Shifts in the Geopolitical Landscape and Their Impact on Petroleum Sector Capex Strategies Golden, CO April 14, 2016 Thomas A. Petrie, CFA Chairman, Petrie Partners
Figure 1 Chaos Prevails Russia Wins Policy Points. Now What? Al Qaeda helps Pro-Saudi Forces in Yemen 1
Figure 2 Expect the Unexpected China chills German economy (et al) Venezuela assembly head pulls no punches (nor does Maduro opposition) Russia disrupts (Baltics, Ukraine, Syria, IPO s, etc.) Saudi Aramco actually launches its IPO (upstream? downstream? petrochemicals?) Rapprochement between Iran and Saudi Arabia in 2016 (subject to five very unlikely conditions) WSJ Oil poker: Why Saudi Arabia won t fold (yet?) Iran s influence over Iraq escalates significantly The possible positives could translate into another self-defeating V-Shape recovery 2
Figure 3 Arab Spring Has Morphed Into Winter Tunisia Iraq Iran Western Sahara Algeria Libya Egypt Kuwait Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE Mauritania Mali Niger Chad Sudan A virtual Cold War condition now exists between Saudi Arabia and Iran 3
Figure 4 Overlapping Energy Power Triangles Russia Historical view: To US and West Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran New view to east India? China 4
Figure 5 Toward a New Realignment of Interests U.S. Oil Production by Type in New Policies Scenario 12 10 Peak Concerns re: Peak Oil!?? MMBopd 8 6 4 2 Light Tight Oil Other Unconventional Oil NGLS Crude Oil: Fields yet-to-be found Field yet-to-be developed Currently producing 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2035 Note: The World Energy Model supply model starts producing yet-to-find oil after it has put all yet-to-develop fields into production. In reality, some yet-to-find fields would start production earlier than shown in the figure. Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012. 5
Figure 6 Toward a New Realignment of Interests Top Three World Oil Producers 12.0 National Production (MMBopd) 10.0 8.0 6.0 + 4 MMBopd Russia Saudi Arabia U.S.A 4.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: EIA. Russia production includes crude oil and other liquids. 6
Figure 7 World Events and Oil Volatility Nominal Pricing (1971 2016 YTD) $160 $160 $140 $140 Fiscal Cliff fallout concerns Syrian civil war escalates $120 $120 $100 $100 $80 $80 $60 $60 $40 $40 $20 $20 Iran-Iraq War Saudis abandon begins; swing producer role; oil prices peak oil prices collapse Iranian Revolution Shah deposed Gulf War ends OPEC agrees to quotas 1973 Arab Oil Embargo Iraq invades Kuwait Prices spike on Iraq war, rapid demand increases, constrained OPEC capacity, low inventories, etc. Prices rise sharply on OPEC cutbacks, increased demand Iranian oil in production precipitates the decline Prices fall sharply on 9/11 attacks, economy weakness Back from the abyss Fear of global economic meltdown $0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Source: EIA. ISIS on rise Russia challenges Ukraine Saudis decline to play a swing producer role again Saudis considering partial sale of Saudi Aramco? 7
Figure 8 Toward a New Realignment of Interests Oil Supply Overhang in Perspective Global Oil Demand / Supply (MMBopd) 98 96 94 92 90 88 Global Supply Global Demand Demand is Greater than Supply Supply is Greater than Demand Historical Projected 86 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: EIA. 8
Figure 8* Toward a New Realignment of Interests Shifts in the Geopolitical Landscape and Their Impact on Petroleum Sector Capex Strategies Golden, CO April 14, 2016 Thomas A. Petrie, CFA Chairman, Petrie Partners 9
Figure 9 Toward a New Realignment of Interests U.S. Positioning for Oil Exports Puget Sound, WA Bakken Eastern Canada San Francisco, CA DJ Basin Europe Los Angeles, CA Cushing, OK Permian Houston, TX Eagle Ford Asia via expanded Panama Canal Elimination of the ban on U.S. oil exports is ultimately a development with price containing potential 10
Figure 9* Toward a New Realignment of Interests Shifts in the Geopolitical Landscape and Their Impact on Petroleum Sector Capex Strategies Golden, CO April 14, 2016 Thomas A. Petrie, CFA Chairman, Petrie Partners 11
Figure 10 Following Oil Key Lessons Learned Markets continuously endeavor to work, but in their own time and at their own pace Flawed economic and policy incentives ultimately cause or exacerbate supply shortfalls (or sometimes even create undesirable surpluses) Black swan events entail especially noteworthy risks It is often darkest just before the dawn Powerful regenerative economic forces result from the application of well-incentivized capital focused on highpriority societal problems or needs Periodic consolidation and reorganization (via mergers and sales) are integral to the evolving natural order of the petroleum-sector economy Shifting global macro-economic drivers can overwhelm even a well-executed plan and thus necessitate midcourse adjustments in strategy for both corporate players and national entities Old geopolitical grudges tend to reemerge, often at inopportune times and with adverse consequences (Ukraine, Syria, South China Sea, China/Japan) 12