NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIDE QUALITY SPECIFICATION AND CASE STUDIES BY NARINDER S. KOHLI, P.E. PRINCIPAL ENGINEER PAVEMENT DESIGN, NJDOT (609) 530 8140 NARINDER.KOHLI@DOT.STATE.NJ.US
RIDE QUALITY SPECIFICATION AND CASE STUDIES PAY ADJUSTMENT EQUATIONS WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE TARGET IRI? CASE STUDY EXCLUSIONS HOW DO WE CALCULATE EXCLUSIONS? CASE STUDY EXAMPLES
NJDOT RIDE QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS IRI (INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX) TO MEASURE SMOOTHNESS UNIT OF IRI- INCH/MILE IRI SCALE STARTS AT ZERO FOR A ROAD WITH NO ROUGHNESS AND COVERS POSITIVE NUBERS THAT INCREASE IN PROPORTIONAL TO ROUGHNESS. OTHER INDEXES FOR SMOOTHNESS-RIDE NUMBER (RN), RIDE QUALITY INDEX (RQI), PROFILOGRAPH INDEX (PrI)
WHY PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS SPECIFICATIONS? USER CALL GOOD OR BAD PAVEMENT BASED ON SMOOTHNESS SMOOTHER ROADS LAST LONGER SMOOTHER ROADS STAY SMOOTHER LONGER SMOOTHER ROAD ARE SAFER SMOOTHER ROADS SAVE MONEY
HOW ARE RIDE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS DEFINED IN THE NJDOT PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS?
RIDE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS Route from MP._ to MP._ Table 401.03.03-7 Pay Equations for Ride Quality Excluded Lots Lane 1-5 Lane 2-10 EXCLUSIONS ARE NOT NUMBER OF METALS IN A LANE. THESE ARE NUMBER OF LOTS TO BE EXCLUDED Pay Equation(s) PA on lots of 0.01 mile length IRI < 40 PA = $50 40 IRI < 60 PA = $150 ($2.50 IRI) 60 IRI 70 PA = $0 70 < IRI 140 PA = (IRI 70) x ( $7.1429) IRI > 140 Remove & Replace TARGET IRI IS (60+70)/2 = 65 Inch/Mile LOTS WITH HIGHEST RECORDED IRI NUMBERS WILL BE EXCLUDED.
RIDE QUALITY REQUIREMENTS Route Ramps and Shoulders Overlaid Bridge Decks on Route Between MP._ and MP._ Table 401.03.03-7 Pay Equations for Ride Quality Excluded Lots None None Pay Equation(s) PA on lots of 0.01 mile length IRI < 120 PA = $0 120< IRI 170 PA = (IRI 120 ) x ( $5.00) IRI > 170 Remove & Replace PA on lots of 0.005 mile length IRI < 120 PA = $0 120< IRI 170 PA = (IRI 120 ) x ( $5.00) IRI > 170 Remove & Replace
PAY ADJUSTMENT EQUATIONS
TARGET IRI IS ADJUSTED AVERAGE DESIRABLE IRI
TARGET IRI ALL FEATURES IN THE PAVEMENT DEEMED BY THE DESIGNER TO BE POTENTIAL IMPEDIMENTS TO ACHIEVING A SMOOTH RIDE QUALITY ARE EXCLUDED.
ADJUSTED AVERAGE IRI DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING SITE SPECIFIC FACTORS: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION BASE IRI EXISTING IRI NUMBER OF OPERATIONS TYPE OF PAVEMENT
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION FREEWAY OR LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS HIGHWAYS OTHER THAN FREEWAY/LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS
ADJUSTED AVERAGE IRI DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING SITE SPECIFIC FACTORS: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION BASE IRI EXISTING IRI NUMBER OF OPERATIONS TYPE OF PAVEMENT
BASE IRI (IRI Desirable) BASED ON HISTORICAL DATA OF IRI DELIVERED (from 2006 to 2010), BASE IRI WAS ESTABILISHED AS BELOW: (AFTER EXCLUDING ALL IMPEDIMENTS) FREEWAY OR LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS 45 INCH/MILE HIGHWAYS OTHER THAN FREEWAY/LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS 55 INCH/MILE WE INCREASE BASE IRI FOR LOW SPEED HIGHWAY.
PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN BASE IRI FOR DIFFERENT SPEED LIMITS SPEED (MPH) PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN BASE IRI 35 40% 40 30% 45 20% 50 10% 55 of above None THESE FACTORS PRIMARILY DEPENDS ON LEVEL OF ROUGHNESS FELT BT THE VEHICLE OCCUPANTS ON DIFFERENT SPEED LIMITS.
ADJUSTED AVERAGE IRI DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING SITE SPECIFIC FACTORS: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION BASE IRI EXISTING IRI NUMBER OF OPERATIONS SPEED LIMIT TYPE OF PAVEMENT
EXISTING IRI AVERAGE IRI OF LATEST AVAILABLE IRI DATA OF THE RIGHT MOST THROUGH LANE (FROM THE PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT). OF EXISTING PAVEMENT IN EACH DIRECTION
EXISTING IRI IRI DATA USED FOR CALCULATING AVERAGE IRI IS PRESENTED IN SECTION 102.04 OF SPECIAL PROVISIONS 102.04 EXAMINATION OF CONTRACT AND PROJECT LIMITS 1. Evaluation of Subsurface and Surface Conditions. International Roughness Index (IRI) values of the existing roadway Test Date: 5/14/2012 Route Direction Mile Post From Mile Post To Average IRI 027 N 12.60 12.70 88 027 N 12.70 12.80 166 027 N 12.80 12.90 144 027 N 12.90 13.00 120 027 N 13.00 13.10 225 027 N 13.10 13.20 233 027 N 13.20 13.30 147 027 N 13.30 13.40 136 027 N 13.40 13.50 152 027 N 13.50 13.60 103 027 N 13.60 13.70 140 027 N 13.70 13.80 129
ADJUSTED AVERAGE IRI DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING SITE SPECIFIC FACTORS: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION BASE IRI EXISTING IRI NUMBER OF OPERATIONS TYPE OF PAVEMENT
NUMBER OF OPERATIONS NUMBER OF OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF RIDE QUALITY MILLING ONE OPPORTUNITY PAVING-EACH LIFT IS ONE OPPORTUNITY EXAMPLE MILL 4 AND PAVE WITH 2 SURFACE COURSE OVER 2 INTERMEDIATE COURSE = 3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE CONTRACTOR TO IMPROVE RIDE QUALITY OF FINAL RIDING SURFACE.
NUMBER OF OPERATIONS LIFT WITH THICKNESS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1-INCH IS NOT CONSIDERED AS A LIFT FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING PAY EQUATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE: MILL 3 AND PAVE WITH 2-INCH HMA + 1-INCH BOTTOM RICH INTERMEDIATE COURSE (BRIC) TWO OPERATIONS
FACTORS FOR EXISTING CONDITION AND NUMBER OF OPERATIONS INITIAL IRI # OF OPERATIONS 1 2 3 4 < 60 1 1 1 1 60 TO < 95 1.05 1 1 1 95 TO < 170 1.1 1.05 1 1 170 TO < 200 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 200 TO < 285 1.2 1.15 1.1 1 >285 1.25 1.2 1.15 1.05
ADJUSTED AVERAGE IRI DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING SITE SPECIFIC FACTORS: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION BASE IRI EXISTING IRI NUMBER OF OPERATIONS TYPE OF PAVEMENT
TYPES OF PAVEMENT FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT HMA/ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONCRETE JOINT COMPOSITE PAVEMENT HMA/ASPHALT CONCRETE
COMPOSITE PAVEMENT FACTOR FOR COMPOSITE PAVEMENT = 1.05 (5% INCREASE IN BASE IRI)
COMPOSITE PAVEMENT HMA/ASPHALT CONCRETE IS THIS THICKNESS MORE THAN 8 FOR COMPOSITE PAVEMENT HAVING 8 OR MORE HMA THICKNESS, COMPOSITE FACTOR IS 1.0.
