Des Plaines Fire Dept. Engineer Program

Des Plaines Fire Dept. Engineer Program Lieutenants Palenik, Gross, Owen, Butenschoen, Engineer Felde

New Developments 1. Laminated fluid specs on the rigs 2. Maintenance repair request updates 3. Locations for reserve apparatus 4. Engineer policy revisions 5. Foam operations changes

2015 Engineer Reviews and Test Dates Hydraulics Feb. 4-6 Driving April 15-17 Engine Ops May 6-8 Truck Ops Sept 2-4 Vehicle Maintenance Oct. 14-16 3

2015 Test Dates Written and Driving September 16-18 Practicals September 23-25 Individuals challenging for the rank order list will test the first day each week. E62 and TW61 will be used 4

2015 Hydraulics 1. FH code: Pump Ref. 1 to log today s class 2. Review PowerPoint presentation 3. Review new developments 4. Review class A foam 5. Hydraulics problem solving 5

Laminated Fluid Charts 6

Maintenance Requests 7

8

FDC Hose Pack Right side rear compartment 9

Stored position 10

2 spanner wrenches located inside pack 11

Trigate 12

Loss Factors Trigate = 10 psi FDC Hose Pack = 10 psi 13

Reserve Rig Locations Engine 64 station 61 Ambulance 65 station 62 Ambulance 64 station 63 (bariatric capable) Tower 64 EMA garage Engine 65 EMA garage Squad 55 EMA garage (outside) 14

Vehicle color codes E61 E62 E63 E64 WHITE E65 TW61 BLACK TW63 TW64 15

Communications 1. Using positions vs. names. 2. Terms: shut down, idle down, good hydrant, positive water. 3. Engineer calls when he s ready to receive relay. 4. Use Class A system; valuable tool.

Water Measurements 1 cubic ft. of water weighs? lbs. 1 cubic ft. of water contains.? cubic in. 1 cubic ft. of water contains.? gallons 1 gallon of water weighs...? lbs. 1 gallon of water contains.? cubic in. 1 gallon of water converts to approximately 200 ft. 3 of steam

Water Measurements 1 cubic ft. of water weighs 62.5 lbs. 1 cubic ft. of water contains. 1728 cubic in. 1 cubic ft. of water contains. 7.5 gallons 1 gallon of water weighs... 8.35 lbs. 1 gallon of water contains. 231 cubic in. 1 gallon of water converts to approximately 200 ft. 3 of steam

Head & Atmospheric Pressure 1 ft. of water exerts a back pressure of...? psi 1 psi will elevate water...? ft. Atmospheric pressure at sea level...? psi Maximum lift = 34' Practical = 20' (Atmospheric pressure) x (Number of ft. each psi lifts water) 1" mercury =?' lift

Head & Atmospheric Pressure 1 ft. of water exerts a back pressure of....434 psi 1 psi will elevate water... 2.304 ft. Atmospheric pressure at sea level... 14.7 psi Maximum lift = 34' Practical = 20' (Atmospheric pressure) x (Number of ft. each psi lifts water) 1" mercury = 1.13' lift

Available Water 21

Estimating Available Water 1. Note the static reading. 2. Note the drop after discharging the first line. 3. Multiply the initial drop by the square of the desired number of lines to see if the original flow may be doubled, tripled, etc. Multiply by 4 if doubling lines / flow Multiply by 9 if tripling lines / flow Multiply by 16 if quadrupling lines / flow Multiply by 25 if quintupling lines / flow

Estimating Available Water 4. Subtract total drop from original static pressure, but do not allow the compound gauge to fall below 10 psi. 5. Multiplier from #3 (total number of lines) and your original flow rate will determine total flow. Assume 50 psi static in Des Plaines.

