Analysis of NAPTF Trafficking Dynamic Response Data For Pavement Deformation Behavior. Center of Excellence for Airport Technology, CEAT

Analysis of NAPTF Trafficking Dynamic Response Data For Pavement Deformation Behavior Center of Excellence for Airport Technology, CEAT Research Progress and FY07 Tasks January 29, 2008 PI: RA: Erol Tutumluer Phillip Donovan

Introduction NAPTF designed to investigate NGA/pavement system interaction Previous analysis found disturbing trends -- Wander caused downward deformation to be offset by upward deformation (shuffling of system elements) May need improvements in our aggregate lab testing and modeling for permanent deformation

Research Objectives Detailed analysis of deformation trends (1) Investigate deformation trends based on load magnitudes and loading sequences (stress history and application effects) trafficking speeds (load duration effects) traffic directions (shear stress reversals) gear spacing and gear/wheel interaction wander positions and wander sequence effects (2) Validate rutting models for unbound base and subbase

Work Plan Status Task I: Acquire NAPTF trafficking response data for the CC1 and CC3 test sections Completed Excel 2007 capable of analyzing all data Task II: Analyze NAPTF trafficking response data for individual gear/wheel passes MFC 777 and 747 completed Effects of wander positions & wander sequence Effect of traffic direction LFS section next

Pavement Layout B777 Lane B747 Lane

NAPTF Pavement Cross Sections

NAPTF Pavement Cross Sections

Wander Direction W-E E-W

Wander Position CL (for clarity - only one Dual Wheel Set shown)

Wander Position CL (for clarity - only one Dual Wheel Set shown)

Wander Position CL (for clarity - only one Dual Wheel Set shown)

Wander Distribution 78.744in 2000mm

Wander Sequence SEQUENCE 1 78.744in 2000mm

Wander Sequence SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 1 78.744in 2000mm

Wander Sequence SEQUENCE 3 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 1 78.744in 2000mm

Wander Sequence SEQUENCE 4 SEQUENCE 3 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 1 78.744in 2000mm

Wander Sequence SEQUENCE 5 SEQUENCE 4 SEQUENCE 3 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 1 78.744in 2000mm

Definition of Residual and Rebound Begin avg & Max Case 1 Residual = Final Beginning = -12 0 = -12mils CONTRACTION End avg Rebound = Final Min Response = -12 (-75) = +63mils Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 2 Residual = Final Beginning = 15 0 = +15mils DILATION Max & End avg Begin avg Min Rebound (in this case) = Initial Value* Min Response = 0 (-33) = +33mils * CANNOT rebound more than back to beginning value

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 3 Rebound (in this case) = Final Max Response = 8 (11) = -3mils Max End avg Begin avg Residual = Final Beginning = 8 0 = +8mils Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 4 Max End avg Rebound (in this case) = Final Max Response = 42 60 = -18mils Begin avg Residual = Final Beginning = 42 0 = +42mils Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 5 NO REBOUND End avg & Max Begin avg & Min Residual = Final Beginning = 42 0 = +42mils

Definition of Residual and Rebound Begin avg & Max Case 6 NO REBOUND Residual = Final Beginning = -58 0 = -58 mils End avg & Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Maximum Value Case 7 Residual = Final Beginning = -5 0 = -5mils Beginning Average Ending Average Minimum Value Rebound = Final Min Response = -5 (-49) = +44mils

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 8 Max Rebound (in this case) = Final Max Response = 8 (14) = -6mils End avg Begin avg Residual = Final Beginning = 8 0 = +8mils Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 9 Max Rebound (in this case) = Final Max Response = 18 (48) = -30mils End avg Begin avg & Min Residual = Final Beginning = 18 0 = +18mils

Definition of Residual and Rebound Case 10 Rebound (in this case) = Final Max Response = 40 (81) = -41mils Max End avg Begin avg Residual = Final Beginning = 40 0 = +40mils Min

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Sensor Data Processing

Normalizing the MDD Response 10.0 5.0 Shifted 0.0 Deflection (mils) -5.0-10.0-15.0 Non-Normalized Peak Response = 15mils Actual Normalized Peak Response = 20mils -20.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (sec) Sensor Normalized Sensor