CASE STUDY NAME OF PROJECT ROUTE 9 FROM VICINITY OF SYMMES ROAD/ RYAN ROAD TO NORTH OF PEYSER STREET TOWNSHIPS OF MANALAPAN, MARLBORO, OLD BRIDGE AND WOODBRIDGE, BOROUGH OF SAYREVILLE, CITY OF SOUTH AMBOY- COUNTIES OF MONMOUTH & MIDDLESEX PAVING LENGTH 76.0 LANE MILES FUNTIONAL CLASSIFICATION (FOR RQR) HIGHWAYS OTHER THAN FREEWAY/LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS PROPOSED TREATMENT MILL AND PAVE IN TWO LIFTS
NB MP122.3-129.79 MP129.96-130.93 MP132.72-134.82 IRI (Inch/Mile Average IRI =203 Average IRI =155 Average IRI =170 Mile Post
INITIAL IRI CASE STUDY RT 9 NB GENERALIZED FACTORS MP 122.3 TO MP 129.79 MP129.96 TO MP 130.93 MP 132.72 TO MP 134.82 BASE IRI 55 55 55 FACTOR FOR SPEED 1.00 1.10 1.10 FACTOR FOR EXISTING CONDITION AND # OF OPS FACTOR FOR COMPOSITE TARGET IRI, INCH/MILE IRI=155 1.00 # OF OPERATIONS 1 2 3 4 SPEED 95 (MPH) TO <170 PERCENTAGE 1.1 1.05 1 1 INCREASE IN BASE 170 TO <200 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 IRI 200 TO <285 1.2 1.15 1.1 1 50 10% IRI=203 1.1 IRI=170 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 58 70 67
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 Average IRI =163 Average IRI =268 Average IRI =1983 100 0 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 SB MP116.75-129.67 MP130.02-130.93 MP132.72-135.65
GENERALIZED FACTORS CASE STUDY RT 9 SB MP 116.75 TO MP 129.67 MP130.02 TO MP 130.93 MP 132.72 TO MP 135.65 BASE IRI 55 55 55 FACTOR FOR SPEED 1.00 1.10 1.10 FACTOR FOR EXISTING CONDITION AND # OF OPS FACTOR FOR COMPOSITE TARGET IRI, INCH/MILE IRI=163 1.00 # OF OPERATIONS 1 2 3 4 SPEED (MPH) PERCENTAGE 95 TO <170 INCREASE 1.1 IN BASE 1.05 1 1 170 TO <200 IRI 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 INITIAL IRI 50200 TO <285 10% 1.2 1.15 1.1 1 IRI=268 1.1 IRI=198 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 58 70 67
SUMMARY BEGINNING MP ENDING MP DIRECTION BASE IRI SPEED # OF OPS EXISTING IRI PAVEMENT TYPE HMA>8 TARGET 122.3 129.79 NB 55 55 3 155 C No 58 129.96 130.93 NB 55 50 3 203 C No 70 132.72 134.82 NB 55 50 3 170 C No 6770 116.75 129.67 SB 55 55 3 163 C No 58 130.93 130.02 SB 55 50 3 268 C No 70 135.65 132.72 SB 55 50 3 198 C No 6770
OTHER PAY EQUATIONS PAY EQUATIONS FOR REGIONAL MAINTENANCE PROJECTS PAY EQUATIONS FOR THIN OVERLAY OR DIAMOND GRINDING PAY EQUATIONS FOR RECONSTRUCTION
PAY ADJUSTMENT EQUATIONS FOR REGIONAL MAINTENANCE PROJECTS
PAY ADJUSTMENT EQUATIONS FOR REGIONAL MAINTENANCE PROJECTS LANES WILL ONLY BE TESTED IF TOTAL LANE MILES ARE GREATER THAN ONE (1) MILE IN LENGTH, WITH CONTINOUS PAVING SEGMENTS OF OVER HALF (½) MILE TARGET IRI IS BASED ON PERCETANGE IMPROVEMENT (ONE LIFT =49%, TWO LIFTS = 34%) MAXIMUM POSITIVE ADJUSTMENT SAME AS OTHER PA EQUATIONS MAXIMUM NEGATIVE ADJUSTMENT = $100 NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE ADJUSTMENT RATIO -2:1