Calculating Available Water from a Hydrant Line GPM Calculation psi drop 1 250 initial drop 3 2 500 2 2 =4; 4x3 psi (initial drop) 12 3 750 3 2 =9; 9x3 psi (initial drop) 27 4 1000 4 2 =16; 16x3 psi (initial drop) 48 5 1250 5 2 =25; 25x3 psi (initial drop) 75 24

Recirculating Water 1. How can it be done? Options? 2. When should it be done? 25

Pump Tests Pre-service tests Certification (acceptance) tests Service tests Pump tests

Certification and Service Tests Test Times % of Rated Certification Service Volume Pressure? hr.? mins.? %? psi? hr.? mins.? %? psi? hr.? mins.? %? psi? mins.?? %? psi 27

Certification and Service Tests Test Times % of Rated Certification Service Volume Pressure 2 hrs. 20 mins. 100% 150 psi ½ hr. 10 mins. 70% 200 psi ½ hr. 10 mins. 50% 250 psi 10 mins. * 100% 165 psi (* Just long enough to get readings; overload or "spurt" test) 28

Pump Tests 100% capacity @ 150 psi net pump pressure 70% capacity @ 200 psi net pump pressure 50% capacity @ 250 psi net pump pressure 100% capacity @ 165 psi net pump pressure (spurt test)

Net Engine Pressure Net engine pressure (NEP) is the measurement of the total work performed by the pump To lift water into the pump To discharge water from the pump Allowances are made for Friction loss in intake hose Height of lift

NEP of a Positive Pressure Water Source No work is being performed on the suction side of the pump NEP = pump discharge pressure (PDP) intake pressure (IP) (or) NEP = master discharge gauge reading compound gauge reading

Hand Lines / Master Streams Handlines flow up to and including 350 GPM Master streams flow over 350 GPM Nozzle pressures Smooth bore Handline = 50 psi or 75psi Master stream= 80 psi Fog (combination) Handline = 50psi or 75psi Master stream= 100psi

Angle of Deflection & Two variables Air resistance Effective Reach Air resistance increases at an accelerated rate as the pressure is raised with the same tip Gravity

Angle of Deflection & Effective Reach Greatest horizontal reach occurs at elevations of 30-34 degrees Maximum effective vertical reach of fire stream occurs at 60-75 degrees The 3 rd floor may be said to be the highest floor to which streams may be thrown effectively from street level Moderate head and tail winds decrease reach 10% to 15%

Formula for measuring penetration into building? Feet from building # of floor going into

One-Eighth Inch (⅛") Rule ⅛" change in nozzle diameter at 50 psi nozzle pressure changes the flow by approximately 50 GPM ⅛" change in nozzle diameter at 80 psi (or 75 psi on a handline) nozzle pressure changes the flow by approximately 100 GPM up to and including 2" tips

Solid Stream Nozzles Hand Lines Tip size GPM (at 50 psi nozzle pressure) ⅞" 160 * 1⅛" 250 1¼" 300 37

Solid Stream Nozzles Master Streams Tip size GPM (at 80 psi nozzle pressure) 1¼" 400 (75 psi) 1⅜" 500 1½" 600 1⅝" 700 1¾" 800 1⅞" 900 2" 1000 38

Friction Loss per 100' of Hose Q = GPM / 100 Hose size Friction Loss Formula 2" (2Q 2 + Q) x 3 2½" (2Q 2 + Q) 3" (2Q 2 + Q) x.4 4" (2Q 2 + Q) x.1 5" (2Q 2 + Q) x.03 39

Friction Loss per 100' DPFD 2" =? psi per 100' at 160 GPM DPFD 2" =? psi per 100' at 200 GPM DPFD 2" =? psi per 100' at 250 GPM 160 GPM through 2½" =? psi per 100' 160 GPM through 3" =? psi per 100' (ambulance 73 ) What nozzle/pack should NOT have a stream shaper on it?

Friction Loss per 100' DPFD 2" = 20 psi per 100' at 160 GPM DPFD 2" = 30 psi per 100' at 200 GPM DPFD 2" = 55 psi per 100' at 250 GPM 160 GPM through 2½" = 7 psi per 100' 160 GPM through 3" = 3 psi per 100' (ambulance 73 ) What nozzle/pack should NOT have a stream shaper on it? (Stairwell pack)

Field Hydraulics 250 GPM nozzle on a 2½" line =? lbs. per 100' friction loss?

Field Hydraulics 250 GPM nozzle on a 2½" line = 15 lbs. per 100' friction loss.

