Using physiologicl tools to forecst mle life-history types to id in mngement of htchery nd wild Oncorhynchus mykiss Don Lrsen nd Penny Swnson NOAA Fisheries Mollie Middleton nd Jon Dickey UW, School of Aqutic nd Fishery Sciences Ryn Gerstenerger nd Chris Brun Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion Photo courtesy IDFG
Reserch pproch dpted from. 2:50 3:10 pm BREAK 3:10 5:10 pm Session Three 20 Minute Presenttions Htchery Issues Chir: Russ Bellmer, CDFW 3:10 Insights into Oregon nglers: How ngler opinions cn help fisheries mngement Kevin Goodson, ODFW 3:30 Evluting survivl nd residulism of htchery steelhed during the trnsition to loclly sourced roodstock nd two yer old smolt production t the Winthrop Ntionl Fish Htchery Chris Trtr, NOAA NWFSC 3:50 Elucidtion of reproductive trits in Cliforni steelhed using intergenertionl genetic tgging Crlos Grz, NOAA SWFSC 4:10 Recommendtions of the Cliforni Htchery Scientific Review Group for Cliforni s Steelhed Progrms Michel Lcy, CDFW 4:30 Incresed size t relese of htchery steelhed decreses tendency of Trinity River Steelhed to exhiit the hlf-pounder life history Dvid G. Hnkin, Humoldt Stte Univ 4:50 Pnel discussion Modertor: Russ Bellmer, CDFW
Steelhed, Oncorhynchus mykiss, life history Photo courtesy Mtt Cooper Mturtion & spwning Ocen (1 3 yers) Emryo Andromous Steelhed Estury/erly mrine (2 weeks) Resident Rinow Trout Prr Mturtion in fresh wter Smolt (ge 1-3)
Hood River Bsin, Oregon Co-mngers from the Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion (CTWSR) nd ODFW relese ~50K Hood R. winter run steelhed nnully from the Prkdle Fish Fcility nd Est Fork Snd Trp comined.
Independent Scientific Review Pnel (ISRP) 2008-2010 Review of Revised Hood River Production Mster Pln ISRP Review Summry Residulism y Htchery Steelhed..reviews recommended tht the project sponsors develop M&E protocols to ssess the extent to which the residulism of htchery steelhed is resulting in the displcement of wild fish from Hood River hitt These yerling residuls my compete with nd displce wild underyerling prr.my contriute little or nothing to susequent smolt yields, while few likely mture precociously nd spwn with wild fish, thus decresing fitness of wild spwners.contriuting towrd hyrid swrms with cutthrot trout.. A good strting point.estimte the numer of residuls the htchery is producing.or try to forecst life-history types.
Why do steelhed residulize? Too smll to smolt notle in S1 progrms Fst erly growth leds to erly mle mturtion I m ctully rinow trout despite the lifestyle my prents chose
Length Emergence Smple Wht re the possile life-history options for Hood River Winter run steelhed? All Potentilly Residuls Mture-1 (M) Smolt-1 (M/F) Mture-2 (M/F?) Ocen = 1 slt River = RBT (?) Smolt-2 (M/F) Mture-3 (M/F) Smolt-3 (M/F) Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Age-0 Age-1 Age-2 Age-3 Adpted from Berejikin et l. 20ll
Methods Collect 300 Hood River Winter steelhed t Prkdle Fcility in My 2012 nd 2013 just prior to relese Mesure length, weight, sex, gond weight for GSI, visul sexul development stte, visul smolt stte Collect Gill tissue from mles nd femles Plsm from ll mles Pituitry glnds from ll mles Testes from ll mles
Physiologicl tools to determine life-history Sex of the fish Testes histology chrcterize cell types Mle GSI Mle Plsm 11-KT levels Pituitry mrna trnscript for FSH nd LH in mles Testes mrna for AMH nd IGF-3 (BY 2012) in mles Mle nd femle Gill N+/K+-ATPse levels Mle nd femle Externl ppernce prr mrks or silvering 1 = prr, 2 = trnsitionl, 3 = smolt
Results Sex - 154 femles, 146 mles (51:49) BY 2011-165 femles, 135 mles (55:45) BY 2012 There were only 4 immture prr (smolt index = 1) in 2011 (ll femle) nd 0 in 2012. All other femles were immture smolts Smolts were the most common life-history in oth yers In mles mturtion initites efore cler increses in GSI Histology ws est method for exmining mle mturtion nd we recognized 6 different life-history stges (or types) in oth rood yers Other prmeters were required to support the histologicl results This pproch could e used for surveying wild stocks s well.
