Fisheries Improvement Project Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab - gillnet/trap Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association Under review in fisheryprogress.org FIP Description APRI and all members (16 group companies, 32 processing plants cover more than 85% purchased crab in Indonesia) are committed to campaigning sustainability crab harvest to the supply chain for effective impact, increasing crab recruitment through stock enhancement, collaborating with Universities to support scientific research, supporting Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to develop national Fishery Management Plan and working closely with Fishers community to establish community based fishery management. All project activities are managed in a Fishery Improvement Project (FIP). FIP will create sustainable impact to the supply chain, blue swimming crab resources and also to the ecosystem where the blue swimming crab harvested. Blue swimming crab (BSC) fishing in Indonesia is mostly carried out by small-scale fishers using boats of less than 10 GT with or without motors, and in some cases fishermen do not use boats. The crabs are caught mostly using bottom gillnets and collapsible traps. An estimated 65,000 fishermen and 13,000 pickers (working in over 400 miniplants or cooking stations throughout Indonesia) are directly employed in the crab fishery. In addition, several thousand other players are involved in the fishery, including middlemen, operators of miniplants where initial processing is carried out, and final processors/packagers who export the products. FIP Objectives Change practices (no take of small crabs/juveniles, no take of egg-bearing females), increase the stocks, develop policies that protect and sustain crabs (including protection of nursery ground, spawning area). Develop a management plan for Indonesian blue swimming crab that includes community resources management that protects nursery ground; produce a control document. Implement FIP workplan that includes development of the management plan, community-based management, communication and awareness, nursery and spawning grounds protection projects, as well as a hatchery project. FIP Type Comprehensive FIP Stage Stage 4: Improvements in Fishing Practices or Fishery Management Start and Projected End Dates January, 2012 - December, 2022 1
Species Common Name Scientific Name Additional Names Blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus Rajungan Gear Type Bottom Gillnet Pot/Trap Location FAO Major Fishing Area Area 57 (Indian Ocean, Ea Area 71 (Pacific, Western Central) Exclusive Economic Zones Country Indonesia Additional Attributes WPP 712, WPP 714 Flag of Vessel Indonesia FIP Volume 78200 metric tons 2
How is this FIP Doing? Fishery Status We use 28 industry-standard indicators based on the Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Standard to track FIP progress. This shows a snapshot of the FIP?s current performance against the indicators using the following scale: Red=below 60, Yellow=60-79, Green=80 or higher, Gray=data not available to score the fishery. Y0 = 2009, Y3 = 2015, Y5 = 2018 Actions Overview This shows the proportion of actions that are behind schedule, on track,completed, or not yet started. Red Indicator Progress This shows the proportion of actions specifically addressing red indicators that are behind schedule, on track, completed, or not yet started. This helps users understand the progress the FIP is making on the biggest challenges in the fishery. 3
Actions and Tasks Engagement Opportunities 4
Additional Impacts Social Impact The fishery improvement project (FIP) for Indonesia BSC is industry-led by Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI) an association of processors with the full support of the National Fisheries Institute Crab Council (NFI Crab Council) in the United States, which is the destination for most blue swimming crab caught in Indonesia. Improving this fishery faces complicating factors common to developing countries (and many smallscale fisheries), including little or no reliable data, no controls on fishing access/rights to manage capacity, no effective organization of the crab fishers (approximately 65,000 in Indonesia), lack of government capability to support the social health of fishing communities, and limited industry understanding of these problems. Other BSC fisheries in Asia face similar challenges. The Indonesian government has introduced new regulations governing the minimum landing size of blue swimming crab, banning landing berried females, and banning mini-trawl gear. If these regulations are complied with, then the best available modeling indicates typical BSC stocks will rebuild, and trap and gillnet fishers will benefit very quickly. APRI is trying to comply with government regulations to improve the sustainability of BSC fisheries while at the same time try to analyze measures to minimize socioeconomic impacts of these regulations, and integrate the