COUNTRY REPORT ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY BY National Council for Road Safety & University of Moratuwa SRI LANKA
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SRI LANKA Geographical location - Northern latitudes 5 o 55-9 o 50 and Eastern longitudes 79 o 42-81 o 53 Population - 20.01 Millions (2007) Total area - 65,610 sq km (Land 62705 sq km, Inland water 2905 sq km) Maximum length - 432km (North to South) Maximum width - 224 km (East to West) Climate - Average Rainfall 1836 ml. Mean Temperature Low country 27C o Hilly country 22C o Humidity varies from 70 % daytime to 90% at night Topography - Low lands 0-75m above MSL High lands above 70m MSL Highest Altitude 2527 m above MSL
Ethnic Groups Sinhalese - 74% Tamil - 18% Moor - 7% Others - 1% Religion Buddhist - 72% Hindu - 12% Islam - 8% Christianity - 5% Others - 3%
Health Life expectancy - 74 years Infant mortality rate - 12.0 deaths per 1000 live births Education Free education Literacy rate -92,53 % Male 94.5% Female 90.6%
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS 9 PROVINCES COLOMBO (Commercial Capital) 25 DISTRICTS SRI JAYAWARDANAPURA KOTTE (Administrative Capital)
Road Network of Sri Lanka National Roads - 11,902 km Road Development Authority Provincial Roads - 16,532 km Provincial Councils/Road Development Authority Local Roads - 64,652 km Municipal/Urban Councils, and Local Authorities Estate Roads - 24,400km Rail Network of Sri Lanka Length of Railway : 1640 km
Country km per Sq. km Road Density km per 1000 population Nepal 0.13 0.71 Pakistan 0.33 1.73 Bangladesh 0.95 1.01 Butan 0.2 5.71 India 1.01 2.78 Sri Lanka 1.61 5.53 Road Density is 1.61 km/sq.km Which is a very high value.
Responsible Organisations for Road Safety National Council for Road Safety National Transport Commission National Transport Medical Institute Road Development Authority / Locale Authorities Department of Police Dept of Motor Traffic University of Moratuwa
National Council for Road Safety Vision Mission SAFE ROAD FOR ALL TO PROMOTE A SOCIEITY FREE OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
National Council for Road Safety POLICIES Road safety to be given political priority Effective legislation to ensure maximum Road safety standards Strict enforcement of Road safety regulations Promote Road safety strategy for health promotion Motor vehicles to meet with safety standards Promote educational awareness and campaign programme towards Road safety
National Transport Commission The functions of the Commission are to advise the Government on the national policy relating to passenger transport services
National Transport Medical Institute Assist and educate drivers to reduce road traffic accidents due to medical reasons. To advise the Ministry of Transport on medical and health matters pertaining to drivers and prevention of road traffic accident
Vehicle Registration Dept of Motor Traffic Issuing of Driving License Need to pass an examination Need to pass the practical test
Education Level of Drivers
Vehicle Registration Dept of Motor Vehicles 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 New Registrations Total Vehicles 3.4 millions in 2008-2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Vehicle Composition
Vehicle Population (composition)2008 7% Land Vehicles 12% Cars 8% Lorries 12% Motor Tricycles 6% Vans 2% Buses 53% Motor Cycles
Available Accident Data
Reported Accident 1989-2012 70 000 Damage Only 60 000 Non-Grievous Grievous FATAL 50 000 Number of Accidents 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000-1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 YEAR Interim Report Parliament Select, 2008
Reported Accident 70 000 FATAL 60 000 Grievous Non-Grievous Damage Only 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000-1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 YEAR
Reported Accident Vs Insurance Clams 400,000 350,000 300,000 Number of Insurance Claims Reported Accidents 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000-2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Fatalities - Road Users 3 000 2 500 2 000 Drivers Motror-cycle Cyclist Passengers Pedestrian 1 500 1 000 500-1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2010 2011 2012
Casualties - Road Users 30,000 25,000 20,000 Drivers Motror-cycle Cyclist Passengers Pedestrian 15,000 10,000 5,000-1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Vehicles involved in Accidents 2012 12000 10000 8000 Damage Only Non-Grievous Grievous Fatal 6000 4000 2000 0 Private Bus Lorry three wheel Motor Bike Bicycle 2012
