Feeding Digestive Lamprey uses teeth on tongue to cut hole in fish Produces anticoagulant chemical in saliva Lamprey ingests fish s body fluids Hagfish are deep water scavengers Basic digestive system (See invertebrates) Teeth are modified scales Different species have different shape teeth depending upon food type Pointy teeth for catching small fish Blade like teeth for biting off pieces of flesh Flat teeth for crushing shells The largest ones are filter feeders Basic digestive system with a Spiral Valve in the intestine
Some carnivores, some herbivores, some omnivores. Basic digestive system
Food passes through the mouth and esophagus, into the stomach. In the stomach, the food is partially broken down. Stomach Esophagus Mouth
In many fishes, the food is further processed in fingerlike pouches called pyloric ceca. The pyloric ceca secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients from the digested food. Pyloric cecum
The liver and pancreas add enzymes and other digestive chemicals to the food as it moves through the digestive tract. Liver Pancreas
Form and Function in Fishes The intestine completes the process of digestion and nutrient absorption. Intestine Only show Intestine label on this slide.
Form and Function in Fishes Others wastes are removed by kidneys. The kidneys of marine fishes concentrate wastes and return water to the body. Kidney
Some carnivores, some herbivores, some omnivores. Basic digestive system Larva - Some carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores Many have scraping teeth for algae Herbivores have long intestines Adults - almost all carnivores Simple teeth Frogs and toads catch food with long sticky tongue
Mouth Esophagus Stomach
Small intestine Stomach
Feeding Digestive Some carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores Simple teeth Snakes all carnivores Some have modified teeth to deliver venom that subdues prey and begins digestion Some constrict prey Crocodilians have crop-gizzard system to grind food
Form and Function in Reptiles Kidney Liver Heart Cloaca Bladder Digestive tract Lung
Some carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores No teeth Some have crop-gizzard system to grind food
Form, Function, and Flight Esophagus Crop When a bird eats, food moves down the esophagus and is stored in the crop.
Form, Function, and Flight First chamber of stomach Gizzard Moistened food passes to the stomach, a twopart chamber.
Form, Function, and Flight First chamber of stomach Gizzard The first chamber secretes acid and enzymes.
Form, Function, and Flight First chamber of stomach Gizzard The partially digested food moves to the second chamber, the gizzard.
The muscular walls of the Form, Function, gizzard and squeeze Flight the contents, while small stones grind the food. Gizzard
Some carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores Highly developed teeth Usually have multiple types of teeth for different jobs Incisors - holding and cutting food Molars - grinding and crushing food Some herbivores have modified stomach chambers called a rumen for bacterial digestion of cellulose
Form and Function in Mammals Jaws and Teeth of Mammals Carnivore Herbivore Canines Jaw joint Wolf Incisors Horse Jaw joint Molars and premolars
Canines: Canines are pointed teeth. Carnivores use them for piercing, gripping, and tearing. In herbivores, they are reduced or absent. Canines Wolf Horse
Incisors: Chisel-like incisors are used for cutting, gnawing, and grooming. Wolf Incisors Horse
Molars crush and grind food. The ridged shape of the wolf s molars and premolars allows them to interlock during chewing, like the blades of scissors. The broad, flattened molars and premolars of horses are adapted for grinding tough plants. Wolf Molars and premolars Horse
Feeding Vertebrate Digestive Systems Shark Salamander Lizard
Feeding Vertebrate Digestive Systems Pigeon Cow
The limbs and digits (fingers and toes) of many mammals are adapted to their particular way of life. Note the variety of lengths and shapes of the limb bones. Homologous bones are the same color in all the drawings. Monkey Horse Mole Bat Seal