Letter Latitude Longitude A B C D E F G

Co-ordinates Problem Using your dividers and the chartlet on the following page complete this table. Letter Latitude Longitude A B C D E F G

Nautical Charts Review. Questions 1. A Mercator projection is made by transferring the spherical surface of the earth onto a 2: Parallels of latitude increase numerically northward and southward from the to 90 at the earth's 3. Any position on a nautical chart can be expressed in terms of and 4. Chart # 1 shows all the and the used on nautical charts 5 A large-scale chart covers a small area and shows more details and features than a small-scale chart. True or False?

Use Chart #1 to Identify these symbols Symbol # Description Symbol # Description Cy Wd

Chart & Symbols Exercise Use chart IC/CA 9997 Q1. What is the position of the P in Bears Rump Island? Q2. What is at position 45 18.2 N 081 34.7 W? Q3 What is the depth at position 45 24.3 N 081 23.8 W? Q4 What is the type of bottom at this position? Q5. What is the position of the flashing light on Half Moon Island? Q6. There is a buoy to the south of Half Moon Island what is it? Q7. How far away from the light in Question 5 is the buoy in Question 6? Q8. What is the depth at the position of the buoy in Question 6? Q9. What are the co-ordinates of the centers of the two compass roses on the right hand side of the chart? Q10.How would you describe the area between Bruce and Peninsula? Q11.What is at position 45 18.9 N 081 38.2 W? Q12. What does the symbol on Snake Island position 45 20.4 N 081 37.5 W indicate?

Documents Exercise From memory list the documents a prudent navigator would have on board 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Navigation Aids Exercise From memory list the Navigations Aids typically carried and used by a prudent pleasure craft skipper. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

TVMDC Exercises Use the deviation table to complete this table. T V M D C 13W 073 352 05E 12W 162 23E 191 08W 226 154 6E 10E 350 9W 327 355 14W 090 11E

Measuring Distance and Direction Complete the table using your dividers, your plotter, and the plotting sheet on the next page A to B A to C E to B D to C B to D A to E E to D D to A B to A E to A A to D B to C D to B C to A B to E C to D C to B D to E Distance (Miles) Direction (Degrees)

Plotting Tools Exercise Use Practice Plotting Sheet #1 on the next page. Put a dot surrounded by a small circle at the positions below: Use your dividers and/or plotter to measure the co-ordinates. Plotting Positions M: N: O: P: 45 28.8 N 081 36.1 W 45 32.6 N 081 32.5 W 45 27.4 N 081 29.3 W 45 36.2 N 081 22.1 W Plotting a Course Use your plotter to add lines from each of the positions at the angle given. Make the lines long enough to reach another position. M: 044 N: 149 O: 039 P: 242

Distance, Speed, Time Exercise Here are some exercises to confirm your understanding. Fill in the blanks. Speed Time Distance 5.0 Kts 12 mins 1 hr 30 mins 12 nm 4.0 Kts 20 mins 17 mins 2.0 nm 11.3 Kts 1.5 nm 28 mins 2.0 nm 3.8 Kts 2.1 nm

PLOTTING EXERCISES DR Plotting Exercise 1 Use the blank practice plotting and log sheets provided on the following pages. You may find it helpful to fill in a logbook page as you go along, especially for TVMDC. The variation is 10 West. You depart at 09:30 from position 45 26.6 N 081 35.8 W at a speed of 4 knots on a compass course of 045. Plot the position as a GPS fix. After two hours you turn onto a compass heading of 090. Your speed remains at 4 knots. 90 minutes later you speed drops to 2 knots. You sail on for another hour hoping the wind will increase. It doesn t and you decide to drop sails and motor back to your departure point. What compass course do you need to steer and what time, assuming a speed of 6 knots, will you arrive? Hints: Remember to use the variation. Remember to use the deviation table. Plot everything in degrees true.

Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist ETA Remarks

DR Plotting Exercise 2 Use the blank practice plotting and log sheets provided on the following pages. Your first cruise starts at 08:45 at A and proceeds alphabetically to arrive back at A. Your speed on each leg is shown in the table. a) Assume each letter becomes a fix when you arrive at it. Variation 12 E A to B Leg 1 4.0 knots While completing the log calculate an B to C Leg 2 4.5 knots ETA for each letter. C to D Leg 3 5.0 knots Note Lat & Long for all fixes and DR s. D to E Leg 4 3.0 knots E to A Leg 5 2.5 knots b) Now on the second plotting sheet do the same cruise in reverse as shown in the following table starting at 08:45. Variation 10 W Assume each letter becomes a fix when you arrive at it. A to E Leg 1 3.0 knots While completing the log calculate an E to D Leg 2 2.5 knots ETA for each letter. D to C Leg 3 4.5 knots Note Lat & Long for all fixes and DR s. C to B Leg 4 4.0 knots B to A Leg 5 5.0 knots

Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist ETA Remarks

Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist ETA Remarks

DR Plotting Exercise 3 Use Starfish Island plotting sheet (next Page), variation 3.5 E 1999 (2 W). Imagine you are on the boat as you do this exercise. Complete the plot and log sheet noting position of all DR s as you progress. You depart from position 43 56.0 N 078 04.5 W at 0845. Plot this as a GPS fix. You set a course to arrive at a point 1.1 miles south of Tip O Bay light. Your speed is 5.6 knots. When you arrive at this point you change to compass course to 062. At what time do you get closest to land and how far off will you be? At 1040 you head due north at a speed of 6.0 knots. At 1120 you change course to point the boat at the water tower and your speed drops to 3.1 knots. At 1220 you change compass course to 305 and speed increases to 4.0 knots. How far were you from the water tower when you changed course? At 1320 you head due west (true), speed changes to 2.7 knots. At 1420 you head back to your starting point at a speed of 3.9 knots. What time do you expect to arrive back at the start?

Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist ETA Remarks

Aids to Navigation Exercise 1. You see a green light ahead with a 2 + 1 flashing sequence. What does this mean? 2. Describe the top marks of a West Cardinal buoy. 3. What does this symbol indicate? 4. What colour light would you find on a starboard hand buoy? 5. A buoy is numbered A165. What colour is it? 6. Describe an Isolated Danger buoy (colour, top marks, lights). 7. VQ(6)+LFI)10s. Decipher this sequence and identify the colour of the light. 8. Your course is 265 true and you are heading straight at the buoy indicated in the previous question. What do you do? 9. Explain this light characteristic Fl(3)12s18m14M(U). 10. You see a red and white striped buoy ahead. 10.1. What is it? 10.2. What colour light does it have? 10.3. What is its light sequence 10.4. What do you do?

Fixes Exercise 1 Using a hand-bearing compass at 1247 buoy G171 bears 078 and buoy R172 325. What is your position at 1247? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Fixes Exercise 2 Using a hand-bearing compass at 1425 buoy G173 bears 061, buoy R174 001, and the light station 124. What is your position at 1425? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Running Fix Exercise 1 At 1015 you take a bearing to the water tower of 044 using your hand-bearing compass. What is the latitude and longitude of your EP at 1015? At 1130 you get another bearing to the Water Tower of 314. 1. What is your position at 1130? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Running Fix Two Objects Exercise At 1300 buoy G171 bears 153 on your hand-bearing compass. At 1400 buoy R173 bears 270 on your hand-bearing compass. What is your position at 1400? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Bow / Beam Exercise 1 Use the plotting sheet on the next page. Your course is 114 true and your speed is 5.0 knots. You take the bow bearing at 0906 and the beam bearing at 0952. Calculate the hand bearing compass bearings. Plot your position and determine your latitude and longitude. Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Bow/Beam Running Fix Exercise 2 You plan to use your hand-bearing compass to do a bow beam running fix using buoy R172. 1. What are the expected compass bearings and times? Your actual times for the two bearings are 1248 and 1315. 2. What is your position at 1315? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Danger Bearing Exercise 1 Use the plotting sheet on the next page for this exercise. You are somewhere in the south west corner of the diagram and wish to pass safely between the Little Rock and Big Rock shoals; never getting closer than a half mile to either of them. Use a variation of 14ºE and a boat speed of 5 knots for this exercise. What are the danger bearings you would use assuming you will be using a hand held compass? You decide to set your course to be in the middle of your danger bearings. What compass course would you steer? What would be the closest distance from land you would experience on this course? Complete and label the plot.

