Hackney Key Facts Produced by the Research & Statistics Team Issue 1 - November 2004 POPULATION Hackney s estimated resident population in 2003 was 208,365. 102,367 were males (49.1%) and 105,998 were females (50.9%). The population showed a drop of 524 residents from the previous year. In 2002 the resident population was 208,889, with 102,304 males (49%) and 106,585 females (51%). (Source: Mid-Year Estimates, ONS Population Estimates Unit) The estimated resident population figures for 2002 and 2003 show that the gap between the numbers of males and females is slowly closing. In Census 2001 the borough s female population was 52% and the male population 48%. Hackney had the second highest numbers of 0-4 year olds in Greater London (8.3%), with Newham (8.5%) being the largest in this age range. Those aged between 30 and 44 years of age represented the largest population group in Hackney and comprised 27.5% of the borough s total population. (Source: Census 2001) The mean age of Hackney s residents is 32, compared to 38 for England and Wales. The large size of this age group is consistent with trends for London and the UK. (Source: Census 2001) Between the Censuses in 1991 and 2001, the population of Hackney increased by 11.9% from 181,248 in 91 to 202,824 ten years later. Hackney Population Growth: 1991-2003 (Mid-Year Estimates) Source: Mid-Year Estimates - ONS Population Estimates Unit
Under 5 s (Census 2001) At the 1991 Census the number of under 5 s in Hackney was 15,256 which accounted for 8.4% of the total population. Although the number of under 5 s had increased at the next Census in 2001 (16,752) the percentage of the population that this age group represented had remained consistent (8.3%). Aged 65 or Over (Census 2001) The number of residents who were aged 65 or over at the 1991 Census was 21,986, making up 12.1% of the borough s population. At Census 2001 this figure had shown a noticeable decline, with 18,932 Hackney residents aged 65 or over (9.3% of the total population).
PEOPLE Marital Status Even though 76% of Hackney s population are aged 16 or over, 41% of these people are single and have never been married. 12.3% of Hackney s adult population live in cohabiting couple households. (Source: Census 2001) Qualifications There were 18,596 full-time students in Hackney in 2001, which accounted for 12.6% of the working aged population. The number of economically active full-time students (those working to support themselves during their studies) was 5,148. This was the 6th highest figure of the 33 Greater London boroughs and the 39th largest out of 376 local authorities in the whole of England and Wales. 32.9% of Hackney s working aged population stated that they had a higher level qualification (first degree, higher degree, NVQ levels 4 and 5, HND, HNC and certain professional qualifications). This is significantly higher than the England and Wales average of 19.8%. (Source: Census 2001) Health and the Provision of Unpaid Care 68.4% of Hackney residents stated on the Census form that they were generally in good health, which is close to the UK average (68.6%) but lower than the figure for London (70.7%). Hackney is one of 5 London boroughs which has a proportion of more than 15% of working aged people who have a limiting long-term illness. The borough s figure (15.96%) makes it the 2nd highest of all the London boroughs, with only Barking and Dagenham having a higher figure (15.97%). 7% of Hackney's working age population (10,340 people) are permanently sick or disabled. This is the highest amount in Greater London and the borough is ranked 70th amongst local authorities in England and Wales. The provision of unpaid care by residents was measured for the first time at Census level in 2001. 62.1% of all unpaid carers (4.7% of the borough's total population) provided care for up to 19 hours per week. 7.6% of Hackney residents are unpaid carers. Hackney has the 3rd highest proportion of unpaid carers who provide 50 or more hours of unpaid care per week (23%) within Inner London. The neighbouring borough of Tower Hamlets has the highest proportion at 27.8%. (Source: Census 2001) Transport 37% of Hackney households own or have access to one car or van, compared to the London average (43%) and the figure for England and Wales (43.8%). 56% of Hackney households do not have a car; much higher than the London (37%) and England and Wales (27%) averages. 50.7% of Hackney residents used public transport to travel to work, putting the borough in the top ten local authorities in England and Wales for this mode of travel. 21.7% travelled to work by car; much lower than in London (36%) and England and Wales (61.5%). (Source: Census 2001)
