Conservation Worksheet III (Legal Protection of Species, Illegal Wildlife Trade, National Parks and Other Public Lands) Name: 1
1. The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal protection of endangered species. Why was this law passed? 2. What is the significance of the passenger pigeon? Who was "Martha"? 3. What are two components of the Lacey Act? 4. Did the Lacey Act have an impact on the Gibson Guitar Corporation? Explain. 5. What are at least two reasons that introduced constrictor snakes are a problem in Florida. 6. What is the definition of an endangered species? 7. What is the definition of "Critical Habitat"? 8. What is the Land and Water conservation Fund Act? 9. If a landowner wants to receive an "incidental take permit" from the USFES what must they do first? 2
10. What are "Safe Harbor" Agreements? 11. What is the IUCN Red List? 12. Once a species has been evaluated for listing on the IUCN Red List it can be assigned to 1 of 7 categories. What are these 7 categories? (See flow chart in lecture notes). 13. What does the acronym CITES stand for and what is it? 14. What does appendix I of CITES prohibit? What are some examples of organisms on appendix I. 15. What are some examples of species listed on appendix II and appendix III of CITES? Appendix II Appendix III 16. What does the acronym TRAFFIC stand for: 17. What is the mission of TRAFFIC? 18. TRAFFIC is a joint program of what two conservation organizations? 3
19. What are two reasons wildlife and forest crime should be considered a serious problem? 20. List at least 4 factors contributing to illegal wildlife trade. 21. In what country do you find both black and white rhinos? 23. In what country is the greater one horned rhino found? 24. Why are rhinos poached? 25. Why are elephants poached? 26. What is "bushmeat"? 27. The bushmeat trade is associated with "empty forest syndrome". What is "empty forest syndrome"? 28. The illegal pet trade also contributes to declines in wildlife in many regions of the world. What are some examples of animals that are traded illegal for pets. 4
29. Where, in Africa, is the bushmeat trade having its greatest impact? 30. What are 5 consequences of unregulated bushmeat trade? 31. What are 3 drivers of illegal hunting and the bushmeat trade? 32. How does logging and mining contribute to the bushmeat trade? 33. The bushmeat trade has implications for human health. What are these implications? 34. What are the two biggest threats to tigers today? 35. What are two reasons tigers are poached? 36. What is a chiru, where are chiru found, and why are chiru poached? 5
37. What is a shahtoosh shawl and where are they manufactured? 38. Bile farms obtain bile from what animal? 39. What are the two federal multiple use land management agencies in the U.S.? 40. How do wilderness areas differ from typical national forest lands? 41. What was the first national wildlife refuge and what president designated this refuge? 42. What is the relationship between the passage of the Endangered Species Act and wildlife refuges? 43. What kinds of activities can take place on federal multiple use lands? 44. Most grazing takes place on federal lands managed by the. 45. The National Park Service Organic Act mandates that the purpose of the National Parks is to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the enjoyment in the same manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations". The problem with this concept is that parks are affected by many factors that did not exist in pre-columbian times. List 5 of these factors. 6
46. List 5 threats to Yellowstone National Park. 47. Why are the boundaries of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem different from the boundaries of Yellowstone National Park? 48. List 5 large herbivores found in Yellowstone and/or Grand Teton National Park. From the articles: Article 21: Infectious Disease and Endangered Species Management 49 Distemper affected the wild population of the and measles has an impact on the. 50. What are three problems associated with endangered species and disease? Article 22: Endangered Species Management: The U.S. Experience 51. What year was the ESA passed? 52. What four things make a good flagship species? 53. What is the purpose of the IUCN Red List? 54. Habitat destruction is the biggest threat for the survival of endangered birds, mammals, and amphibians. What are the two most widespread forms of habitat destruction? 55. In 1995 the government implemented a program known as "safe harbor". Why was this necessary? 7