Actual Absolute Sensor Movement 10.0 Typical Sensor Processing 0.0-10.0-20.0-39 -30.0 Deflection (mils) -40.0-50.0-60.0-70.0-60 -80.0-90.0-100.0-110.0-99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (sec) Sensor Anchor Anch-Sensor

INCORRECT Sensor Movement Calculation 20.0 10.0 Required Time Shift 0.0 Defleciton (mils) -10.0-20.0 INCORRECT -30.0-40.0-50.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (sec) Anchor Sensor Anchor-Sensor

Correct Sensor Movement Calculation 10 Peak Response Times Line Up 0-10 Defleciton (mils) -20 CORRECT -30-40 -50 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Time (sec) Anchor Sensor Anchor minus Sensor

Normalizing the MDD Response Response (mils) 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 -80-90 -100-110 -120 Avg. of 1.5sec is subtracted from each data point Which Normalizes the Response to 0. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time (sec) Non-Normalized Reading Normalized After Subtracting Normalized Before Subtracting

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 60 Residual Response of MFC 777 Lane, Sensors 1549 Bottom of P209 Layer 40 20 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-20 -40-60 -80-100 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Pass Number Unaligned

Wander Position CL (for clarity - only one Dual Wheel Set shown)

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 60 Residual Response of MFC 777 Lane, Sensors 1549 Bottom of P209 Layer, Wander Position 2 50 40 Resdiaul Response (mils) 30 20 10 0-10 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Pass Number Aligned Unaligned

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 60 Residual Response of MFC 777 Lane, Sensors 1549 Bottom of P209 Layer 40 20 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-20 -40-60 -80-100 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Pass Number Al i gned Unal i gned

200 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response of MFC 747, Sensors 1558 and 1565 150 West and East MDDs Correlate Well 100 50 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-50 -100-150 -200-250 -300-350 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 Pass Number 1558 1565

200 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response of MFC 747, Sensors 1565 and 1571 (do not match) 150 100 50 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-50 -100-150 -200-250 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 Pass Number 1565 1571

200 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response of MFC 747, Sensors 1565 and 1567 (CORRECT PAIRING) 150 100 50 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-50 -100-150 -200-250 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 Pass Number 1565 1567

150 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response of MFC 747, Sensors 1566 and 1571 (CORRECT PAIRING) Correct Sensor Locations Provided (bottom of P209 and top of P154) 100 50 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-50 -100-150 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 Pass Number 1566 1571

150 100 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response of MFC 747, Sensors 1564, 1566, and 1571 (very close) Bottom of P154 West and East MDDs 50 Resdiaul Response (mils) 0-50 -100-150 -200-250 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 Pass Number 1564 1566 1571

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Data Analysis

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 Residual Response, MFC, 777 Lane, Subgrade Layer, Complete 66 Pass Wander 10 Residual Response (mils) 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -4-2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 429 1303 3103 4166 wander row

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 40 Rebound Response, MFC, 777 Lane, Subgrade Layer, Complete 66 Pass Wander 30 Rebound Response (mils) 20 10 0-10 -4-2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 429 1303 1899 3103 Wander Row

Wander Position CL (for clarity - only one Dual Wheel Set shown)

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 10 Residual Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle Pass 29 Pass 95 Residual Response (mils) 0-10 -20-30 -40-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0-50 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 wander row

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 10 Residual Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle Pass 2905 Pass 2970 Residual Response (mils) 0-10 -20-30 -40-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0-50 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 2905 wander row

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 10 Residual Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle Dilation Residual Response (mils) 0-10 -20-30 Contraction -40-50 -4-2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 2905 wander row

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 Residual Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle W-E Wander Position 2 Dilation 10 Residual Response (mils) 0-10 -20-30 -40 W-E Wander Position 0 Contraction -50-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 297 1033 1965 2905 4694 wander row

50 40 30 20 Residual Response, MFC, 777 Lane, P154 Layer, Complete 66 Pass Wander Cycle Task II: Progress Made In 2007 W-E Wander Row 2 Dilation Residual Response (mils) 10 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 W-E Wander Row 0-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Row Pass Number StartingPass Number 228 628 1234 2160 3034 4029 5021 wander row Contraction

