Loudoun Academy Physical Education S3 PE Studies Badminton
Contents Factors Impacting on Performance 2 Nature and Purpose 3 Demands of Performance Physical Factor (Skills) 5 Demands of Performance Mental Factor 6 Model Performer 8 Stages of Learning 11 Objective/Subjective Data 13 Methods of Gathering Information 14 Goal Setting 19 Badminton revision 20 1
Factors Impacting on Performance In Badminton we will mainly focus on two factors which impact on performance. These factors are: Physical Factor Skill Mental Factor Concentration, Control of Aggression and Decision Making Physical Factor Skills By the end of the block you should understand which skills are required for effective performance in Badminton. Through observing and gathering information about performance you will identify the aspects of your game which are strengths and weaknesses. You will then be able to identify the specific skills which may require improvement. Mental Factor Concentration, Control of Aggression and Decision Making By the end of the block you should understand how the above mental factors affect your performance in a positive or negative way. 2
Nature and Purpose Badminton is a directly competitive, individual sport. It is important you understand the rules of the game to ensure your performance improves. Game Play Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Rules Service: At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts. The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court. When the serving side loses a rally, the serve immediately passes to their opponent. In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in his/her left service court when his/her score is odd. In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he/she changes service courts so that he/she serves to a different opponent each time Let: If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on court (having been hit there by players on an adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which can be classed as a let Scoring: Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor. Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally regardless of whether they served. 3
Task 2: Indicate the following on the badminton court below: Service line Side line for singles/doubles Service box Base position 4
Demands of Performance - Physical Factor (Skills) Serve The serve is used to start a rally in badminton. Service can be carried out in a few different ways. A high serve is served underarm and is hit high to the back of the opponent s court. A low serve is played low and softly over the net to land just after the opponent s service line. Alternatively, a player may use a flick serve which uses a backhand grip whereby the shuttle is flicked directly out of your other hand. Overhead Clear - The aim of an overhead clear is to play the shuttle from the back of your own court high to the back tramlines of your opponent s court. The shuttle should be struck at its highest point with a straight arm and transfer of weight is important to get power on this shot. Drop Shot The purpose of a drop shot is to play the shuttle from the back of your own court to the very front of your opponents so that it lands just over the net. Players should try to make this shot look like an overhead clear but must check the shot at the last second to disguise it into a drop shot. Smash The smash is the most attacking shot in badminton. Its main purpose is to win the rally or force a weak reply. The smash is usually played from around the middle of the court and is struck at the shuttle s highest point and hit downwards with speed and power. Net Shot The net shot is played from the front of your own court just over the net so that it lands at the very front of your opponents court as close to the net as possible. The aim of the net shot is to draw your opponent out of position to the front of their court. The racquet should contact the shuttle at net height and be softly touched over the net with little or no follow through, Underarm Lift Shot the purpose of the underarm lift shot is to get the shuttle high to the back of your opponent s court. The shuttle is played underarm from the front or middle of your own side of the court. The racquet should follow through high to produce the height on the shuttle to take it to the back of the court. 5
Demands of Performance Mental Factor There are many mental factors that that can impact on your performance in badminton. Concentration, Control of Aggression and Decision Making are key features within the Mental Factor. Concentration Concentration is the ability of your mind to focus on the task in hand. It is the ability to completely focus your attention on something for a period of time. For improvement to be made you must have high levels of concentration during practice. You must also concentrate fully during games or mistakes will happen. Good concentration will allow you to take in all the information needed to make good decisions.. Aggression Having too much or too little aggression in your play will have a direct impact on your performance. Being able to control your aggression to an appropriate level will ensure you are able to think clearly and also remain determined and motivated to win. If performers cannot control their aggression then it is easy for them to over react to situations and failing to display appropriate etiquette on court. Problem Solving/Decision Making Making the correct decision is vital for successful performance. Selecting the correct skill at the correct time will make it more difficult for your opponent to return shots. 6
Task 3: Give two examples of how the mental factor can impact positively on your performance. 1. 2. Give two examples of how the mental factor can impact negatively on your performance. 3. 4. 7
Model Performers Characteristics of a Model Performer Performs skills with excellent technique. Plays good shots nearly every time (i.e. is consistent) Moves smoothly and quickly around the court. Shows fluency, control and accuracy in their movements and shots. Selects the right type of shot and consistently makes good decisions during the game. Uses disguise effectively, for example looking to play an overhead clear but instead playing a drop shot. Benefits of using a Model Performer They can show you how to play shots correctly (i.e. give you a mental picture of shot). They can help guide your training by showing you which parts of the skill you need to improve. By watching model performers you become motivated to improve. Example of a Model performer: A Model Performance of a skill can be broken down into 3 phases: Preparation Action Recovery When describing skills in badminton you should describe them using Preparation, Action and Recovery phases. An example of describing a skill using preparation, action and recovery phases can be seen over the page. 8
Example: Overhead Clear Preparation Start from base Track path of shuttle and begin to move towards where shot will be played from While moving, turn side on to the net Take racket up and back behind head Shift weight to back foot and drop back shoulder Front arm up to balance racket arm Action Shoulder, arm and racket are brought forward at speed to generate power Action resembles throwing action Weight is transferred forwards from back to front foot Impact is with open racket face above racket shoulder Performer strikes through shuttle and body weight continues to move forwards Recovery Racket comes down and across body Forward movement at end of stroke leads body to base and into ready position. 9
