Vertebrate Control Products and Potential Hazards Rose Kachadoorian Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Wildlife Control Operator Conference 2017 4034 Fairview Industrial Dr SE, Salem OR 97302 April 22nd, 2017
Topics What are pesticides Licensing How to find out what is registered. Some of the common rodent control products Hazards What are pesticide devices
Definition What is a pesticide? Any substance or mixture of substances intended for: preventing destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest. Pest means any vertebrate or invertebrate animal, pathogen, weed.. which can cause disease or damage to crops, humans, animals or property.
License Type Commercial applicator license Allows you to use pesticides (general or restricteduse) on someone else's property. Allows you to supervise a licensed pesticide trainee or apprentice. Allows you to provide RUP advice (limited to categories on your license). Need to work for Licensed Pesticide Operator (Business) Categories must match the type of pesticide work that will be done. Tests required Laws and safety and at least one category.
License Type Public applicator license You must work for a state or federal agency, county, city, municipality, railroad, public utility or other public employer. Allows you to use restricted-use pesticides for your public employer. Allows you to use fuel or electric-powered sprayers or spreaders. Allows you to provide RUP advice (limited to categories on your license). May supervise a licensed pesticide trainee or apprentice. Categories must match the type of pesticide work that will be done. Tests required Laws and safety and at least one category.
Examples of Categories Agricultural: Vertebrate pest: The use of pesticides in agricultural areas for the control of vertebrate pests, other than livestock predators. Forest: The use of pesticides on forest lands or in the production of forest crops. Regulatory Pest Control: For USDA Employees only, Use of M-44 devices (sodium cyanide) and In the past, the Livestock Protection Collar, sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080).
Responsibilities of licensed applicators Recordkeeping requirement Earn 40 credits over a 5-year period (Commercial and Public Applicators) Exhibit professional behavior. Be aware and respectful of concerns. Do your homework and be aware of your surroundings. Practice co-existence All Applications Must Read and Follow Label Directions
Lists Various Recordkeeping Requirements Oregon Addendum Lists Various Recordkeeping Requirements. Download for free http://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/pesticides/licensing/pages/examsstudymaterials.aspx
Be Aware - Worker Protection Standard (WPS) Requirements in ag and forestry Vertebrate pest control applications for the purposes of crop protection are covered by WPS. Rodenticide labels will be updated to more clearly indicate WPS. Important if non-certified applicators are making applications, or Workers enter treated areas within 30 days of the expiration of the Restricted Entry Interval (REI).
How do I find out what is legal? Most vertebrate pesticide labels state: Do not apply to any site, against any pest, or by any method of application or timing not stated on this label. Find a label that has the site that you are interested in treating, and the see if the pest is listed under that site. Consider using WSU PICOL to start with, but still need to review the labels http://cru66.cahe.wsu.edu/labels/labels.php
Need to carefully review each label. Call ODA if in doubt.
Example of Label Found via PICOL Gophers
Rodenticide labels are similar to other pesticide labels, in that they are site specific. However, they are different than other pesticide labels, in that they are pest specific and method specific. DIRECTIONS FOR USE It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. READ THIS LABEL: Read this entire label and follow all use directions and use precautions. Use only for the sites, pests, and application methods described on this label. Unique to Rodenticide Labels
Statements regarding Non-target Exposure ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS This product is extremely toxic to mammals, birds and other wildlife. Scavenging mammals and birds might be poisoned if they feed upon animals that have eaten this bait (secondary poisoning). ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSIDERATION The use of this product may pose a hazard to Federally designated endangered/ threatened species. It is a Federal offense to use any pesticide in a manner that results in the death of a member of an endangered species. Consult the nearest U S Fish and Wildlife Service regional office or the appropriate State Agency for current information on habitats occupied by endangered species. Many labels list specific E/T species.
Example Washington Ground Squirrel Not in Western Oregon, but it is a listed species
EPA s Endangered Species Program Bulletins Live! Two No Bulletins in the Pacific NW (but we have Salmon Mapper Most bulletins are to protect E/T mammals from rodenticides.
Statements regarding Non-target Exposure MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT (USFWS) Unlawful to kill any migratory bird, except as permitted by regulation. In North America, all birds are considered migratory EXCEPT for: Upland game birds (e.g. grouse, ptarmigans, prairiechickens, quail, ring-necked pheasant and wild turkey) and Introduced bird species (e.g. European starling, house sparrow, and rock dove). Some pesticide labels state: Any bird deaths caused by application of this pesticide is a violation of both state and federal law.
