Phylum Arthropoda ( joint + leg )=jointed appendages
Molt
Compound eye oldest eye (500 myo)
Great range Hundreds of small images make a single image of ~360
Group 1: Trilobites
Group 2: Horseshoe crabs Not a crab
Median eye Eye Moveable spines Telson Prosoma/cephalothorax Opisthosoma/abdomen Horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus In Greek mythology, Polyphemus was a cyclops
Group 3: Pycnogonids sea spiders ; not spiders
Rostrum Carapace Antenna Pleura/abdominal segment Telson Antennule Pereopod/propodus Pleopod Uropod Red shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus
Propodus Palp/maxilliped Cheliped Dactyl Abdomen Telson Pleopod Carapace Crabs, Ovalipes, left, Callinectes similus, right
Farfantepenaeus duorarum Farfantepenaeus aztecus Sicyonia Litopenaeus setiferus Palaemonetes vulgaris
Pitho Platylambrus Libinia Stenorhynchus Persephona
Krill Squilla empusa Not decapods Isopod Amphipod
Group 5: Ostracods
Group 6: Copepods Eggs
25% are parasitic
Group 7: Cirripedes (barnacles)
to any substrate living or nonliving
Two shells Filter feeding cirri Stalk
Hepatus epheliticus Calappa flammea
Emerita talpoida
Dromidia antillensis
Ocypode quadrata
Balanus amphitrite
Phylum Brachiopoda 2 shells
Phylum Bryozoa
Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Pentametry
Others All marine
Arm Arm spine Tube feet Madreporite Mouth Ambulacra Anus aboral Sea star, Echinaster oral
Four major groups: crinoids, sea stars, urchins and cucumbers Group 1: Crinoids cirri
Group 2: sea stars
Armless
Group 3: Echinoids (urchins)
Plates/test Spines Ambulacral groove Madreporite aboral Anus Sea urchin, Arbacia
Regular Aristotle s lantern= beak
Irregular Heart urchins and sand dollars Burrowers
Group 4: sea cucumbers
Phylum Hemichordata
Subphylum Urochordata Notochord
Subphylum Cephalochordata Notochord
Cirri Gills Notochord Myomeres Suckers Hemichordate, Branchiostoma (Amphioxus), top; Urochordate tadpole, bottom
Gills! Controls body temperature and fertilizes internally! No paired fins! Neither have scales!
Fish a vertebrate that does not have four legs
Hagfish Vertebrate? Give us eel skin
Lampreys Certainly more fish - like
Jawed fishes: two extinct groups
Class Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish Rays Sharks
Gill slits Dorsal fin Second dorsal Nostril Spiracle Pectoral fin Pelvic fin Anal fin Caudal fin Tail Shark, Squalus, top; ray, Raja, bottom
Buoyancy: never really successful in chondrichthyans
Respiration:
Predation
Crushing
Reproduction (all fertilize internally)
Shark or ray?
Class Actinopterygii Osteichthyes bony fish
Eye Lateral line Spinous dorsal Soft dorsal Caudal peduncle Caudal fin Dentary Scales Soft anal fin Maxilla Preopercle Opercle bone Pelvic fin Pectoral fin Anal spines Rockfish, Sebastes
Rovers
A m b u s h
Surface
Flat/bottom
Deep
Eel-like
Fins: pelvic Clingfish Goatfish
Pectoral
Dorsal and anal
Caudal Bursts Sustained Show Not much
Jaws also reflect feeding
Sensory organs
Gill openings
Swim bladder
Major groups of marine bony fish Eels Garden Moray Anguilla Conger
Ladyfish Tarpon Bonefish
Anchovy Menhaden Sardine
Arius felis Bagre marinus Catfishes Minnows are a major group of f/w fish
Salmon and trout
Deep forms including cod
Needlefish, flyingfish and killifish
Sea horses, pipefish, sea robins and scorpionfish
Most of the rest
Puffers and flatfish
Green Loggerhead Leatherback Ridleys Kemp s Olive
Fliers gulls, pelicans and terns Mostly Waders stilts and sandpipers Fully
Trichechus manatus
Sea lions Walrus Seals
Orca Dolphin Dolphins and porpoises Porpoise Pilot whale
Narwhals and belugas
Sperm whale Other toothed whales Beaked whale
Baleen whales: Blue, Humpback, Right, Gray, Minke