Elevation Add 5 psi for each floor of elevation (exclude one floor) Subtract 5 psi for each floor below grade

Appliances Add? psi for standpipe system with siamese Add? psi for gated wyes & siamese Add? psi for relay operations Add? psi for deluge gun

Appliances Add 25 psi for standpipe system with siamese Add 10 psi for gated wyes & siamese Add 20 psi for relay operations Add 20 psi for deluge gun

Right or left out of the station? 47

Sprinkler Systems Combination Sprinkler systems shall be maintained at 150 psi pump discharge pressure. Why is that? If heads are flowing and we have 2" lines in place, check gauge at wye for correct psi: 160 gpm = 90 psi 200 gpm = 130 psi 250 gpm = 140 psi At lower floors you may have to gate down the outlet, NOT the wye handle.

Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) PRVs- Kingston on River Rd set at 130 psi. Check pressure gauge at the wye; give info to your officer. At lower levels you may have to gate the system. Per NFPA 14: PRVs are required when static system pressure is over 175psi. Field adjustable means nothing to us under fire conditions.

PRV at Kingston 50

Not Field Adjustable 51

Hydrant Residual Pressure Recommended minimum of 10 psi should be maintained on the compound gauge when taking water from a hydrant

Transfer Valve Settings Pump in CAPACITY when you are going to discharge over 50% of your pump s capacity Pump in PRESSURE when you are going to develop a net pump pressure over 200 psi

Friction Loss per 100' (psi) 2½" Hose: (2Q 2 +Q) GPM Q calculation FL Formula FL psi / 100' 200 200/100 = 2 (2 x 2 2 ) + 2 = 10 300 300/100 = 3 (2 x 3 2 ) + 3 = 21 400 400/100 = 4 (2 x 4 2 ) + 4 = 36 500 500/100 = 5 (2 x 5 2 ) + 5 = 55 600 600/100 = 6 (2 x 6 2 ) + 6 = 78 700 700/100 = 7 (2 x 7 2 ) + 7 = 105 800 800/100 = 8 (2 x 8 2 ) + 8 = 136 900 900/100 = 9 (2 x 9 2 ) + 9 = 171 1000 1000/100 = 10 (2 x 10 2 ) + 10 = 210 54

Friction Loss per 100' (psi) 3" Hose: (2Q 2 +Q) x.4 GPM Q calculation FL Formula FL psi / 100' 200 200/100 = 2 [(2 x 2 2 ) + 2] x.4 = 4.0 300 300/100 = 3 [(2 x 3 2 ) + 3] x.4 = 8.4 400 400/100 = 4 [(2 x 4 2 ) + 4] x.4 = 14.4 500 500/100 = 5 [(2 x 5 2 ) + 5] x.4 = 22.0 600 600/100 = 6 [(2 x 6 2 ) + 6] x.4 = 31.2 700 700/100 = 7 [(2 x 7 2 ) + 7] x.4 = 42.0 800 800/100 = 8 [(2 x 8 2 ) + 8] x.4 = 54.4 900 900/100 = 9 [(2 x 9 2 ) + 9] x.4 = 68.4 1000 1000/100 = 10 [(2 x 10 2 ) + 10] x.4 = 84.0 55

Friction Loss per 100' (psi) 4" Hose: (2Q 2 +Q) x.1 GPM Q calculation FL Formula FL psi / 100' 200 200/100 = 2 [(2 x 2 2 ) + 2] x.1 = 1.0 300 300/100 = 3 [(2 x 3 2 ) + 3] x.1 = 2.1 400 400/100 = 4 [(2 x 4 2 ) + 4] x.1 = 3.6 500 500/100 = 5 [(2 x 5 2 ) + 5] x.1 = 5.5 600 600/100 = 6 [(2 x 6 2 ) + 6] x.1 = 7.8 700 700/100 = 7 [(2 x 7 2 ) + 7] x.1 = 10.5 800 800/100 = 8 [(2 x 8 2 ) + 8] x.1 = 13.6 900 900/100 = 9 [(2 x 9 2 ) + 9] x.1 = 17.1 1000 1000/100 = 10 [(2 x 10 2 ) + 10] x.1 = 21.0 56