Current Navigation Exercise 1 At 1036 you get bearings of 017 to G173 and 286 to R174 using a hand-bearing compass. Are you experiencing any current and if so what are its characteristics? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Current Exercise 2 Assuming you knew the Set and Drift from the previous question at 0936 and the track to your destination is 101 true what is your CTS and SOA? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Current Exercise 3 Assume ETAs become arrival times. You wish to travel from point A to point B at a boat speed of 6 knots. There is a current of 2 knots flowing with a direction of 100. You leave point A at 0945. What course do you steer and at what time do you expect to be at point B? Having arrived at point B you decide to change course towards point C. Your boat speed drops to 5 knots. The current has changed to a direction of 140 at the same speed. What course do you steer and at what time do you expect to be at point C? Time Obs Latitude Longitude T V M D C Spd Dist Remarks

Tide Table Exercises Use the Tide Table extracts in Section 14. 1. What were the times and heights of high waters at Harrington Harbour on July 6 th 2000? 2. What were the times and heights of high waters at Natashquan on July 6 th 2000? 3. What are the times and heights of high and low waters at Gethsemani on August 22 nd 2000? 4. What are the times and heights of high and low waters at Blanc-Sablon on September 23 rd 2000? 5. What are the times and heights of high and low waters at Saint-Augustin on July 31 st 2000? 6. What were the times and heights of high waters at Natashquan on July 1 st 2000? 7. What were the times and heights of the low waters on July 5 th 2000 in North Lake Harbour? 8. What were the times and heights of low water at Natashquan during daylight on August 6 th 2000? 9. What were the times and heights of high waters at Baie Johan-Beetz on September 11 th 2000? 10. What were the times and heights of low water at Baie Johan-Beetz during daylight on August 25 th 2000? 11. What were the times and heights of the high waters on August 2 nd 2000 in Savage Harbour? 12. What were the times and heights of high waters at Mingan on July 2 nd 2000? 13. What were the times and heights of low water at Tignish on August 2 nd 2000? 14. Scenario: Your boat has a draft of 5 feet and a chock height of 3 feet. The weather forecast is fair and the charted depth is 6.0 feet. You arrive in Natashquan at 10:00 on 1 st July 2000 and anchor in the bay. Lunch consists of several bottles of Canadian Club in honour of Canada Day, which results in you falling asleep at approx. 12:00. Are you safe (ignoring the affects of alcohol)? 15. Scenario: Your boat has a draft of 5 feet and a chock height of 3 feet. You arrive in Baie Johann Beetz at 14:00 on 3 rd July 2000 and plan to anchor overnight. The weather forecast is fair and the charted depth is 10 feet. a. What length of anchor rode do you deploy? (Refer to Basic Cruising notes if you do not remember how to calculate scope) b. At what time does maximum depth occur? c. What is the minimum depth you experience?

Current Table Exercises Use the Current Table extracts in Section 14. 1. What was the time and rate of the maximum ebb current during daylight at Active Pass on August 23 rd 2005? 2. What were the times, rates, and directions of the maximum flood current at Race Passage on July 2 nd 2005? 3. What were the times, rates, and directions of the maximum flood and ebb currents at Sidney Channel on July 2 nd 2005? 4. What are the times of slack water at Active Pass on August 17 th 2005? 5. What are the times of slack water at Sansum Narrows on September 14 th 2005? 6. What time would you choose to pass through Trincomali Channel in a northerly direction during the afternoon of August 9 th 2005? 7. What was the time of maximum current during the morning at Boundary Passage on September 9 th 2005? 8. What were the times, rates, and directions of the maximum flood and ebb currents at Sansum Narrows on July 4 th 2005?