Article 23: The Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan 56. What are some reasons Riverside County is a global hotspot for biodiversity? 57. What is the significance of: a. The Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard? b. Stephens Kangaroo Rat? Article24: CITES at 30, or 40 58. What are two success stories of CITES? Article 25: In Tibet Change comes to the Once-Pristine Roof of the World 59. What are chiru and why are they slaughtered on the Tibetan plateau? 60. What will have to accompany the new conservation model of giving management rights to communities on the Tibetan plateau? 61. How does that U.S. and Europe contribute to illegal wildlife trade? Article 26: Laos emerges as a Key Source in Asia's Illicit Wildlife Trade 62. What are the following animal parts used for in Chinese medicine: a. River otter tails b. Bear bile c. Shark fins d. Pangolins e. Article 27: The dirty War Against Africa's Remaining Rhinos 63. How is rhino poaching today different from the past? 64. Why has demand for rhino increased recently? 8
Article 28: Lessons from the Wolf 65. Why have riparian areas with cottonwoods and willows recovered since wolf reintroduction? 66. Why have beaver dams increased since wolf reintroduction? 67. Why have wolves had a positive effect on the: a. Grizzly population? b. Red fox population? Article 29: Taking it to the Top 68. What did killer whales feed on off Alaska's coast in the early 1900's? 69. Why did the sea otter population decline off the coast of Alaska? 70. How did the decline in sea otters affect the ecology of Alaskan coastal areas? 71. Why was the extirpation of wolves in the eastern U.S. associated with an increase in Lyme disease? Article 30: Pronghorn in Peril 72. How fast do pronghorn run and how far is their winter range from Grand Teton National Park? 73. What are the threats to the pronghorn migration corridor near Grand Teton National Park? Article 31: The Nature Conservancy and the Heritage Programs 74. What is the primary purpose of the Nature Conservancy? 75. What is the Natural Heritage Program? 9
Article 32: The Gray Ranch 76. What happens to grasslands in New Mexico and Arizona in absence of fires? 77. What introduced species has had an impact on the Chiricahuan leopard frog? Article 33: Ranchers form a "Radical Center" to Protect Wide-Open Spaces 78. How can barbwire fences be altered to accommodate pronghorn and deer? Article 34: A National Treasure 79. What President launched the National Wildlife Refuge System? What was the first wildlife refuge? 80. What is the largest refuge? 81. What government agency administers the National Wildlife Refuge System? 82. Wildlife refuges are managed under the principle of multiple use. What are some of these uses? Article 35: Should Cows Chew Cheatgrass on Common Lands 83. What is an AUM? 84. What are some of the ecological values of riparian areas? Article 36: Ecological Effects of Ranching: A Six Point Critique 87. What is the effect of introduced cheatgrass on fire regimes? 10
Matching: Answers may be used once, many times, or not at all. 1. It developed the Natural Heritage Program a. bear bile b. black-footed ferret 2. Its goal is to ensure international trade in wild plants and c. black rhino animals does not threaten their survival. d. BLM e. Bullfrog 3. Created the "Red List" f. Chiricahuan leopard frog 4. An NGO that collects data on volume and types of wildlife trade. h. CITES i. Coachella Valley 5. An organization that attempts to educate people about fringe-toed lizard species. j. Endangered Species Act 6. A multiple use land management agency with heavy k. greater one-horned emphasis on grazing. rhino l. Gorilla 7. This law was passed in response to growing public concern m. IUCN over the decline of the passenger pigeon. n. Lacey Act o. Nature Conservancy 8. This law prohibits "take" of a listed species. p. NPS q. One 9. The rhino species that can be seen in India r. Pronghorn s. Shahtoosh 10. Tibetan antelope t. Shark fins u. Stephen's kangaroo 11. The wool of the Tibetan antelope rat v. TRAFFIC 12. These lands are open to public recreation by not to exploitive w. Two development. x. USFS y. USFWS 13. Distemper caused a decline in the population of this animal. z. Wilderness areas ab. Chiru 14. Measles had an impact on this endangered species. 15. This animal led to the development of the first regional HCP 16. Used to treat cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine 17. The number of elk killed, on average, by a wolf pack each day 18. A North American herbivore that can run 60mph 19. An introduced frog 20. Administers the National Wildlife Refuge System 11