Valerijs Bezrukovs, Vladislavs Bezrukovs Ventspils University College Latvia WREF2012 Denver, CO May 13-17, 2012
Baltic countries 2 Currently rise of WPP development in Baltic countries. Attractive for large WPP: + coastal territories with good wind resource; + low population; + government support and EU subsidies; + Developed infrastructure of electric power networks; Planed Wind Power Plants (onshore and offshore): Estonia Latvia Lithuania 600 MW 900 MW 1000 MW
Latvia 3 Site 1. Ventspils region 53 m long metrological mast with a measuring complex LOGGER 9200 Symphonie Site 2. Ainaži region 60 m long metrological mast with a measuring complex LOGGER 9200 Symphonie Site 3. Ventspils region Optical remote sensing complex lidar ZephIR Map of the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea with planned WPP locations (blue labels) and wind measurement sites 1, 2 and 3 (red stars).
Wind studies in Latvia 4 Institute of Physical Energetics (IPE), Riga, Latvia http://www.innovation.lv/fei/ Engineering Research Institute Ventspils International Radioastronomy Center, (ERI VIRAC), Ventspils, Latvia http://www.virac.eu/ One of research areas: - renewable energy resources and studies of wind energy distribution in Latvia;
Site 1. Ventspils 5 27.07.2007 Ventspils region (west coast): Baltic Sea coast, flat terrain covered with forest (8 10 meters high trees) Mast distance from see: ~ 5 km.
Site 2. Ainaži 6 11.04.2009 Ainaži region (North part of Latvia): An open plain terrain remote from the sea. Mast distance from see: ~ 35 km.
Site 3. Ventspils 7 Ventspils region (west coast): Baltic Sea coast, urban area. 27.06.2011. Distance from see: less then 1 km. Optical remote sensing complex lidar ZephIR for measuring wind speed and direction on the distance till height 160 m on five height levels.
Sensors: Wind measurement sites specifications 8 Ventspils (site 1) Ainaži (site 2) Ventspils (site 3) Instrument: NRG Metrological mast, height 53 m NRG Metrological mast, height 60 m Site elevation at sea level : 15 m 60 m 42 m Terrain type: Baltic Sea coast, plane An open plain terrain wooded terrain (8 10 m remote from the sea. high trees). Mast distance Mast distance from the sea: from the sea: ~ 5 km. ~ 35 km. Natural Power infrared lidar ZephIR. Baltic Sea coast, urban area with highest building ~50 m, Lidar distance from the sea: <800 m. Date of installation: 27.07.2007. 11.04.2009. 27.06.2011. NRG #40, digital sensor, NRG #40, digital sensor, time of integration 10 s; time of integration 10 s; Anemometer: Height (m): 20; 30; 40; 50; Height (m): 10; 20; 30; 40; 53 50; 60 Wind direction: Temperature: NRG #200P Wind Vane; Height (m): 20; 53 NRG #110S Temp; Height (m): 20 Barometer: NRG #BR20 Barometer; NRG #200P Wind Vane; Height (m): 50; 60 NRG #110S Temp; Height (m): 6 Not installed ZephIR lidar equipped with 2 m mast with wind speed and wind direction sensors, temperature sensor, barometer, rain sensor, humidity sensor. Laser beam set for levels (m): 60; 80; 100; 130; 160.
Data reduction 9 In sites 1 and 2 (Ventspils and Ainaži) data was recoded using: NRG LOGGER Symphonie complex Data stored and filtered using: NRG Symphonie Data Retriever In site 3 (Ventspils) was used Natural Power Ltd software: Tempo Waltz v4.0
Data reduction 10 Wind analysis done with: Microsoft Excel 2007+ various scripts for plotting graph WAsP the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program More than 4 500 000 records; More than 5 years of measurements;
Average wind speed V avg, m/s Site 1. Ventspils. 2007 2011. 11 6.5 6 5.5 Ventspils, site 1 Height 50 (m) Height 30 (m) Height 20 (m) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 Jul.2007 Jan.2008 Jul.2008 Jan.2009 Jul.2009 Jan.2010 Jul.2010 Jan.2011 Jul.2011 Jan.2012 Time T, months Average wind speed (V avg ) at heights 20, 30 and 50 m and wind rose at height 50 m for measurement period T 2007/2011
Average wind speed V avg, m/s Site 2. Ainaži. 2009 2011. 12 6 5.5 5 4.5 Ainaži, site 2 Height 60 (m) Height 30 (m) Height 10 (m) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 Time T, months Average wind speed (V avg ) at heights 10, 30 and 60 m and wind rose at height 60 m for measurement period T 2009/2011
Frequency F, % Frequency F, % Frequency F, % Frequency F, % Wind measurements in Ventspils region 13 14% 12% 10% Ventspils, site 1 Height 50 (m) Height 40 (m) Height 30 (m) Height 20 (m) 14% 12% 10% Ventspils, site 1 Height 50 (m) Height 40 (m) Height 30 (m) Height 20 (m) 8% 8% 6% 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wind speed V, m/s 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Wind speed V, m/s Wind speed frequency distribution curves F(V) (left) and Weibull probability density functions (right). 2007/2011. Ventspils, site 1. 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% Ventspils, site 3 Height 160 (m) Height 100 (m) Height 80 (m) Height 60 (m) Height 44 (m) 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% Ventspils, site 3 Height 160 (m) Height 100 (m) Height 80 (m) Height 60 (m) Height 44 (m) 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Wind speed V, m/s 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Wind speed V, m/s Wind speed frequency distribution curves F(V) (left) and Weibull probability density functions (right). 06.2011/12.2011. Ventspils, site 3.