Friction Loss per 100' (psi) 5" Hose: (2Q 2 +Q) x.03 GPM Q calculation FL Formula FL psi / 100' 200 200/100 = 2 [(2 x 2 2 ) + 2] x.03 = 0.3 300 300/100 = 3 [(2 x 3 2 ) + 3] x.03 = 0.63 400 400/100 = 4 [(2 x 4 2 ) + 4] x.03 = 1.08 500 500/100 = 5 [(2 x 5 2 ) + 5] x.03 = 1.65 600 600/100 = 6 [(2 x 6 2 ) + 6] x.03 = 2.34 700 700/100 = 7 [(2 x 7 2 ) + 7] x.03 = 3.15 800 800/100 = 8 [(2 x 8 2 ) + 8] x.03 = 4.08 900 900/100 = 9 [(2 x 9 2 ) + 9] x.03 = 5.13 1000 1000/100 = 10 [(2 x 10 2 ) + 10] x.03 = 6.3 57

How can we supply it? 58

How do we supply two? Discussion At what pressure will a Trigate s relief valve open? 59

How do we supply two? Discussion At what pressure will a Trigate s relief valve open? 230 psi 60

Supply & Support of Sprinklers & Standpipes Indicators that you are not getting into a sprinkler or standpipe system with a supply line: In warm, humid weather, lack of condensation on hose coupling Discharge port & hose butt supplying the line is or becomes warm Lack of drop in residual pressure on the compound gauge as this line is charged Inability to gate & feather various pressures on the discharge port

Supplying a Standpipe System If the fire department connection is not usable: 1. Stretch a line from the pumper to a gated outlet on the first floor. 2. Remove any house lines, reducer connections, and/or pressure reducers. 3. Connect the pumper supply to the discharge outlet using a double female adapter. 4. When water is started in the supply line, the outlet valve is opened fully to allow water to flow into the riser.

Supplying a Standpipe System No fire dept. connection (continued) Why do we want to be on positive water versus sending tank water? Are outlets open? Broken? Additional lines can be similarly stretched to hose outlets on other floors.

Battalion 61 64

4" pipe thread X 5" Stortz 65

Fire Service Basic Hydraulics Siamese operations Siamesing lines is one way of reducing the excessive friction loss created by large volume lines When it becomes necessary to siamese: Divide the GPM by the number of lines the pump is supplying Compute the friction loss for 1 line at the reduced GPM flow & disregard the other lines All that remains is to add either the nozzle pressure if supplying a deluge gun or 20 psi for residual pressure if supplying another Engine If supplying a deluge gun flowing 800 GPM 400' from the Engine

Equal Size Lines Divide the total GPM by two lines. This will give 400 GPM through each 3" line. Compute the friction loss for one line of 3" hose delivering 400 GPM: (2 x 4 2 ) + 4 = 36 x.4 = 14.4 or 15 lbs. F.L. per 100' of hose Multiply the F.L. for 100' by the length of the lay in hundreds of feet 15 x 4 = 60 psi F.L. for the total lay To the 60 lbs. F.L. add 80 lbs. NP + 20 lbs. approximate loss for deluge set and this will the engine discharge pressure.

Unequal Size Lines Divide the total GPM by two lines, this will give 400 GPM through each line Compute the friction loss for one line of 2½" hose and one line of 3" hose each delivering 400 GPM (2 x 4 2 ) + 4 = 36 lbs. F.L. per 100' of 2½" hose (2 x 4 2 ) + 4 = 36 x.4 = 14.4 (or 15) lbs. F.L. per 100' of 3" hose Add the Two F.L. answers together & divide by two 36 + 15 = 51 2 = 25.5 lbs. F.L. per 100' of hose

Unequal Size Lines Multiply the F.L. for 100' by the length of the lay in hundreds of feet 25.5 x 4 = 102 lbs. F.L. for the total lay To the 102 lbs. F.L. add 80 lbs. N.P. + 20 lbs. approximate F.L. in deluge set 2½" / 3" split bed field hydraulics: Total GPM F.L. per 100' 500 10 600 15 700 20 800 25 900 30 1000 40

Fire Service Basic Hydraulics Wye operations Common & are used, in one way or another, on just about any fire of consequence Uses: Extend hand lines to the fire where the reach is too long for a preconnect Used for overhaul from 2½" lines rather than laying longer & additional 2" lines

