PEDESTRIAN CROSSING SOLUTIONS ANDREA HARTH, PE, PTOE TEC ENGINEERING, INC.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING SOLUTIONS ANDREA HARTH, PE, PTOE TEC ENGINEERING, INC.

Pedestrian Safety 2017 Pedestrian Crashes in Ohio Crash Severity Number % Fatal Crash 141 4.9% Injury Crash 2546 89.1% Property Damage Crash 172 6.0% Grand Total 2859 100.0% Contributing Factors Number % Failure To Yield 674 23.6% Improper Crossing 469 16.4% Unknown 363 12.7% Darting 183 6.4% None-Motorist 172 6.0% Failure To Control 137 4.8% Lying And/Or Illegally In Roadway 94 3.3% Other Improper Action 83 2.9% Traffic Control Number % No Controls 903 31.6% Pavement Markings 780 27.3% Traffic Signal 663 23.2% Stop Sign 175 6.1% Crosswalk Lines 145 5.1% Walk/Do Not Walk 74 2.6% Not Reported 42 1.5% Person (Flagger, Officer) 33 1.2% Other 23 0.8% Traffic Flashers 8 0.3% School Zone 8 0.3% Construction Barricade 4 0.1% Railroad Crossbucks 1 0.0% Grand Total 2859 100.0%

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Pedestrian Treatments Signed Crossings Types of Signs Additional Features Flashing Beacons RRFB In Pavement Lights Controlled Crossings Mid Block Traffic Signal HAWK (High-Intensity Activated crosswalk beacon) Other Considerations Refuge Islands Curb Bump Outs High Visibility Crosswalks

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Uncontrolled Crossings Signage High Visibility Pavement Markings Ladder Continental Advance Yield Markings Lighting where possible

Geometric Improvements Uncontrolled Crossings Increase visibility and reduce exposure Examples Refuge Island Curb Bump outs Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

RRFB Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon Rapid Strobe-like flasher Shows High yielding rates Sustained yield rate Often Solar Powered Average Cost $15,000 Pedestrian Activated Crossings Recent FHWA RRFB news: Approval rescinded by FHWA in December 2017 New Interim in Approval (21) March 2018 April 2018 ODOT received blanket approval for all locations All installations must be documented and inventoried Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Pedestrian Activated Crossings Flashing Sign Overhead or Side Mounted Span Wire or Mast Arms Flashing Beacons Traditional Flash Pattern Overhead or Side Mounted Span Wire or Mast Arms

In Pavement Lights Passive or Active Actuation Hardwired or Wireless options Average Cost $18,000 Pedestrian Activated Crossings Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Controlled Crossing Signalized Crosswalk Most effective with immediate actuation Should be coordinated with adjacent signals Maintenance is important Cost $80,000-$100,000

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Controlled Crossing HAWK Signal High Intensity Activated Cross Walk Pedestrian Activated Average Cost $57,000 Can be coordinated with other signals

How do I know if I need a crossing? 1. MUTCD Signal Warrants (Warrant 4) 2. NCHRP Report 562 (Hamilton County) 3. City of Boulder Method Limitations of Warrants -Consolidating crossings -Newer destinations

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 How do I know if I need a crossing? MUTCD Signal Warrants

What type of crossing? NCHRP Report 562 Step 1 Choose Worksheet based on speed Step 2- Peak Hour Ped Volume > 20 Move to Step 3 (14 for > ) < 20 consider refuge islands, curb extension etc. Step 3-Does the crossing meet the pedestrian volume warrant? Yes-a signal should be considered No-move so step 4 Step 4-Total Pedestrian Delay (Dp) Based on walking speed, crossing distance, Major Road volume/flow rate, average pedestrian delay Step 5-Select Treatment Expected motorist compliance (high or low) Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

What type of crossing? NCHRP Report 562 Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

What type of crossing? City of Boulder Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

Roadway Configuration # of Lanes crossed to refuge What type of crossing? # of multiple threat lanes per crossing 1,500-9,000 vpd 9,000-12,000 vpd 12,000-15,000 vpd >15,000 vpd 2 Lanes (one way street) 2 1 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 2 Lanes (two way street) 2 0 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 3 lanes with Raised Median 1 or 2 0 or 1 A B D E A C D E B D D E C D D E 3 Lanes with Striped Median 3 0 or 1 C C D E C C D E C C D E C D D E 4 Lanes (two way street) 4 2 A D D E B D D E B D D E D D D E 5 lanes with Raised Median 2 or 3 2 A B D E B C D E B C D E C C D E 5 Lanes with Striped Median 5 2 D D D E D D D E D D D E D D D E 6 Lanes 3 to 6 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F A. Install marked crosswalk with enhanced road side signs B. Install marked crosswalk and in-road (bollard) signs Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Roadway Configuration # of Lanes crossed to refuge # of multiple threat lanes per crossing What type of crossing? 1,500-9,000 vpd 9,000-12,000 vpd 12,000-15,000 vpd >15,000 vpd 2 Lanes (one way street) 2 1 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 2 Lanes (two way street) 2 0 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 3 lanes with Raised Median 1 or 2 0 or 1 A B D E A C D E B D D E C D D E 3 Lanes with Striped Median 3 0 or 1 C C D E C C D E C C D E C D D E 4 Lanes (two way street) 4 2 A D D E B D D E B D D E D D D E 5 lanes with Raised Median 2 or 3 2 A B D E B C D E B C D E C C D E 5 Lanes with Striped Median 5 2 D D D E D D D E D D D E D D D E 6 Lanes 3 to 6 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F C. Install marked crosswalk and geometric improvements to reduce ped exposure D. Install crosswalk, pedestrian activated RRFB and geometric improvements

What type of crossing? Roadway Configuration # of Lanes crossed to refuge # of multiple threat lanes per crossing 1,500-9,000 vpd 9,000-12,000 vpd 12,000-15,000 vpd >15,000 vpd 2 Lanes (one way street) 2 1 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 2 Lanes (two way street) 2 0 A B C E A B C E B B C E B C C E 3 lanes with Raised Median 1 or 2 0 or 1 A B D E A C D E B D D E C D D E 3 Lanes with Striped Median 3 0 or 1 C C D E C C D E C C D E C D D E 4 Lanes (two way street) 4 2 A D D E B D D E B D D E D D D E 5 lanes with Raised Median 2 or 3 2 A B D E B C D E B C D E C C D E 5 Lanes with Striped Median 5 2 D D D E D D D E D D D E D D D E 6 Lanes 3 to 6 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F E. Do not installed marked crosswalk at uncontrolled crossing. Reduce speed limit and install raised refuge median. F. Do not install uncontrolled crossing. Consider HAWK or Signal Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Other Pedestrian Ideas Advanced Walk at Signalized intersections Increases pedestrian visibility Puffin Crossing (U.K.) Near side mounted Smart detection Stays Walk until pedestrian is across In sidewalk LEDs (Holland) Use for distracted peds

Traffic Engineering Workshop 2018 Thank you! Resources http://www.pedbikeinfo.org https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/nchrp-562-improving-pedestrian-safety-at- Unsignalized-Crossings.pdf https://www-static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/pedestrian-crossing-treamtment-installationguidelines-1-201307011719.pdf