ETHNICITY Hackney's largest ethnic minority groups are Other Whites (12.3%), Black Africans (12%) and Black Caribbean's (10.3%). The Black African group indicates the largest increase from the Census in 1991: this group's size almost doubled between 1991 and 2001 (going up from 12,204 to 24,290). The size of the Black Caribbean community has remained relatively consistent between the last two Censuses: in 1991 this group made up 11.3% of the borough s population, and in 2001 it was 10.3%. Despite a small fall in the percentage figures the actual numbers of Black Caribbeans increased slightly from 20,396 in 1991 to 20,876 in 2001. The numbers in the White community have changed very little over 10 years (120,484 in 1991 and 120,468 in 2001) though this group now makes up a smaller proportion of Hackney s total population (they accounted for 66.5% of the population in 1991 but this had decreased to 59.4% in 2001). 44.1% of all people in Hackney are White British. Hackney was one of 8 Greater London boroughs reflecting 'Other White' populations of more than 12%, with Kensington and Chelsea (25.3%), Westminster (21.1%) and Haringey (16.1%) having the highest percentages for this ethnic group. Hackney's non-white ethnic groups make up 40.6% of its total population. This ranks the borough 6th within London behind Newham (60.6%), Brent (54.7%), Tower Hamlets (48.6%), Ealing (41.3%) and Harrow (41.2%). (Source: 1991 and 2001 Censuses) Comparison between 1991 and 2001 Censuses for Corresponding Ethnicity Categories* Source: 1991 and 2001 Censuses 1111 * Note: Census 2001 saw the previously singular 'White' ethnicity category broken down into 'British', 'Irish' and 'Other' - people were also given the chance to classify themselves as being of a 'Mixed' ethnicity.
Black African Community (Census 2001) + The largest concentrations of Black African residents are around Woodberry Down Estate, Stamford Hill Estate, the area around Hackney Downs, the Clapton Park area, South Hackney, and around Haggerston and Hoxton. Black Caribbean Community (Census 2001) + The Black Caribbean community are mostly concentrated around Upper Clapton, the Clapton Park area and the areas around Navarino Road and Hackney Downs.
RELIGION Religion was recorded for the first time at Census 2001. Hackney's largest religious groups were recorded as Christians (46.6%), Muslim (13.8%) and the Jewish (5.3%). The 'Religion' question on the Census form was voluntary, and the 5.3% figure for the Jewish community is certainly an undercount, with the charedi (or ultra orthodox Jewish) community alone representing between 8 and 10% of the borough's total population (souce: 'Torah, worship and acts of loving kindness' Christine Holman and Naomi Holman, De Montfort University, November 2002). 19% of Hackney's population stated that they did not have a religion and 12% did not state their religion at all. It should be noted that some ethnic and religious groups are reluctant to specify their religious and ethnic groups based on various ethical, moral and safety grounds. 58% of people in London gave their religion as Christian, 8% as Muslims and 4% as Hindu. In England and Wales, 72% of respondents said that they were Christian, while 14.8% said they did not have a religion. The Religion question on the Census form was voluntary and 7.7% of people chose not to respond to it. (Source: Census 2001) Religion (Census 2001)* * Note: Figures have been rounded up and exclude those who did not state their religion; the Jewish figure has been revised because of undercounting
Jewish Community (Census 2001) Jewish people have been in Hackney since the 1680 s and a large orthodox community has built up around Stamford Hill in the north of the borough (as can be clearly seen on the map). This area is home to the biggest Jewish community in Europe and the third largest in the world after Israel and New York. Muslim Community (Census 2001) Muslims are the second largest religious group in Hackney; 27,908 residents stated their religion as Muslim at Census 2001. The map shows a wide-spread distribution of Muslim residents, with concentrations around Woodberry Down, Upper Clapton, Hackney Downs, Clapton Park, South Hackney, Haggerston and Hoxton.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Main Employers The 5 main employers in the borough are Hackney Council, The Learning Trust, The Primary Care Trust, Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust and Network Rail. Unemployment In September 2004, there were 7,691 people claiming Jobseekers Allowance or National Insurance Credits, which amounts to 5.5% of the working age population. This figure has reduced by 421 people since March 2004, when 8,112 people were registered claimants. This is consistent with the decline in unemployment over the past six months in London. Claimant Unemployment in Hackney and London (2000-2004) Source: National Statistics, from the Nomis website at www.nomis.co.uk 1111 Claimant Count records the number of people claiming Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) and National Insurance Credits at JobCentre Plus local offices as a percentage of the resident working age population. Industrial Structure The industrial structure of Hackney is broadly similar to that of the wider London economy. The two most significant differences are that Hackney has a higher level of manufacturing activity (11% compared to 6% across London) and a slightly lower level of real estate, renting and business activity (38% compared to 40%). The recent changes in the Hackney economy reflect that it is moving more in-line with the London economy. This is consistent with the literature and evidence to support the argument that London is moving away from a traditional manufacturing economy towards one dominated by services. In Hackney, this is being driven by pressure on traditional employment land (normally for housing) and the expansion of the service sector in the South Shoreditch area bordering on the City.