Residual Response (mils) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Residual Response, MFC, 747 Lane, P154 Layer, Complete 66 Pass Wander Cycle W-E Wander Row -1 W-E Wander Row 1-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Row Pass Number StartingPass Number 96 624 1221 2147 3017 4076 5066 wander row Contraction Dilation

Definition of Residual and Rebound NEGATIVE Rebound = DILATIVE Rebound Max End avg Begin avg Min

Definition of Residual and Rebound Begin avg & Max Case 1 End avg POSITIVE Rebound = Contractive Rebound Min

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 Rebound Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle W-E Wander Row 0 15 Rebound Response (mils) 10 5 0-5 -10 Contraction Rebound W-E Wander Row 2 Dilation Rebound -15-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 297 1033 1965 2905 4694 Wander Row

Task II: Progress Made In 2007 20 15 Rebound Response in MFC, 777 Lane, 8" P209 Layer, 66 Pass Wander Cycle W-E Wander Row 0 Contraction Rebound Rebound Response (mils) 10 5 0-5 -10 W-E Wander Row 2-15 -4-2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 Dilation Rebound 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Pattern Pass Number StartingPass Number 29 297 1033 1965 2905 4694 Wander Row

40 35 Task II: Progress Made In 2007 Rebound Response, MFC, 777 Lane, P154 Layer, Complete 66 Pass Wander Cycle W-E Wander Row 0 Rebound Response (mils) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 Contraction Rebound -10-15 -20 W-E Wander Row 2-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3-4 -2 0 2 4 3 1-1 -3 3 1-1 -3-2 0 2-2 0 2 1-1 1-1 0 Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Sequence 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Wander Row Pass Number StartingPass Number 228 628 1234 2160 3034 4029 5021 Wander Row Dilation Rebound

Work Plan 2008 Task II: continued Analysis of other sensors progressing MFC 747 LFS 777 and 747 Individual layer residual and rebound response values being calculated

Work Plan 2008 Task III: Analyze NAPTF trafficking response data for pavement loading until failure To be evaluated after rutting analysis Task IV: Identify and evaluate deformation trends in the CC1 test sections Progressing with Task II Task V: Model wander effects using 3D nonlinear finite element analysis model Introduce dilative response into model To be pursued after Tasks II-IV IV

2007 Summary Findings - MDD data shows dilative effect of wander - As expected, Wander Positions 0 and 1 produce the most contractive response for the B777 and B747 respectively - Wander Positions 2 and -1 produce the most dilative effect (B777 and B747 respectively) both patterns ~20 from MDD

2007 Summary Findings - Traveling E-W E W back over the same wander position causes substantially less response - Wander Sequence 5 causes the least residual contractive response, possibly due to shakedown from the narrow wander positions of sequence 5 - The P209 layer rebounds less from the dilative effect of wander row 2 than does the P154 layer

Data Collection Suggestions Collect in the same file Pass number (not event number) Direction (W-E E or E-W)* E Wander Position* Wander Pattern Sequence Number Temperature* * These are already collected, just not very clear and not in the same file

Data Collection Suggestions Before putting into database Align sensor readings (ensure same number of data points and collection of data is synchronized) Normalize all sensor readings to 0 Calculate absolute movement of each sensor (do the surface sensor (anchor) minus sensor reading internally) Calculate peak times and peak values Calculate maximum response, residual response, and rebound response Calculated layer response (top layer sensor minus bottom layer sensor) Clearly mark erroneous data readings (from truncated data, no data, etc.)

Data Collection Suggestions SensorID EventNo Pass Number Temp Deg F Wande r Row (-4 to 4) Wander Direction (W-E or E-W) Wander Sequence Number (1 to 5) Complete Pattern Pass Number (1 to 66) Peak1 Time (sec) Peak1 (mils) Peak2 Time (sec) Peak2 (mils) Peak3 Time (sec) Peak3 (mils) 1548 2345 123 54 2 W-E 2 25. starting value (should be 0) mils ending value (mils) Max Time (sec) Maximu m Deflection (mils) Min Time (sec) Minimum Deflection (mils) Rebound Response (mils) Residual Response (mils) # Data Points Collected Time Step (sec) 0 0.05 0.1 (most upward deflection) (most downward deflection)

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