The Respiratory System
Learning Outcomes Identify the following structures in the lungs: windpipe, bronchus, bronchioles and air sacs State the function of the air sacs State the path oxygen takes when it when it enters the body State the path carbon dioxide takes when it when it leaves the body
Position of the lungs The lungs are in the chest. What are they protected by? Lungs Ribs
Windpipe (trachea) Has rings of cartilage to keep it open
Bronchi Connects windpipe to the lungs
Bronchioles Connects bronchus to air sacs (no cartilage)
Air sacs As small as a grain of salt!
Air sacs are covered with blood capillaries A single alveolus bronchioles Air sacs Each air sac is a hollow, thin-walled sac that is covered with Capillaries. This is where gas exchange takes place in the lungs
Air sacs Site of gas exchange Air sac Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the air sac CO 2 CO 2 O 2 O 2 Blood capillary
Structure of the lungs Add the following labels to your diagram: Windpipe / bronchus / bronchioles / air sac / lung
Air sacs Air sac Site of gas exchange CO 2 CO 2 O 2 O 2 Blood capillary Oxygen enters the b c from the a Oxygen s AT enters THE the SAME blood TIME, capillary carbon from dioxide the air enters sac AT the THE SAME TIME, from carbon the dioxide enters the air sac from the blood capillary NOTE
S3 starter 1. Put the following structures in ORDER that OXYGEN will pass through them: Nose / bronchioles / bronchus / blood capillary / windpipe / air sac 1. Nose / 2. windpipe / 3. bronchus / 4. bronchioles / 5. air sac / 6. blood capillary 2. Put the following structures in ORDER that CARBON DIOIXDE will pass through them: Nose / bronchioles / bronchus / blood capillary / windpipe / air sac 1. blood capillary / 2. air sac / 3. bronchioles / 4. bronchus / 5. windpipe/ 6. Nose
Learning Outcomes State 2 ways the lungs keep themselves clean State 2 things WE can do to keep our lungs healthy Name 3 substances found in cigarette smoke What should healthy lungs look like?
Healthy lungs! How are the lungs kept clean? MUCUS Why are the lungs shiny looking? Are the lungs wet or dry? What makes them like this?
Cilia hairs
Microscope Slides Of Cilia light microscope slide (X1000) electron microscope slide X500,000 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwpwn8w5nla&feature=related
Are the lungs always healthy? What do diseased lungs look like?
Effects of Smoking Video What is in cigarette smoke???
Nicotine A stimulant drug Smoking or chewing tobacco makes many people feel good, even mildly euphoric. It's the nicotine that produces the buzz It's the nicotine that causes cravings
Carbon monoxide carbon monoxide prevents oxygen from being used by your body. Carbon monoxide is poisonous and can harm your central nervous system and even your heart
Some of the common symptoms associated with carbon monoxide poisoning are, Headaches / Dizziness Weakness Vomiting Heart Attack Seizures blurry vision coma respiratory failure
Tar 1. Tar irritates the lining of the airways and stops the tiny hairs that sweep dust from our bronchioles from working. 2. Accumulated mucus and dust is then removed by coughing. 3. Over many years of coughing the delicate structure of the air sacs is destroyed. 4. This disease is called emphysema. 5. In the longer term tars can cause lung cancer.
Keeping the Lungs healthy How do the lungs keep themselves clean? Mucus The mucus traps dust, dirt and g germs Cilia (hairs) The cilia hairs sweep the m up towards the o, oesophagus to be swallowed or spat out. How can WE keep our lungs healthy? Avoiding unhealthy activities (s ) (smoking) Regular R exercise mucus
S3 Starter Questions 1. Name 3 substances in cigarette smoke that can harm the body 2. What disease are smokers more likely to suffer from than non-smokers? 3. Which substance stops oxygen from being passed around the body? 4. Which substance irritates the lungs and leads to a build up of mucus? 5. Which substance causes addiction? 6. Name 2 things in the lungs that help to keep the lungs HEALTHY Effects of Smoking Video
Learning Outcomes State what happens to the breathing rate DURING and AFTER exercising. State what a SHORT recovery time means
lungs http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips /anatomy-and-physiology-of-thelungs/5373.html Watch the video and write down, on average, how many breaths we take everyday.
The effect of exercise on AIM: RESULTS: breathing rate Breathing rate (b p m) Pupil Name Before exercise IMMEDIATELY after 1 minute of exercise 5 minutes after 1 minute of exercise CONCLUSION:
The effect of exercise on breathing rate - CONCLUSION Exercise results in faster, deeper breathing and increases gas exchange in the. lungs During the recovery time after exercise breathing depth and rate return to. normal A short recovery time indicates. fitness WORD BANK: Fitness / time / normal / recovery / faster / deeper / lungs
Breathing rates can be shown on a graph!
Tasks Stick in the graph and complete the questions underneath it. Complete the following Quick Questions: 1. Describe the route taken by air into the lungs 2. Where in the lungs does oxygen pass into the blood? 3. Describe the gas exchange that takes place in the lungs 4. State two effects the exercise has on breathing 5. How does the recovery time after exercise differ between a fit and unfit person? Collect a TRUE/False worksheet (complete it & stick it into your jotter!)
What is the person s breathing rate?
3.9 2.8 = 1.1 Litres What is the volume of air breathed IN / OUT in one normal breath?
What volume of air is in the person after normally breathing out?
Answers to Quick Questions 1. Windpipe, bronchi, bronchioles, air sacs 2. In the air sacs 3. Oxygen passes from the air sacs into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air sacs 4. Breathing becomes deeper and faster 5. Recovery time in a fit person is shorter than an unfit person
Next The Circulatory System