Age Distribution of accident Victims 01-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 70 above 1000 900 800 No Accidents 700 600 500 400 300 > 50 years 200 100 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 year
Experience of Drivers Involved in Fatal Road Accidents Kumarage, 2002
Vehicles involved in Accidents (2007) Vehicles Involved in Accidents 2% cycles 4% SLTB 12% cars 11% private bus 22% Motor Cycles 13% lorries 31% light vehicles
Reason For Traffic Accidents Reasons for Accidents Overtaking -19% Other-40% Speeding -14% At Pedestrian Crossing -3% Negligence of Pedestrian -4% At Turning -14% Drunken Driving - 4% Interim Report Parliament Select Committee,2008
Reason for Fatal Accidents Reasons for Fatal Accidents Other-31% Overtaking -22% At Pedestrian Crossing -4% Negligence of Pedestrian -5% Drunken Driving - 5% At Turning -9% Speeding -23% Interim Report Parliament Select Committee,2008
Reason for Accidents in 2010-2012 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Over Taking Speeding At turning Drunken Driving Mechanical faliures Negligence of Pedestrians On Pedestrian Crossing 0 Total Fatal Deaths Total Fatal Deaths Total Fatal Deaths 2010 2012 2011
Use of Road Safety Devices Motor Cycle safety Helmet Usage Safety Belt Use in Vehicles Surveys conducted by University of Moratuwa -2012
Road Percentage Without Helmet Province Class Total Adult Children Southern N 4% 22% 78% Southern P 8% 41% 59% Central N 5% 24% 76% Central P 3% 50% 50% Sabaragamuwa N 2% 64% 36% Sabaragamuwa P 19% 69% 31% North Central N 6% 45% 55% North Central P 31% 85% 15% Western N 4% 32% 68% Western P 4% 50% 50% All 5% 31% 69% National Roads 4% 22% 78% Provincial Roads 8% 50% 50%
Cars/Vas/SUV (% with Seat Belt) Passengers Province Southern Central Sabaragamu wa Western Road Class Drivers All Adult Children N 51.1% 31.9% 40.6% 8.0% P 53.6% 23.7% 25.4% 11.1% N 77.8% 69.2% 73.6% 23.7% P 62.4% 39.6% 41.0% 16.7% N 66.0% 22.0% 21.4% 25.6% P 28.6% 22.7% 27.8% 0.0% N 64.0% 12.9% 12.5% 13.2% P 31.2% 17.0% 18.1% 8.3%
Recommendation of the select Committee of Parliament Drafting a National Policy Established the National Council for road safety under the chairmanship of Prime minister Responsibilities are divided among several ministries, department and Institutions Lack of coordination among these bodies has lead to failure in making timely decisions and precautions Creation of a post of Director of Injury Preventions and Control
Amendment to the Motor Traffic ACT No person under 18 years shall be registered as a owner of a vehicle Certificate of Fitness and Emission certificate should be produced to obtain Revenue Licenses The insurer to whom a claim for insurance is made in connection with an accident shall inform the nearest police station (for statistical records) One half of all fines shall be credited to NCRS Fund and the other half to the consolidated fund
Amendment to the Motor Traffic ACT Driving licenses for light vehicles are issued in two stages (At least 17 years old) After successfully completing written and practical test, Learner s permit issued for two years Regular license is issued after two years of experience Driving licenses for heavy vehicles (At least 20 years old) Need a light vehicle license Learner s permit for heavy vehicle issued for two years Regular license is issued after two years of experience
Amendment to the Motor Traffic ACT Seat belt shall be used by the Driver and the front seat passenger All the moped motor cycles shall be registered and need valid driving license to ride Accident death is redefined as the death of any person who was killed outright or who died within thirty days of a motor accident
Action Plan National council for road safety has had compiled large number of activities under number of different strategies, categorized into four groups as the action plan for road safety. In April 2011, these activities were rearranged under five pillars to be in line with the UN initiative of the Decade of Action for Road Safety.
This revised list was fine tuned after a stakeholder workshop conducted by the National Council for Road Safety in association with the WHO. The amended list of actins was distributed to the participants of the National Road Safety Conference & Launch of Decade Action for Road Safety on 11 th May 2011 as a draft action plan.