COMPARISON OF PA Pay Adjustment (Dollar) 70 50 30 10-10 -30-50 -70-90 -110 TARGET IRI = 63 Inch/Mile REGIONAL MAINTENANCE PROJECTS 50 29,$50 50 0 0 0 50 100 150 200-100 IRI (Inch/Mile) 170,-$100 Pay Adjustment (Dollar) 150 50 50 38,$50 50 0 0-50 0 20 40 60-100 80 100 120 140 160-150 -250-350 -450-550 STANDARD SPEC FOR ALL PROJECTS TARGET IRI = 63 Inch/Mile IRI (Inch/Mile) 138,-$500
PA FOR THIN OVERLAY/ DIAMOND GRINDING NO OR MINOR IMPROVEMENT IN EXISTING CONDITION TARGET IRI IS EQUAL OR SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN EXISTING AVERAGE IRI.
NEW CONSTRUCTION OR RECONSTRUCTION BASE IRI AS BELOW: FREEWAY STATE HIGHWAY ABOVE 35 MPH STATE HIGHWAY 35MPH OR BELOW 45 INCH/MILE 60 INCH/MILE 70 INCH/MILE ALL OTHER FACTORS I.E. SPEED, EXISTING CONDITION, TYPE OF PAVEMENT ARE EQUAL TO 1. IMPEDIMENTS WILL BE COUNTED AND EXCLUDED.
EXCLUSIONS IMPEDIMENTS SHORT SECTIONS STRUCTURE DECK OVERLAY
IMPEDIMENTS IMPEDIMENTS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING METAL IMPEDIMENTS, SUCH AS UTILITY COVERS, MANHOLES, CATCH BASINS AND INLETS, LOCATED IN THE LANE AND IN SHOULDERS, IF SHOULDER PAVED SEPERATELY. THE EXCLUSION LENGTH FOR METAL IMPEDIMENTS IS 20 LF EACH.
IMPEDIMENTS (Contd.) TRANSVERSE JOINTS THAT SEPARATE THE NEW PAVEMENT FROM AN EXISTING PAVEMENT, INTERSECTIONS, RAILROAD CROSSINGS, AND OTHER FEATURES IN THE PAVEMENT DEEMED BY THE DESIGNER TO BE POTENTIAL IMPEDIMENT TO ACHIEVING A SMOOTH RIDE QUALITY.
IMPEDIMENTS
Figure 5
EXCLUSIONS IMPEDIMENTS SHORT SECTIONS STRUCTURE DECK OVERLAY
SHORT SECTIONS ARE ANY SEGMENT WITHIN THE CONTINOUS SECTION OF PAVED LANE THAT ARE EXCLUDED FROM REST OF THE PROJECT DUE TO DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH ACHIEVING TARGET IRI.
SHORT SECTIONS FOR EXAMPLE INTERSECTIONS, L-TURN LANES ETC. EXCLUSION THRESHOLD VALUE = LENGTH OF SS + 20
L FIGURE 9 PAVING BOTH DIRECTIONS UNDER THE CONTRACT 1. Do not count L as SS for lane 1 for any width of W L. 2. Count all metals located within left shoulder as IM for Lane 1, if W L 6' ' 3. Count A as IM for Lane 1 of both directions, if W L 6'. 4. Do not Count any metal or manhole A as IM, if W L >6'. PAVING ONE DIRECTION UNDER THE CONTRACT 5. Count L for lane 1, if W L 6'. 6. Count A as IM for Lane 1, if W L 6'. 7. Do not count L for lane 1 as SS, if W L >6'. 8. Do not count any metal located within left shoulder, if W L >6. RIGHT SHOULDER 9. Count SS for lane 2, if W R 6'. 10. Do not Count SS for lane 2, if W R >6'.