ODA Pesticide Advisory - June 2015 ALERT - Use of Ramik Brown (a.i. diphacinone) in Hazelnut Orchards for Ground Squirrel Control. Issues included: Complaint - Numerous dead animals (various types of squirrels) and birds (robins, doves, and starlings). Grower was using bait stations (method not on label for nut crops), at a time of year not on label. ODA investigative staff and a US Fish and Wildlife Service Special Agent did observe: Several carcasses of birds protected under the Migratory Bird Act in and around the orchard Black birds entering bait stations and consuming bait.
Video of blackbird going in and out of bait station, obtaining rodenticide. Three inch pipe allows access by non-target species to rodenticide
Ramik Brown - NUT ORCHARDS EPA Reg. No. 61282-45 USE RESTRICTIONS: For control of pine and meadow voles in Nut Orchards.. FOR PINE AND MEADOW VOLE CONTROL Timing: Apply after fall harvest (including drops), before new spring growth, and when three, rain-free days are expected. For other USE RESTRICTIONS, PRE-APPLICA TION, APPLICATION, AND POST-APPLICATION DIRECTIONS, see use directions for pine and meadow voles in fruit orchards above. Apply only by hand spot baiting and ground broadcasting and aerial broadcast. Ground and/or Tree Squirrels are not a listed pest under nut trees.
Ex. Blackbird directly eating bait Wildlife - Primary Exposure Rodenticides applied as bait products pose risks to wildlife from primary exposure (direct consumption of rodenticide bait). Birds and mammals that are attracted to seeds and grains may consume grain-based rodenticide baits and baits with similar shapes.
Ex. Blackbird directly eating bait, and raptor eating sick blackbird Secondary Poisoning Secondary exposure (predators / scavengers consume prey with rodenticides present in body tissues). In the hazelnut orchard, an owl was sitting directly above the bait station.
Golden Eagle Eaglet (approx. 5 weeks old) died 7 days after photograph. Two were in nest, younger one was already dead and decayed. Studies of nestlings near Sisters, Oregon were part of a larger study investigating lead exposure in nestling golden eagles in eastern and central Oregon. Researchers noticed something seriously wrong with eaglets in a particular nest. Necropsy report described parasite infested, blood caked chick, unable to fight off parasites. Meat still in the stomach. Older eaglet (pictured) tested positive for the rodenticide, brodifacoum in liver.
Massive Misapplication Rozol (chlorophacinone) Meyer Ranch - South and North Dakota March 2016, Twenty-two (22) 1800-pound bags of Rozol were applied to 5,408 acres of pastureland, using 5-gallon buckets with spoons, resulting in significant, broadly dispersed surface application. Surface application of Rozol is prohibited by FIFRA. Local citizens started seeing dead animals in the pasture Law enforcement authorities visited the facility, and saw large areas of pastureland.. with misapplied Rozol. The Rozol was easy to see as it was bright bluish/green in color. They also saw dead bald eagles and dead prairie dogs in areas where Rozol had been misapplied.
Brodifacoum - 88% of the secondary poisoning incidents of raptors Remember the lower the number the more toxic
Remember the lower the number the more toxic
Houston Chronicle Kaput Feral Hog Bait, a pesticide containing the anticoagulant warfarin
Oregon has several ODA issued Special Local Need pesticide registrations, under FIFRA Section 24(c). ZnP pellets and grain bait: Several year round below ground only for grapes, clover grown for seed, and grass grown for seed. Vole Control. ZnP pellets and grain bait: Several above-ground only for clover grown for seed, and grass grown for seed. Restricted time period due to concerns about geese.
Another example of a living SLN. It is updated frequently Beldings Ground Squirrel Powdered Zinc Phosphide Potentially - Dangerous to use SITES: Can be applied to the following crops grown for hay: alfalfa, grass, and mixed grass/alfalfa, permanent and seasonal pasture.. a 75-foot border area adjacent to and abutting these listed sites (including circle corners) may also be treated. Before purchasing, mixing or applying this product, a person must first receive special training on the use of this product conducted by the Oregon Department of Agriculture. This training is required prior to initial purchase/mixing/use, and every 36 months after the initial training.
Below ground use of chlorophacinone Forestry sites, including conifer site preparation areas. The label also includes the restrictions, Do not apply to any site, against any pest, or by any method of application not stated on this label. For use to control mountain beavers only. To reduce risk to non-target species, including endangered species, the label states: Do not apply this product from mid-may to September 1 when juvenile mountain beavers are present, due to concerns with secondary poisoning of non-target animals.
Unregulated Device
Regulated Device
U.S. EPA If they have an engine creating the exhaust gas, this would be considered a device which does not require registration. If they are only using the engine then they are not obligated to do anything under FIFRA. The manufacturer of the engine, if they advertised it as a pesticide device, would need to: Register their establishment, Report amounts produced annually and, Appropriately label the product as a device (display EPA Est. No. and no false and misleading claims).
Rose Kachadoorian Oregon Department of Agriculture (503) 986-4651