University of Massachusetts - Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage 2012 Jun 7th, 10:50 AM - 11:10 AM Session B7 - Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage Success Steven Leach Normandeau Associates, sleach@normandeau.com Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference Leach, Steven, "Session B7 - Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage Success" (2012). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage. 5. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference/2012/june7/5 This is brought to you for free and open access by the The Fish Passage Community at UMass Amherst at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.
Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage A brief review of upstream passage of American shad In the Santee Cooper System, South Carolina Steve Leach Normandeau Associates, Inc. sleach@normandeau.com
Objective: To briefly describe the Santee Cooper, South Carolina system and outline American shad passage in the system by navigation lock and fish lock Cooper R. Santee R.
History of the Santee-Cooper System Large-scale anthropogenic perturbations Santee Canal : 1800-1850, first summit canal in U.S. Santee-Cooper Project Santee River Diversion online 1942. Jefferies Station / Pinopolis Dam,130 MW rm 48 Santee Dam 3,400 ft. long spillway 8 mi. long earthen dam rm 89
Cooper River Fish Passage Striped bass can live out their life cycle in freshwater 1 Santee Cooper striped bass preferentially prey on blueback herring 2 Blueback herring use the Pinopolis Lock for upstream passage 3 Since 1957, the lock has been operated in season specifically for fish passage (more on that in a couple of minutes) But 1 Scruggs, G.D., Jr. and J.J.C. Fuller. 1955. Indications of a freshwater population of striped bass, Rocus saxatillis (Walbaum), in Santee Cooper Reservoir. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners: 64-69. 2 Stevens R.E. 1958. The striped bass of the Santee Cooper Reservoir. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners 1: 253 264. 3 Fuller J.C., Jr. 1955. Job Completion Report, Investigations Projects, Santee-Cooper Reservoirs. SCWRD,
Santee River diversion = Charleston Harbor silt! USACE proposes the Cooper River Rediversion Project 1968
Cooper River Rediversion Project Completed 1985 Restored Santee R. flow to ~10,400 cfs Included new canal with 84 MW powerhouse, and fishway designed into the dam not retrofit! St. Stephen fish lock operational 1986 (more on that in a couple of minutes)
37 mi. bypass reach 2 powerhouses 1 spillway
Cooper River Fish Passage - Monitoring Annual passage monitoring hydroacoustic monitoring since 1975 Species assemblage estimated by trammel net, electrofishing, and rotenone Little attraction flow / exit flow Milling of exiting fish verified by DIDSON Growth of American shad recreational fishery annual creel survey
Biomass (tonnes) Pinopolis Lock, Cooper River, SC. Annual estimated biomass passed during spring monitoring period. 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 Rediversion Proportion of shad increased in the 1990 s + 400 200 0
Proportion (%) Cooper River Fish Passage Monitoring American Shad Radio Telemetry Study 2002, 2003 To estimate efficiency of Pinopolis Lock in attracting and passing adult American shad 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 2002 2003 Normandeau Associates. 2003. Effectiveness of the Pinopolis Lock at attracting adult blueback herring and American shad, Spring 2003. Draft report prepared for Santee Cooper - South Carolina Public Service Authority.
Cooper River Fish Passage Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study Timko M.A., D. Cooke, T. Steig, and S. Leach 2003. Monitoring of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) and American shad (A. sapidissima) with acoustic tags at Pinopolis Locks, SC to assess fish passage under induced flow conditions., HTI., Seattle.
Upstream gates Hydrophone levels Drain ports
Depth (feet) Across Lock Start End Cooper River Fish Passage Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study Lock Plan View Downstream Upstream 200 220 240 Lower Doors 260 80 Lock Side View Upper Doors 60 40 Sill 20 Low pool water level 0 200 400 Moving Upstream (from left to right) (feet)
Percent Passage Cooper River Fish Passage Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percent of American Shad Passed Upstream Sturgeon Shad Herring 11 2 24 Flow On Flow Off Overall
Santee River / Rediversion Fish Passage
Santee River / Rediversion Fish Passage Modifications Siphon fed attraction flow Entrance channel extensions Fish Diverter http://www.dnr.sc.gov/video/april07_video/april07video_stephen.html
Number Passed (x 10 3 ) 700 Annual Upstream Passage of American Shad St. Stephen Fish Lock 600 500 American shad running average 400 300 200 100 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Year
Landings (tonnes) 200 Santee River American Shad Landings (commercial) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Flow increased w/ rediversion first year of fish passage operations 0 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 Year Cooke D.W., and S.D. Leach. 2003. Beneficial Effects of Increased River Flow and Upstream Fish Passage on Anadromous Alosine Stocks. American Fisheries Society Symposium 35:331 338, 2003