Category Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 Pillar 5 Description Build road safety management capacity Influence safety road design and network management Influence vehicle safety design Influence road user behavior Improving Post Crash Care
Pillar 1: Build road safety management capacity The creation of multi-sectoral partnerships and designation of lead agencies with the capacity to develop national road s evidential research to assess countermeasure design and, monitor implementation and effectiveness. Partner Partner Pillar Strategies2 : Influence safety road Major design Activities and network Lead Agency management Agency 1 Agency 2 Using road infrastructure assessment rating and improved design to raise the inherent safety and protec A Conversion of the established 1A1 Establishment of the authority by amendments to the act with national council for road safety to an inclusion of key ministries including health. authority to act as the lead Pillar agency 1A2 Strengthening of the NRSC with the necessary infrastructure, HR with implementation powers Strategies3: Influence vehicle safety Major design Activities Lead Agency and training needs 1A3 Advocating for a separate consultative sub- committee for Road A Improve Safety Aspects of road 2A1 Updating gazette on road signs and speed limit Safety design standards for new roads and incentives 1A4 to Developing accelerate a national the policy uptake & strategy of for new road technologies safety effect improvements to existing roads 2A2 Implementation of gazette on road signs and speed limit Partner Agency 1 Global deployment of improved vehicle safety technologies for both passive and active safety Pillar 4: Influence road user behavior Strategies Major Activities Lead Agency Sustained enforcement 2A3 Incorporate of appropriate road traffic safety laws Standard and for road standards design and rules combined with p specifications available with RDA for ensuring adequate levels of A Improve the standards for registration 3A1 Introduce a new system of inspection of imported vehicles at the safety and to be published RMV prior to registration. 2A4 Training of RDA engineers to conduct safety audit of designs Pillar 5: 3A2Improving Introduce approval Post Strategies for type certification Crash by Care Major DMT. Activities Le regulations that reduce the impact of the key risk factors (speeding, drink driving, no 2A5 Train and guide Local Authorities in traffic management including A Improved system Increase of issuing parking responsiveness 3A3 and maintenance Establish 4A1 a vehicle of to signs. Introduce emergencies testing a well center developed for certification and and improve computerized under DMT. the ability system to of assess health monitoring licenses 2A6 Rumble strips / Center median knowledge to be constructed prior to granting the middle driving of license dual carriageway 3A4 Introduce to mark 4A2standards the A centre mandatory line regulations of probation the road for period and registration main of three of all years to be made roads to Strategies be fenced vehicles. on both sides compulsory. at least near Issuing junctions the permanent and in license Major or Activities extending congested 3A5 commercial Introduction areas of new probation to prevent safety period standards pedestrians should & implementation depend moving the demerit points the driver A Establishment onto the of roads sustainable 4A3 Proving bt i 5A1 dcapabilities High level for a higher advocacy grade to establish a focal unit 2A7 organization Providing leadership a corridor and for financial service lines/cycle lane/pedestrian to be commitment made mandatory implement requirement injury in all projects of construction and 4A4 Avoiding 5A2 delays Separate in issuing financial licenses allocation made to implement centra prevention rehabilitation and management of national policy highways (within the of built strategic up areas plan bothside) 4A5 Driving 5A3 license Create for commercial separate and cadre heavy including vehicles a Director be made for infury pr
Pillar Strategies Number of Activities Safety 6 20 Management Road 7 37 Vehicle 5 21 Road User 11 73 Post Crash Care 6 28 Total 35 179
As these actions/activities have been there for a long period of time some of them were appeared to be outdated and some need amendments to suit present conditions. In addition due to the large number of activities listed and many stakeholders have been identify for a single activity it was decided to update the list of activities and to prepare an updated action plan.
