Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) Survey in Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) Marine Park, Malaysia Adam Payne, Serena Adam WWF Malaysia
Introduction TMP and Sharks Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) :898, 762.76 hectares, 50 islands. Multiple Use managed area Gazetted 19th May 2016 since its proposal in 2003. Constitute 1.4-2.2% of marine landings. Increased landings 10,792 22,148 tonnes (120%) in 30 years Shark Landing TMP Trend Map (1982-2012)
Introduction & Objectives BRUV Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV), suitable tool to assess diversity and abundance. Cost effective, replicable, multiple use. Objective: Assess abundance and biodiversity of elasmobranch in TMP using BRUV system. Sub Objective: Identify aggregation grounds Monitor trends in abundance
Methodology Sampling sites Concentrated more east side than west side Fisherman input on shark aggregating areas and seasonality BRUV deployed in 3-5 metres depth on reef patches and reef ledge
Methodology Method and analysis Sampling Deployed 7.00am 5.00pm 60 90 minutes Average depth, 3-6 metres 1Kg chopped Sardinella spp. 5 BRUV unit per day maximum Video analysis Playback speed never exceed 2x Slowed to 0.5 of normal speed rate to ID species Using (A.Ali et., al 2013) field guide of sharks and ray for ID.
Result BRUV encounters Date, Time Habitat. Depth Location Species Recorded 25/10/17 7.38AM 25/10/17 6.30PM 26/10/17 9.44AM 26/10/17 5.50pm 29/10/17 3.08pm 1/11/17 9.10AM 1/11/17 9.10am 4/11/17 8.17am Coral Mantabuan Bluespotted ribbontail ray 3m Coral 3m ( Night) Sand 5m Sand 1m Coral 4m Coral 5m Coral 6m Metal Ship Wreck 50m Malawali River Mouth Brownbanded bamboo Shark Malawali River Mouth Bluespotted ribbontail ray Paliuk Is Brownbanded bamboo Shark Maliangin Black Rock Blacktip Reef Shark Maliangin Black Rock Blacktip Reef Shark Maliangin Black Rock Blacktip Reef Shark Balambangan Wreck Blacktip Reef Shark Total 58 deployments, 53 successful 8 encounters of 3 species 1. Chiloscyllium punctatum (2) 2. Carcharhinus melanopterus (4) 3. Taeniura lymma (2) C. punctatum and T.lymma footage was lost due to technical mistake. Due to insufficient result, the relative abundance and species richness were not analysed Maliangin Black Rock, 1 November 2017
Discussion Kudat: Key Catch Hub Average 40 counts/ day Small sharks landed in Kudat Unexpected and insufficient result More sharks landed in the markets ;indicate sharks are overfished in TMP Kudat: Top 5 highest in average counts of sharks per survey day and highest in species richness Market Survey Tropical Research and Conservation Centre (TRACC), 2014
Average Count per Survey Day Average Count per Survey Day Discussion Species Composition in Sabah 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Top Top 55 Shark Ray Genera Chiloscyllium Carcharhinus Sphyrna Prionace glauca Hemigaleus Papar microstoma Kuala Penyu Kota Marudu Kuala Penyu Kota Belud Matung-gung Kota Marudu Kota Kinabalu Kota Belud Tuaran Matung-gung Tawau Sipitang Kota Kinabalu Semporna TuaranSekuati TawauSandakan Sipitang Papar Lahad Datu Semporna Labuan SekuatiKunak Sandakan Kudat The top 5 shark genera: Bamboo Sharks, Requiem Sharks, Hammerhead Sharks, Blue Shark and Sicklefin Weasel Shark. The top 5 ray genera ; Whiprays Blue-spotted Stingray, Guitarfish, Wedgefishes & Devil Rays Market Survey Tropical Research and Conservation Centre (TRACC), 2014
Discussion Challenges, Observation & Suggestion for Improvement High Fishing Pressure in TMP Fish bombing recurrent and occurred during BRUV survey Shark observed seems wary Bonaire Marine Park BRUV survey: less sharks at the most human Standardisation pressure area (Ruijs, of BRUV 2017) Method Site Selection Vast area of TMP, more sites to be cover Based Backup on videos fisherman before knowledge analyse Not Cover conventional other areas but of TMP; used for cross quantitative check with analyse fisherman (Moore coordinates et al., 2010) Standardised bait used More night deployment BRUV Conduct at Night Underwater Visual Survey (UVS) Bamboo shark attracted to bait; nocturnal species Light source diminishes after 30 minutes Knowledge gaps remained on other shark species (Hammerschlag et al., 2016).
Conclusion TMP: All hope is not lost Thank You *Please suggest how we can improve BRUV implementation Reef sharks can recover surprisingly quickly when protected by a well-managed marine park Reef sharks shows site-fidelity (White et., al 2017) Long term temporal monitoring studies in TMP following its gazettement