Wyed Line Operations Example: 400' of 3" hose wyed into two 200' lengths of 2½" hose, each with a 250 GPM smooth bore nozzle. 1. Total the GPM from both 2½" lines. This is the GPM for the 3" supply line: 250 + 250 = 500 GPM 2. Compute the friction loss for the 3" supply line: [(2 x 5 2 ) + 5] x.4 = 22 psi per 100'; 4 x 22 = 88 psi total 3. Figure the friction loss in a single 2½" line: (2 x 2.5 2 ) + 2.5 = 15 psi per 100'; 2 x 15 = 30 psi total 4. Add your tip pressure (50) and wye FL (10) to the hose FLs: 50 (tip) + 30 (FL 2½") + 10 (wye) + 88 (FL 3 ) = 178 71

Friction Loss Calculations When it is necessary to supply a pre-piped waterway: Supply the water to the pump inlets or aerial intake. When bypassing the pump & supplying the total operation you should know the intended tip size in order to calculate the pressure (loss factor) and determine the number of supply lines and their diameter.

Friction Loss Calculations Loss factor for pre-piped waterways will include the friction loss in the: Intake (saddle) at the GPM flow provided Piping Turret gun Standard loss factor for pre-piped waterways on DPFD trucks: 1⅜"=125, 1½"=130, 1¾"=145, 2"=165, 2¼"=185, Combination = 150psi

Friction Loss Calculations Ways to supply a pre-piped waterway: Ladder truck pumps through internal piping to ladder Ladder truck pumps through hose into the ladder intake Engine company pumps into ladder intake Relay to ladder truck pump operator (refer to relay operations)

Snorkel Operations Three questions to ask: Where do you want the water (pump or saddle) Tip size (GPM) Loss factor includes saddle, piping and gun 6" waterway = 35 psi loss factor 4" waterway = 80 psi loss factor * (desirable climbing angles = 35 to 80 ) Add 25 psi for elevation Add 80 psi for NP

General Operations for a Centrifugal Fire Pump Designed for a specific duty & ordinarily will perform this duty satisfactorily over a long period of time If pump will not prime or loses prime Air Leaks Faulty Connection Faulty pump packing Leaky pump gaskets

General Operations for a Centrifugal Fire Pump Pump will not prime or loses prime (continued) Dirt in suction screens Engine speed too low Primer not operated long enough Lack of oil primer reservoir

Prime Time 1500 GPM or greater = 45 seconds Less than 1500 GPM = 30 seconds

Hydrant Colors 0-500 GPM (4") = 500-1000 GPM (6") = 1000-1500 GPM (8") = 1500+ GPM (10"+) =

Various Numbers EP for crosslay @ 160 GPM =? psi EP for crosslay @ 200 GPM =? psi EP for crosslay @ 250 GPM =? psi EP for piercing nozzle =? psi EP for trash line @ 160 GPM =? psi EP for trash line @ 200 GPM =? psi Eductor intake pressure =? psi Stairwell Pack @ 160 GPM =? Stairwell Pack @ 200 GPM =? Stairwell Pack @ 250 GPM =?

Various Numbers EP for crosslay @ 160 GPM = 100 psi EP for crosslay @ 200 GPM = 140 psi EP for crosslay @ 250 GPM = 160 psi EP for piercing nozzle = 225 psi EP for trash line @ 160 GPM = 70 psi EP for trash line @ 200 GPM = 105 psi Eductor intake pressure = 200 psi Stairwell Pack @ 160 GPM = 115 Stairwell Pack @ 200 GPM = 155 Stairwell Pack @ 250 GPM = 167.5

Various Numbers (continued) SWP off the tower at 160 GPM =? psi SWP off the tower at 200 GPM =? psi 1⅛" or combination at 50 psi =? GPM 1⅛" or combination at 75 psi =? GPM 1¼" at 50 psi =? GPM 1¼" at 75 psi =? GPM

Various Numbers (continued) SWP off the tower at 160 GPM = 80 psi SWP off the tower at 200 GPM = 120 psi 1⅛" or combination at 50 psi = 250 GPM 1⅛" or combination at 75 psi = 300 GPM 1¼" at 50 psi = 300 GPM 1¼" at 75 psi = 400 GPM

Various Numbers (continued) ⅞" skid load @ 160 GPM =? psi ⅞" skid load @ 200 GPM =? psi 1⅛" skid load @ 250 GPM =? psi RAM nozzle @ 400 GPM =? psi RAM nozzle @ 500 GPM =? psi