Stge 0 Immture smolt
Stge-1, 2, nd 3 mle fish re ll t vrying stges of inititing mturtion for next spring
GSI is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 2011 GSI (%) 4.5 3.0 1.5 0.2 0.1 Initited Mturtion 0.0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge c BY 2012
Plsm 11-KT is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 2011 11KT (ng/ml) 4 3 2 1 Initited Mturtion 0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 2012 11KT (ng/ml) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Initited Mturtion 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Pituitry FSH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 2011 175 150 Initited Mturtion c FSHet/Ef1 125 100 75 50 25 c BY 2012 FSHet/Ef1 0 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Pituitry LH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 2011 10000 Initited Mturtion c LH et/ef1 1000 100 10 1 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 2012 LHet/Ef1 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 c c c c 0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Testiculr AMH mrna is high in smolts nd decreses with mturtion BY 2011 AMH/Ef1 10 8 6 4 Initited Mturtion c c c 2 0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 2012 Not mesured due to Gov t Furlough
Testiculr IGF3 mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 2011 IGF3/Ef1 40 30 20 10 Initited Mturtion c c 0 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 2012 Not mesured
Smolt dt
Smolt Index y Size y Sex BY 2011 Weight (g) 150 125 100 75 50 Mles Femles 25 BY 2012 Weight (g) 0 1 2 3 150 Mles Smolt Index 125 Femles 100 75 50 25 0 1 2 3 Smolt Index
Gill ATPse incresed with higher smolt index BY 2011 BY 2012 ATPse ctivity ( mmoles ADP/mg protein/hour) ATPse ctivity ( mmoles ADP/mg protein/hour) 5 Mles 4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0 Femles 1 2 3 Smolt Index Mles Femles 1 2 3 Smolt Index c c
Now comine smolting / sex / mturtion to ctegorize ech fish BY 2011 ATPse ctivity 5 4 3 2 1 0 101 154 4 prr Residuls? 15 16 5 6 2 M F M M M M M 0 0Femle 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 4 BY 2012 ATPse ctivity 3 2 1 0 93 165 17 9 7 4 M F M M M M M 0 Femle 0 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 5
BY 2011 nd 2012 Hood River winter run Steelhed lifehistory forecst % of Relese 100 97% Andromous 80 60 40 20 0 Residul Prr BY 2011 3% Residuls M-1 (PP) Att. Mt. M-2 (1 slt) Smolt (2-3 slt) % of Relese 100 80 60 40 20 0 Residul Prr BY 2012 3-5% 3% Residuls Andromous 95-97% 97% Andromous M-1 (PP) Att. Mt. M-2 (1 slt) Smolt (2-3 slt)
Conclusions We hve demonstrted the efficcy of using physiologicl indices from single time point to forecst steelhed life-history types Residulism estimte ws 3% in BY 2011, ~5% in BY 2012 = out 1,500-2,500 per 50,000 fish (is this low?) Attempted mturtion ppers to e rel phenotype M-2 (.k.. 1 Slts if smolting) ~ 11-12% in oth yers = 5,500 per 50K. Chllenging question do ny of the M-2 s sty in FW (RBT)? Repet in BY 2013 fish
Acknowledgements Louis Hrding (UW), Lindsy Brewer (CTWSR) smpling Prkdle Fish Fcility mngement nd stff Grhm Young (UW) Brry Berejikin, Chris Ttr, Jeff Atkins, Ro Endicott, Skip Tezk (NOAA) - BPA Htchery Reform Project #199305600 Bill Gle, Mtt Cooper, Mtt Hll, Roette Schmit (USFWS)-BPA Htchery Reform Project #199305600 Funding provided y BPA under project # 1988-053-03 dministrted y Richrd Golden.