A number of parameters were considered when updating the activities. They are: Lead Agency Partner agency Expected outcome Effectiveness Cost Key performance Indicator(s) Time line
Lead Agency Identify the institution/establishment that should take to primary responsibility of the identified activity. You may use the abbreviation suggested. If the organization is not listed, use the full name Partner agency Expected outcome Effectiveness Cost Key performance Indicator(s) Institution/organization that should work closely with the lead agency to achieve the objective. Use the same abbreviations Indicate what can be expected as the outcome of the proposed activity if fully implemented. Leave blank if you are not sure Effectiveness of the expected outcome towards improving overall road safety, reducing road accidents and injuries. H - Highly Effective, M- Moderately effective, L - Less effective Expected cost/resource requirement to implement the identified activity. H - High cost, M- Moderate cost, L - Low cost How the effectiveness of the activity can be measured or evaluated. This should be an output related parameter. Leave blank if you are not sure Time line Time period required to successfully implement the activity. L-long term, M- Medium term, S - Short term
Pillar 1 1A2/1A4 Activity Strengthening of the NRSC with the necessary infrastructure, Human Resources and training needs to develop national policy & strategy for road safety 1B1/1B2 Specific allocation designated for road safety in National Budget for related agencies 2 MOF MOT M Rank Stakeholder Primary 2nd 3rd Time Frame 1 MOT NCRS S 1C4//1C1/1C Introduction of a centralized Link through networking and the establishment of a central and common accident data base at the National 2/1C5 Road Safety Secretariat and maintain and carry out analysis 3 NCRS Police Insurance M 1D1 Encourage R & D in Road Safety and established and a mechanism for research initiatives through universities and research agencies on competitive funding basis. 4 NCRS University M 1A1 Establishment of the authority by amendments to the act with inclusion of key ministries including health. 5 MOT NCRS MOH M 1A3 Advocating for a separate consultative sub-committee for Road Safety at national level and road safety councils at provincial level Provincial 6 NCRS MOLG councils S 1E1/1E2 Provide specialized short-term training to Police Officers and officers of other stakeholder organizations who are engaged in road Safety Management 7 NCRS Police S 1F1 Monitor the action plan performance on a yearly basis 8 NCRS L Pillar 2 Activity Rank Stakeholder Primary 2nd 3rd Time Frame 2B2/2A2/2B3 2A3/2B1 Train road engineers to conduct safety audits and conduct saftry audits & black spot identification on regular basis in each District/Division and rectification of identified black spots along with the views & comments from relevant road agencies, police department, schools, communities, NGOs etc Incorporate appropriate safety standard for road design specifications including signs and markings available with RDA and other road agencies for ensuring adequate levels of safety and to be published 1 RDA S 2 RDA MOLG M 2A5 2B4 2G2 2A7 Train and guide Local Authorities in traffic management including parking and maintenance of signs and road markings. To effect improvements to the 200 kms of A1, A2, A3 and A4 roads within the Western Province, where identified to be host to over 25% of fatal accidents occur Ensuring safe journeys for school children by providing reliable and safe public transportation with good vehicles being added to fleet and provision of proper parking for school vans Improve facilities for pedestrians and bicycles in sensitive areas such as school, playgorund & hospital zones and commercial areas and main intersectionsshould be fenced to segregate pedestrian and motorists 3 NCRS MOLG M 4 RDA CMC Police M 5 MOE Police MOT S 6 RDA Police L 2E1 Rail Gates to be constructed for all high risk crossings 7 MOT M 2A8 Providing a corridor for service lines/cycle lane/pedestrian to be made mandatory requirement in all projects of construction and rehabilitation of national highways (within the built up areas both side) 8 RDA L
Pillar 3 Activity 3C3 Encourage bicycles to use accessories necessary for road safety such as reflectors, lights 3A3 Strengthn DMT for inspecting, supervising and control of approved garage issue fitness certificates 3B9/3B5 Awarness programmes for drivers to ensure that all necessary components such as brakes, external lights and signals both in the front and rear are functional vehicle maintenance and road rules 3C4 Select areas for Three wheel parks to be located in appropriate area / junctions 3E2 Unlawful modifications to vehicles should not be permitted and this should include restrictions on accessories harmful to road safety an the environment 3A5 Continuously monitor and Introduce new safety standards & implement them 3B6/3B2 Strengthen the island wide roadside inspection program.
Recent Developments Introduce GPS technology to report accidents Establish Provincial safety Council Conduct Series of training programmes to stakeholders Bicycle Sticker programme
Launching of Bicycle Safety Programme
Thank You for Listening