1. PRACTICE EXAM EXAMINATION OF ASHORE KNOWLEDGE This examination is a prerequisite to obtaining the Canadian Yachting Association (CYA) Coastal Navigation Standard. Time allowed: Three (3) Hours; this is a CLOSED BOOK exam Instructions: 1) Show all steps of your work clearly. All plotting must be neatly presented. Use neat, correct, labeling as per the current CYA logbook for all lines drawn on your chart. 2) Express all positions as latitude and longitude co-ordinates. 3) Submit the chart, this examination and all calculations and work relating to these pages to the invigilator. Standards of Accuracy: Latitude and Longitude nearest 0.2 minutes Time nearest minute 4 digits 24 hour clock Speed and Drift.. nearest 0.2 knots Distance...nearest 0.2 nautical miles Courses and Bearings.....nearest degree 3 digits - + T, M, or C Variation and Deviation......nearest degree + W or E Set..nearest degree 3 digits - + T, or M Height of Tide....nearest 0.1 feet or meters Materials Required: Chart 9997IC (based on 2235, Cape Hurd to Lonely Island - Sept. 24,1999) Deviation Table (attached) Canadian Tide and Current Tables Volume 5, 2007 (excerpt attached) Plotting tools Dividers and parallel rules or other plotting device Pencil, eraser, calculator (optional) Marking System: Part A (National)..... 50 marks Part B (Regional). 50 marks Total..... 100 marks Passing Grade 70 marks After marking, the exam will be reviewed with you by your instructor to ensure that you understand the correct responses to any of the questions you may have answered incorrectly. If you are unsuccessful initially, this exam may be rewritten no sooner than 14 days after the review.

PART A NATIONAL 1. In what document would you find corrections to Charts, Radio Aids to Marine Navigation, List of Lights, Buoys & Fog Signals? 2. Name at least 4 other documents the prudent navigator would have on board. 3. Aids to Navigation or Navigation Aids. Which would the prudent navigator have on board? How many and what? 4. When planning an entry into a strange harbour which scale chart would you use? a. Largest scale available b. Smallest scale available 5. Explain the following abbreviations and complete the table. Abbreviation Explanation Related Aid to Navigation FlR VQ(3) 5s FlG(2+1) Fl(9) 15s 10m 12M 6. You plan to anchor in good weather conditions in a well protected bay with a charted depth of 3 metres. Your chock height is 1 metre and the tide tables indicate a higher high water of 6.5 metres and a lower low water of 2.5 metres. Show all calculations. a. What is the minimum depth? b. What is the maximum depth? c. How much anchor rode do you use? 7. Name the following, give the colour of any associated light, and locate the safe water (assume travelling in the upstream direction).

G Aid Name Light Colour Safe Water BY RGR WHIS FlY OrW Fl(2+1) G GRG

8. Where would you buy a copy of CHS Tide Tables? 9. Identify the following chart symbols used on CHS charts. # + G (4) G 5Kn 10. What are the light characteristics of: a) a Port hand buoy? b) a Fairway buoy? c) a North Cardinal? 11. Circle the chart scale which will show the least detail 1:600,000 1:125,000 1:40,000

12. What is the time and rate of the maximum ebb current at Dodd Narrows on April 11 th 2005 What is the time and rate of the associated ebb current at False Narrows? 13. What is the time and height of the highest predicted tide at St. Peters Bay (secondary port index 1935) during daylight on 29 th August 2000? 14. Proceeding downstream in low visibility you suddenly see a buoy with a triangular topmark dead ahead. Which way do you turn? Hrs 15. On the morning of June 17 th your position is 47º 29.9 N 070º 14.8 W COURANT DES MARÉES MOYENNES / TIDAL STREAMS, MEAN TIDES Basé sur PM (Québec)/Referred to HW (Québec) Basé sur PM (Pte-au-Père)/Referred to HW (Pte-au- Père) 47 24.4' N 47 25.6' N 47 26.1' N 47 28.4' N 47 27.2' N 070 27.3' W 070 26.1' W 070 24.1' W 070 13.5' W 070 10.8' W -6 202 3.4 kn 227 3.4 kn 240 1.7 kn 052 3.0 kn 035 2.8 kn -6-5 202 3.7 kn 227 3.7 kn 251 2.9 kn 052 3.1 kn 030 2.4 kn -5-4 202 3.8 kn 227 3.8 kn 246 3.6 kn 052 2.6 kn 034 1.8 kn -4-3 202 2.5 kn 220 2.5 kn 246 2.8 kn 043 1.7 kn 050 1.6 kn -3-2 180 0.8 kn renversement/turning 230 1.3 kn variable 0.7 kn variable 0.7 kn -2-1 024 1.7 kn 060 1.7 kn variable 1.0 kn 240 1.4 kn 215 1.2 kn -1 PM 040 1.2 kn 062 1.2 kn 075 1.2 kn 230 2.5 kn 212 1.7 kn HW +1 028 3.7 kn 048 3.7 kn 076 3.0 kn 230 2.5 kn 223 1.7 kn +1 +2 020 4.7 kn 041 4.7 kn 070 3.2 kn 233 1.7 kn 225 1.5 kn +2 +3 018 4.0 kn 037 4.0 kn 083 4.3 kn 260 0.8 kn 224 0.6 kn +3 +4 013 3.2 kn 032 3.2 kn 082 3.8 kn 021 1.0 kn 030 1.0 kn +4 +5 013 2.2 kn 032 2.2 kn 084 2.4 kn 040 1.8 kn 025 2.1 kn +5 +6 340 0.8 kn renversement/turning 085 1.1 kn +6 Hrs Determine the following characteristics of the current in the area: a) Name of the reference port: b) At the reference port high water describe the current characteristic at your location in local time: Time: Rate: Direction:

16. You are sailing Time Savour along the range toward land. The current year variation is 10ºW and your steering compass indicates 143º. There is no current or leeway. a) What is your calculated deviation? b) Is the deviation table for Time Savour correct? c) List 2 possible causes of erroneous compass readings. i) ii) Deviation table Extract for Time Savour Magnetic Deviation Compass 090 3E 087 105 3E 102 120 2E 118 135 1W 136 150 2W 152 165 2W 167 180 1W 181 17. Using the following information from the compass roses calculate the variation that you would use for the current year. a. 007ºE 1999 (11 W) b. 005ºW 1997 (3 W) c. 012ºE 2003 (15 E) d. 014ºW 2005 (14 W) 18. Your compass heading is 179º, the variation is 7ºE and you are experiencing a strong easterly wind giving rise to 3º of leeway. What compass course do you need to steer to compensate for the leeway? Show all calculations.

PART B REGIONAL Use chart IC/CA 9997 1. You depart from a position exactly 1.5 miles due west of the triangulation point on Bears Rump Island at 0930. You set a course for the light on Half Moon Island at a speed of 5 knots. Complete the table and the plot. T V M D C Distance ETA 2. At 1030 you change course and head for South Point (triangulation point) On Club Island. Complete the table and the plot. T V M D C Distance ETA 3. At 1130 you use your hand-bearing compass and get these bearings. a. 313 Wall Island Light (Fl4S 41 ft) b. 035 Lonely Island Light (FlG) c. 250 Lucas Island Light (FlR 4S 48 ft) a) What is your position? b) What are the characteristics of the current you have experienced? 4. At 1130 you change course to head for McCarthy Point on Fitzwilliam Island. Your speed reduces to 4 knots. Use graphical methods to determine the course to steer. Use the current determined in question 3. Complete the table and the plot. T V M D C Distance ETA

5. At 1300 you get a GPS fix of 45 28.6 N 081 38.4 W. What is you Course made good and your speed made good? 6. Ignore the current from now on. At 1300 you change course to 102 true and maintain speed. You plan to use the bow and beam technique to establish your position using the light on Halfmoon Island. You do not have a pelorus or other sighting device and intend to use your hand-bearing compass. a) What are the compass readings you will be looking for? b) At what times would you expect to take the bearings? 7. You take the bow bearing at 1454. Immediately after making the appropriate entry in your navigator s notebook you notice something in the water just north of your position. After engaging the autopilot to maintain course you visually investigate with binoculars. By the time you return to your navigation duties the light has gone past the beam. At 1512 you take a hand compass bearing of 215. a. What is your position at 1512? b. Are you where you expected to be? c. If not how far off are you? d. Explanation?

8. You are somewhere in the south west corner of the chartlet. Plot and label clearing bearings using the twelve foot contour to be able to safely sail towards Tip O Bay between Big Rock and Little Rock shoals.