USDA-ARS Areawide Tick IPM Project: Host-targeted Control Andrew Y. Li USDA, ARS, BARC, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory Beltsville, Maryland CDC USDA Baltimore, MD March 21, 2018 Tick Summit Integrated Tick Management: Community-Wide Action to Address the Global Tick Problem 9th International IPM Symposium
Deer ticks Limited number of tick control tools: Dr. Rich Gary, Ohio Department of Health http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/ticks-in-ohio Area spray of pesticides: synthetic- versus bio-pesticides Host-targeted control (immature ticks): Tick tube, Bait box Host-targeted control (adult ticks): 4-Poster http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/tickborne/lyme/
ARS 4-Poster Deer Treatment Bait Station To control ticks feeding on white-tailed deer J. Mathews Pound Food storage (corn kernels) Permethrin-based insecticide An ARS-patented 4-poster device that lures (with food!) deer so that they get tick-killing pesticide transferred to their heads, necks and ears while feeding at the device. 4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal June 3, 2012 C.R. Daniels Inc
4-Poster Field Trial: Kerr Wildlife Management Area, Hunt, TX J. Mathews Pound Percentage control of free-living lone star ticks from treatment of white-tailed deer with 4-Poster J. Mathews Pound YEAR ADULTS NYMPHS LARVAE 1995* -0.3-9.7-25.0 1996 22.2 40.3 68.4 1997 86.4 87.0 96.4 1998 93.7 91.9 88.0 *Pretreatment comparison
Entry Point Non-toxic food blocks Wick with 3 mls of acaricide Dolan et al. 2004-3-year study in Connecticut. - Reduced Borrelia infection in white-footed mice by 53%. - Reduced questing adults by 77%. - Also reduced Borrelia infection rate in ticks (31% vs 47%). Schulze et al. 2017-2-year study in New Jersey. - Reduced host-seeking nymphs by 87.8% at 1 year post intervention. by 97.3% at 2 year post intervention. Dolan et al. 2017 - A study in New Jersey. - Reduced nymphal and larval tick burdens on small mammals by 76% and 77%. Tick Box Technology Corporation
Previous studies indicate that entomopathogenic fungi can suppress host-seeking deer tick populations Stafford and Allan, 2010 Bharadwai and Stafford, 2010 Reduced tick abundance 55-84% on lawn and woodland plots. Reduced tick abundance 87-96% 3 weeks posttreatment 53-74% % 5 weeks posttreatment.
The challenge we face now: We do not have the magic bullet or even practical recommendations to residents / communities for effective control of blacklegged tick populations to reduce the risk of tick bite and Lyme disease. Questions? Can we achieve better control of blacklegged tick populations by combining individual tick control measures? Solutions for real world situation? Urbanization deer, mice, ticks / TBPs, & humans Reduction of tick population, pathogen infection rate in ticks and hosts -> reduced risk for humans? Disease ecology deer and mouse behaviors in suburban environment? How host-targeted control affect animal behavior? New / Novel approaches anti-tick vaccines, transgenic ticks..? 4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal June 3, 2012
USDA-ARS Areawide Tick IPM Project (2016 2021) Field pesticide trials - CT 4 test sites / treatment combinations 4-Poster, rodent bait box, biopesticide GPS deer tracking Tick surveillance Tick and rodent pathogen tests Anti-tick vaccine trial on deer Li Field pesticide trials - MD 4 test sites / treatment combinations 4-Poster, rodent bait box, biopesticide GPS deer tracking Tick surveillance Stafford Williams Molaei Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Project Coordination Machtinger (USDA ARS IIBBL / now Penn State) Norman (Howard County) Murrow (University of Maryland) Beimfohr (USDA ARS IIBBL) Two states: MD & CT Multi-institutions Multi-disciplines Anti-tick vaccine -TX Novel anti-tick antigens - Production - Formulation Lab animal trials - CO Anti-tick vaccine rabbits / white-footed mouse tissue & blood tests for pathogens Pathogen tests - MD Tick pathogen tests with Multiplex PCR Long-term Comprehensive study Guerrero Perez de Leon USDA ARS KBUSLIRL Pal University of Maryland 4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal Esteve-Gassent June 3, 2012 Texas T&M Eisen Division of Vector-Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Stromdahl / Nadolny US Army Public Health Center Rich / Xu University of Massachusetts
Field study sites 1 1. Davis Force Park 2. Centennial Park 3. Cedar Lane Park 4. Middle Patuxent Environment Area 5. Blandair Park 6. Rockburn Park 7. Wincopin Trail 4 3 2 7 5 6
Objectives: USDA ARS Areawide Tick IPM Project Howard County, MD (1) Determine patterns of white-tailed deer movement and impacts on the distribution and abundance of blacklegged ticks in suburban landscape surrounding natural areas / parks. (2) Determine if placement of the 4-poster deer treatment station alters deer movement patterns, as well as its impact on tick density on resident white-tailed deer. (3) Implement an integrated tick control strategy that combines hosttargeted and non-host targeted tick control measures for suppression of tick populations in environment. 4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal June 3, 2012
GPS Tracking of White-tailed Deer Movement to Understand Tick-Host Interaction Progress: 1. Project team includes USDA-ARS, Howard County, University of Maryland, Penn State University. 2. Deer trapping / collaring protocols developed by the project team and approved by USDA IACUC. 3. Site selections: 7 parks/natural areas selected for the study n 2017. 4. Equipment (GPS collars, Dropping nets, Clover trap). 5. Deer trapping and GPS collaring Two trapping seasons: Feb-April 20187; January-March 2018. 4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal June 3, 2012
Residential neighborhood Handicappedoutdoors.com
Recruitment of Home Owner Participation
4th International Bayer Cattle Symposium Lisbon, Portugal June 3, 2012
News Releases January 31, 2017
Deer capture: Deer capture: - drop net 1. Drop net Deer capture: 2. Clover trap
Tracking deer movements in Suburban landscape January 31, 2017 Cedar Lane Park
Tracking deer movements in suburban landscape: * deer movement pattern - correlation with tick distribution * placement of 4-Poster - deer behavioral change MPEA
Tick and mouse sampling
Summary There is the first truly area-wide Integrated Tick Management project run by the USDA. New approaches Tick- deer / tick- mouse interactions: GPS tracking / GIS analysis Synergistic effects of different control techniques Control efficacy: tick population density & tick / mouse infection rate Multi-disciplinary / multi-institutional approaches Commitments by Howard County and all cooperators /collaborators We are in year 2 of the 5-year project period - Baseline data collection in 2017 - Control measures will soon be deployed in 2018
USDA-ARS Area-wide Pest Management Program Phil Norman Erika Machtinger Jennifer Murrow Acknowledgments USDA ARS Project Team Cooperators / Collaborators Dr. Erika Machtinger Dr. Erika Machtinger Laura Beimfohr Dr. Jennifer Murrow Yasmine Hentati Phil Norman / Brenda Belensky Carson Coriell Drs. Kirby Stafford & Scott Williams Grace Hummell Dr. Utpal Pal / Dr. Maria Esteve-Gassent Patrick Roden-Reynolds Dr. Lars Eisen Dr. Robyn Nadolny Dr. Felix Guerrero Ellen Stromdahl Dr. Beto Perez de Leon Drs. Steve Rich & Guang Xu Beltsville Agricultural Research Center