refined measures into FIP workplans. APRI has trained all processing members and their affiliated mini plants to comply Indonesian Government regulations (processing facilities and labors), including their certification (SKP and CPIB), by following requirements and certifying their supplies facilities. A clean supply chain will give direct benefit: healthy and sustain crab stock, possible MSC chain of custody certificate, health certificate and catch certificate. Traceability In order to follow up the Indonesian government regulations governing the minimum landing size of blue swimming crab, banning landing berried females, and banning mini-trawl gear APRI agrees to implement Control Document. The Control Document comprises three components that ensure its successful application: a) a letter of warranty or private contract that requires legal trading of fish products along the entire commercial chain; b) a list of control points that conform to the full regulatory and legal framework relevant to the fish products marketed; and c) a guide to a third party audit mechanism, which lists the main control check points, from producer to retailer, and identifies recognized and reputable independent auditing bodies. APRI is trying to improve the implementation of traceability and documentation process by all of the segments of the supply chain (collectors/cooking stations, miniplants and processors) in order to promote compliance to the new regulations and generate the records and documents of the supply chain application and verification of the new regulations. Traceability and documentation process proposed in the Control Document are: Based upon the current supply chain practices. Applicable to all of the supply chain (from fishermen to processor) Comparable to MSC-certified chain of custody Fully auditable from the raw material to the final product and vice versa IUU (illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing) In January 2015, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) announced the two regulations that will impact the blue swimming crab fishery. First is the Ministerial Decree No 1 Year 2015 (dated 8 January 2015) on the Capture of Lobster (Panulirus spp.), Mud Crab (Scylla spp.), and Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus spp.). This regulation states that the blue swimming crab that can be caught have to be bigger than 10 cm, and that the egg bearing females need to be released at sea (http://infohukum.kkp.go.id/index.php/hukum/download/644/?type_id=1). So under the law, blue swimming crab less than 10 cm and egg bearing females cannot be caught and processed. 5
This Ministerial Decree has been replaced by Ministerial Decree No. 56 Year 2016 (dated 23 December 2016) on the Prohibition of Capture and/of Export of Lobster (Panulirus spp.), Mud Crab (Scylla spp.), and Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus spp.) from Indonesian waters. This regulation states that blue swimming crab can only be caught and/or exported in the condition of not bearing eggs, and have to be bigger than 10 cm or heavier than 60 (sixty) gram per individual - http://infohukum.kkp.go.id/index.php/hukum/download/1238/?type_id=1. The other regulation is Ministerial Decree No 2 Year 2015 (dated 9 January 2015) on the Ban to Use Trawls and Seine Nets in the Indonesian Fishery Management Area (http://infohukum.kkp.go.id/index.php/hukum/download/645/?type_id=1) This regulation will affect the mini trawl fishers who also catch and sell blue swimming crab. With the support from Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP), the industry is trying to improve the compliance to these government regulations (i.e. minimum legal size of 10 cm, ban on catching berried female, and ban on trawl) to improve the sustainability of BSC fisheries through the implementation of Control Document (note: a control document is a contract between vendors and suppliers that creates commercial penalties for infringing fisheries regulations, in addition to any government fines or penalties. Control documents are adopted on a voluntary basis by those producers, traders, and/or suppliers that wish to ensure a sustainable supply of marine products to responsible consumers all over the world, while combating IUU fishing effectively and supporting livelihoods in producer countries). A control document is a tool to reduce the amount of illegally sourced material in the supply chain. Ecosystem Impact Marine protected area for BSC and fishing gear swap: APRI supports Betahwalang in 2014 to establish comanagement and marine protected area for blue swimming crab. APRI also support fishermen in Southeast Sulawesi and Central Java (Demak and Jepara) to change their fishing gear to Bubu (collapsible trap), which environmentally friendly fishing gear. FIP Leads Organization Name Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI) Organization Type Industry Primary Contact Hawis Madduppa Email madduppa@gmail.com Website http://www.apri.or.id 6