any entrapment and injuries for responding emergency Services. iv. Outline the reporting procedures on recognition of a deceased casualty. Rescuer is to report directly to the Rescue Team Leader and Emergency Services. v. Highlight the importance of not broadcasting sensitive details about the incident over the radios unless the Rescue Team has a secure channel. a. Outline the reporting requirements as per the company policies and procedures. You will need to get access to company forms for this purpose. b. Explain the privacy requirements and following the need to know principle. c. Discuss the company s media policy. 23. Operation Stress a. Provide an overview of what operational stress. b. Outline the signs and symptoms of Operational Stress. Include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability c. Discuss various avenues for treatment. i. Employee assistance programs ii. Supervisors iii. Local Doctor iv. Counsellor v. Lifeline - Phone 13 11 14 vi. Beyond Blue - Phone 1300 224 636 TAS - Undertake Confined Space Rescue VC 0.3.docx 14 of 14