Task 4: Choose a different skill and write down what a skilled performance in this skill would look like. Preparation Action Recovery 10
Stages of Learning There are three important stages of learning and developing skills. As you progress through the stages the demands of each practice should increase. 1. Cognitive/Preparation Stage During this stage you find out what the skill involves. You establish the different parts of the skill and make your first attempts at learning each part. Errors are likely to be made at this stage in learning and you need advice, encouragement and support in order to make progress. At this stage you need to: Get a mental picture of the badminton shot. Shadow the correct movement. Slow the movement down if possible. Compare your performance with a model performer. 2. Associative/Practice Stage During this stage you link together all the required parts of the skill. Simple skills for example will require less practice than complex skills. Quality practice sessions will reduce the number of mistakes you make during performance. At this stage you will need: Repeated practice so that you become more consistent in performing the skill or technique successfully. Practice in a controlled environment, e.g. feeder playing the shuttle to the same area of the court. To practice the skill or technique using drills and conditioned games. Pressure gradually increased as your performance improves. 11
3. Automatic/Autonomous Stage At this stage errors are less likely and most key parts of a skill have become automatic. Due to your higher skill level you can give closer attention to more detailed aspects of your performance. At this stage you need to: Use the skill/technique you have improved in a full game situation. Try to maintain consistency and accuracy in pressure situations. Perform the shot in a game without thinking about it. Concentrate on your game strategy and how to beat your opponent. Task 5: Which stage of learning are you at: Give two reasons you think you are at this stage? 12
Objective and Subjective Data Information about your performance can be objective or subjective. Objective data: data such as scores, times or distances. Subjective data: data based on individual opinion. This may vary depending on an individual view of a performance. Task 1: For the following, write down if the information given is subjective or objective: Example Subjective/Objective Score in a badminton game Feedback from a teacher about a performance in a badminton game Score in a gymnastics performance Judging a dance performance Winner of 100m race? 13
Methods of Gathering Information In order to improve your level of skill in an activity you must first analyse your performance to identify strengths and weaknesses. Then you can start working to improve your performance. We can do this using: 1. Videoing your performance 2. Using an observation schedule / Scattergram Task 6: Choose a skill from the list below: Overhead clear Drop shot Smash Get a partner to video you performing the skill and then watch it back and complete an observation schedule. 14
Observation Schedule Overhead Clear Technique: Overhead Clear Name: Phase of Features of Model Performance Action Preparation Starts from base Performer tracks path of shuttle and begins moving towards place shuttle will be played from While moving, body turns side-on to net Racquet is taken up and back behind head Weight shifts mostly onto back foot Back shoulder drops Front arm balances racquet arm (both arms are raised). Date: My Performance =OK X=Needs attention Action Recovery Shoulder, arm and racquet are brought forward at speed to help generate power Action resembles throwing action Weight is transferred forward from back foot to front foot to coincide with moment of impact Impact is with open racquet face above racquet shoulder Performer strikes through shuttle and body weight continues to move forward (a smooth continuous action leads naturally into recovery). Racquet comes down and across body in recovery phase. Forward movement at end of stroke leads to base and recovery of ready position. 15
Observation Schedule: Overhead Drop Shot Technique: Overhead Drop Shot Name: Phase of Feature of Model Performance Action Preparation Starts from base Performer tracks path of shuttle and begins moving towards place shuttle will be played from While moving, body turns side-on to net Racquet is taken up and back behind head Weight shifts mostly onto back foot Back shoulder drops Front arm balances racquet arm (both arms are raised). Date: My Performance =OK X=Needs attention Action Recovery Shoulder, arm and racquet are brought forward initially at speed then action is checked. Action resembles throwing action and looks like possible clear or smash up to impact. Impact is above racquet shoulder with fine touch Deception of touch happens at last moment. There is some transfer of weight from back foot to front foot with moment of impact. Short follow through. Return to balanced ready position at base 16
Observation Schedule: Smash Technique: Smash Name: Phase of Action Features of Model Performance Date: My Performance =OK X=Needs attention Preparation Starts from base Performer tracks path of shuttle and begins moving towards place shuttle will be played from While moving, body turns side-on to net Racquet is taken up and back behind head Weight shifts mostly onto back foot Back shoulder drops Front arm balances racquet arm (both arms are raised). Action Recovery Shoulder, arm and racquet are brought forward at speed to help generate power Movement resembles throwing action Action is whip -like Impact is above and in front of racquet shoulder Racquet is angled face down on contact Weight is transferred forward from back foot to front foot to coincide with moment of impact. Racquet comes down and across body in recovery phase. Forward movement at end of stroke leads to base and recovery of ready position. 17
Task 7: Scattergram Complete the scattergram below, noting where your shuttle landed or would have landed for your chosen shot. On the diagram below plot where each shot e.g. smash lands, or would have landed. Use an X for the shuttles which were returned and a * for the ones which won the rally. Skill: 18
Goal Setting Goal setting is important to ensure you are focused and motivated to improve your performance. For example a goal may be to successfully recover to base after playing an overhead clear. Task 8: Set a goal for the skill you completed an observation schedule and scattergram for. Goal: Mental fitness: set one goal related to Mental Factor (Concentration, Aggression, Decision Making). Goal: 19
Badminton Revision Task 9: Which factor has had a positive impact on your performance? Physical Mental Explain why this factor has had a positive impact on your performance. Which factor has had a negative impact on your performance? Physical Mental Explain why this factor has had a negative impact on your performance. 20