Frequency F, % Frequency F, % Wind measurements in Ventspils region 14 Frequency and Weibull distributions curves. 14% 12% 10% Ventspils, site 1, height 50 m Frequency distribution Weibull distribution 9% 8% 7% 6% Ventspils, site 3, height 44 m Frequency distribution Weibull distribution 8% 5% 6% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Wind speed V, m/s 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Wind speed V, m/s Ventspils, site 1. 07.2007/12.2011 Ventspils, site 3. 06.2011/12.2011 Site Height above ground, m V avg, m/s V avg.cub., m/s Weibull parameter P avg.weibull, W/m 2 P avg.real, W/m 2 Ratio P avg.real to P avg.weibull k c Site 1 50 4.88 6.01 2.33 5.51 119.46 133.18 1.11 Site 3 44 3.91 5.30 1.76 4.39 80.67 91.54 1.13
Wind measurements in Ventspils region 15 Wind power density P avg, W/m 2 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Ventspils, site 3 Height 160 (m) Height 130 (m) Height 100 (m) Height 80 (m) Height 60 (m) Height 44 (m) 0 Jun.2011 Jul.2011 Aug.2011 Sep.2011 Oct.2011 Nov.2011 Dec.2011 Jan.2012 Time T, months Height above ground, m P avg.weibull, W/m 2 P avg.real, W/m 2 44 81 92 60 221 247 80 404 445 81 416 458 100 632 688 130 870 942 160 1004 1085 Wind power density curves for heights up to 160 m above ground level. 06.2011/12.2011. Ventspils, site 3.
Height H, m Wind measurements in Ventspils region 16 160 140 120 Ventspils, site 3 Min Mean Max Latest 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Wind speed V, m/s Distribution curves of the wind speed at heights from 44 m to 160 m, for a short-time period (24 h) obtained using complex ZephIR software. Ventspils, site 3.
Height H, m Wind measurements in Ventspils region 17 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 Ventspils site 1, 5 years Ventspils site 1, 6 months Ventspils site 3, 6 months Ventspils site 3, 5 years (model) H 1 (v)= 8 + 0.189(v+1.4) 2.994 H 2 (v)= 8 + 0.209(v+1.4) 2.898 H 3 (v)= 0.202 v 2.937 H 4 (v)=0.189 v 2.994 1 2 3 4 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Wind speed v, m/s The approximating functions of the height vs. average wind speed H(v) for the Ventspils regions sites 1 and 3 extrapolated up to the height of 200 m.
Conclusions 18 Availability of large unpopulated areas on the coasts of the Baltic countries, along with the developed infrastructure of electric power networks, makes attractive the use of these lands for siting large WPPs. During long-term observations a statistical database has been accumulated on the distribution of speeds and directions of winds at different heights: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 m in the Ventspils and Ainaži regions on the Baltic Sea shore. On the Baltic Sea shores near the Ventspils region calculated annual mean wind power density at height of 100 m is more than 600 W/m 2. Possibilities of correcting short-time measurements by using longterm database from adjacent areas are discussed. The results of research of wind speed distribution up to 200 m are promising for evaluation of wind energy potential in Latvia and should help in assessment of prospective sites for construction of WPPs.
Conclusions and further work 19 For full understanding about of available wind recourses in Latvia and creation Wind atlas of Latvia 3 measuring sites completely not enough. One way to increase amount of measuring sites to use existing mobile masts and install wind sensors on them. LMT (Latvian Mobile network operator) agreed for this proposal and in this spring first sensors was installed in one mast)
20 THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION! Acknowledgements: Encom Ltd; Ventspils University College; Institute of Physical Energetics; NORSEWInD - Northern Seas Wind Index Database FP7 project; The participation of the author at this conference is financed from ERDF s project SATTEH, No. 2010/0189/2DP/2.1.1.2.0/10/APIA/VIAA/019, being implemented in Engineering Research Institute «Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre» of Ventspils University College (VIRAC). INVESTMENT IN YOUR FUTURE!