Various Numbers (continued) ⅞" skid load @ 160 GPM = 90 psi ⅞" skid load @ 200 GPM = 130 psi 1⅛" skid load @ 250 GPM = 142.5 psi RAM nozzle @ 400 GPM = 50 psi (+10 gun) RAM nozzle @ 500 GPM = 75 psi (+10 gun)

RAM Nozzle 86

Husky Class A System 87

Husky Foam System Normal Class A operations 1. Turn foam system ON with control switch on Red Husky panel. 2. Open water discharge valve and begin to flow from hose line. 3. Normal default is Class A onboard tank @ 0.3%. You are now making foam. 4. When beginning overhaul phase, turn the system OFF; use the foam in the hose for mop up.

Husky Foam System To Shut Down after Class A Operations 1. Turn the foam system OFF with control switch on Red Husky control panel. 2. Open the water discharge valve on the discharge(s) that were used and begin to flow from the hose line(s) until the water runs clear. 3. Disengage the water pump and open both manifold drains to relieve any trapped pressure. 4. Close the manifold drains. The system is now ready to be put back in service. 5. Use the DISPLAY button to scroll through to Total Class A Used. Note the amount used and the date in the hose record book.

Draft Class B 1. Turn foam system ON with control switch on Red Husky control panel (if system not already in operation). (Have B buckets and pick-up tube ready). 2. Open water discharge valve and begin to flow water. 3. Push MODE button on Red Husky control panel until DRAFT CLASS B comes up, hit ENTER to make selection. An automatic flush will occur for 15 seconds. (Water must be flowing to prevent pressure buildup). Put pickup tube in pail and open foam inlet valve to draft foam. 4. You are now making Class B foam solution.

Shut Down Class B 1. Continue flowing water through discharge(s) used. 2. From the foam inlet, draft clear water from a 5- gallon bucket. 3. Continue drafting water and flowing through discharges until they run clear. Drop down to single discharge line. 4. On Red Husky panel, press MODE button until CLASS A FOAM appears. Press ENTER. An automatic flush will occur.

Shut down Class B 5. After the automatic flush, the system will begin pumping Class A foam. Continue flowing until foam appears at the tip. 6. Shut off Husky system. Continue flowing through discharge until it is again clear of foam. 7. Disengage water pump and open all manifold drains to relieve any trapped pressure. 8. Close manifold drains (and foam inlet). System is ready to be put back in service.

Filling Class A Tank 1. Connect draft hose to foam inlet connection, then open the foam inlet valve. Place hose in square Class A bucket(s). 2. Turn the selector valve to the TANK FILL position (up).

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Filling Class A Tank 3. Turn foam system ON with control switch on Red Husky panel. 4. Press the MODE button until display reads TANK A FILL. (Full tank will read TANK A FULL. ) 5. Press ENTER. The display should read TANK A FILL.

Filling Class A Tank 6. Once the tank has reached the upper float switch and automatically shut off the fill process, TANK A FULL will briefly appear on the screen and then switch to CHECK SELECTOR VALVE.

Filling Class A Tank 7. Return the selector valve to the INJECT MODE position.(down) NOTE: To reduce entrance of air into system the operator should be prepared to transfer the pick-up tube from one pail to the next before the pail is completely empty.

Filling Class A Tank 8. Turn off foam system. Take engine out of pump and open both manifold drains. Close manifolds drains when pressure has been relieved. 9. Rinse out pick-up hose with water. NOTE: Any time engine is put into pump, both manifold drains should be relieved of pressure after system is taken back out of pump.

Foam Calculations Husky 10 / Husky 12 Capacities (10 GPM / 12 GPM foam concentrate) 6% x 166 gpm = 10 GPM foam concentrate 3% x 333 gpm = 10 1% x 1000 gpm = 10* 0.5% x 2000 gpm = 10* 0.3% x 3333 gpm = 10 (theoretical) (Husky 10) 0.3% x 4000 gpm = 12 (theoretical) (Husky 12) 1 gal. finished foam.003 gal. foam concentrate * Depending on plumbing restrictions) @ 0.3% = 8,333 gallons finished foam x 25 gals. foam concentrate = 8333 gals. finished foam

Truck Hydraulics 101

Truck Capacities Rig # Water Tank 5" Bedded Hose TW61 300 gal. 200 ft. 102

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