FIGURE 10 CROSSING OVER LONGITUDINAL JOINT
FUGURE 11 PAVING U-TURN UNDER THE CONTRACT 1. Do not Count L as SS, if W R ó6' NOT PAVING U-TURN UNDER THE CONTRACT 1. Count L as SS, if W R <6' 2. Do not count L as SS, if W R >6'
FIGURE 8 LENGTH OF L-TURN LANE
EXCLUSIONS IMPEDIMENTS SHORT SECTIONS STRUCTURE DECK OVERLAY
STRUCTURES (SR) SR IS BARE CONCRETE DECK. THRESHOLD LENGTH IS 50 FT. ACTUAL LIMIT OF BRIDGE DECK NOT PAVED WILL BE DETERMINED DURING PAY ADJUSTMENT.
STRUCTURE APPROACH SLABS PAVEMENT BRIDGE DECK C IF APPROACH SLABS ARE PAVED, 50 FT FOR EACH SLAB WILL BE EXCLUDED. PAVEMENT BRIDGE DECK C IF ONE APPROACH SLAB IS PAVED, 50 FT FOR THE PAVED APPROACH SLAB WILL BE EXCLUDED. PAVEMENT BRIDGE DECK C IF PAVING STOP BEFORE APPROACH DUE TO UNPAVED APPROACHES OR DIFFERENT MIX I.E. BDWSC, ADDITIONAL TRANVERSE JOINT WILL BE EXCLUDED I.E. STOP AND GO.
EXCLUSIONS IMPEDIMENTS SHORT SECTIONS STRUCTURE DECK OVERLAY
DECK OVERLAY BRIDGE DECKS, APPROACH SLABS AND TRANSITIONS SLABS ON STRUCTURES WHICH ARE OVERLAID. SEPARATE PAY EQUATIONS WILL BE APPLIED FOR BRIDGE DECK OVERLAY
TRANSEVERSE JOINTS
TRANSVERSE JOINTS EXCLUSION FOR STOP AND GO PAVING ONE LOT (=52.8 FT) FOR TRANSVERSE JOINT AT THE BEGINNING AND END OF THE PROJECT ONE LOT FOR EACH STOP AND RESUMPTION OF PAVING WITHIN THE PROJECT LIMITS DUE TO STAGING
CASE STUDY-RT 9 EXCLUSIONS
EXCLUSION FOR TRANSVERSE JOINTS ON RT 9
Intersection Rt 9 NB MP 123.12 Inlet LANE 1- SS IS COUNTED WIDE SHOULDER PAVING IN SEPERATION OPERATION Lane 3 SS AND INLET ARE NOT COUNTED
Rt 9 NB MP 123.19 LANE 1 INLET IS COUNTED AS IM INLET
Rt 9 NB MP 123.78 INLET INLET IS NOT COUNTED AS IM FOR LANE 3
Rt 9 NB MP 131.36 UNPAVED APPROACH DECK JOINT NO SR IS COUNTED FOR ANY LANE. DUE TO STOP IN PAVING, ONE LOT IS EXCLUDED AS SS
Rt 9 NB MP 129.78 DUE TO CURVE, THIS SECTION OF RT 9 IS EXCLUDED FROM RQR.
Rt 9 SB MP 129.92 DUE TO CURVE, THIS SECTION OF RT 9 IS EXCLUDED FROM RQR.
Rt 9 MP NB 124.91 Paving U-TURN IS NOT COUNTED AS SS FOR ANY LANE
Rt 9 NB MP 130.09 INLET IS COUNTED AS AN IM FOR LANE 2
SUMMARY OF EXCLUSIONS
SUMMARY SOUTH BOUND
Rt 130 NB at MP 9.04
Rt 130 NB MP 9.27 RAIL ROAD If Rail track, IM for both lanes.
FOR ANY GENERAL RIDE QUALITY RELATED QUESTIONS, SEND EMAIL TO RQSpecSupport@dot.state.nj.us