Industrial Structure: Breakdown of VAT Registered Business Stock in Hackney (2002) Education; Health (1%) Public Administration; Other (16%) Manufacturing (11%) Construction (3%) Wholesale and Retail (21%) Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities (38%) Finance (1%) Hotels and Restaurants (6%) Transport and Communications (3%) Source: Nomis website at www.nomis.co.uk Average House Prices - September 2004 In September 2004, Hackney s average house price was 207,700, well below the London average ( 271,800) but considerably higher than the UK figure of 160,000. Hackney s average house price has increased 6.7% on the same period in 2003. During this time the London average increased by 12%, mainly due to increases of over 40,000 in the boroughs of Ealing, Islington, Southwark, Westminster, and Kensington & Chelsea. Source: Hometrack, London House Prices Survey
HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLDS In 2001 Hackney had 86,042 households, an increase of 10,411 since 1991. One third of all households (32.9%) were owner-occupied, which is the third lowest rate in England and Wales. The comparable rate for Hackney in 1991 was 26.9%. Nearly a third of households (30.7%) were rented from the Council in 2001. This compares to 47.9% in 1991. One fifth of households (20.1%) were rented from a Housing Association or a Registered Social Landlord. This is the highest proportion amongst all London boroughs, and is up from 11.3% of all households in 1991. At Census 2001, in total, 43,669 households in Hackney were rented from the Council or a Registered Social Landlord / Housing Association. This puts the level of social housing in the borough at 50.8%, markedly higher than the average figures for London (26.2%) and England and Wales (19.2%). The average household size in Hackney is 2.34 people per household, which is close to the national average of 2.36. However, the borough has the sixth highest level of overcrowding in England and Wales (behind 5 other London boroughs: City of London, Camden, Westminster, Kensington & Chelsea and Tower Hamlets). (Source: 1991 and 2001 Censuses) Tenure* of Households in Hackney, 1981 to 2001 Source: 1981, 1991 and 2001 Censuses 1111 * Note: Owner-Occupied category includes shared ownership
CRIME All Crime: Between April 2003 and March 2004 there were 39,035 notifiable offences of crime in Hackney. This figure showed a slight drop of 1% on the figure for the previous year, 39,267. The figures also fell in four of the five neighbouring boroughs (Haringey, Islington, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest); only Islington saw an increase with an 11% rise. Street Crime: The figure for Hackney in 2003/04 showed an 8% increase on the previous year. Of the adjacent boroughs, Newham was the only other to show an increase in this type of crime (2%). Residential Burglary: In 2003/04, Hackney had an 11% decrease in this type of crime, exceeding the figures for two of the neighbouring boroughs (Haringey had a decrease of 3% and Newham an increase of 1%). The Hackney figure also bettered the average for London as a whole, which showed a fall of 6%. Violence: This has risen in Hackney by 5% in 2003/04. There was also a 4% increase across the whole of London. However, the Home Office s British Crime Survey 2003/04 points out that the counting rules for violent offences have changed and that this may account for the apparent increases in the violent crime figures. Theft of a Motor Vehicle: This has fallen by 2% in Hackney in 2003/04. There has also been a fall of 5% across Greater London and in all of Hackney s adjacent boroughs (Newham faring particularly well with a decrease of 24%). Theft from a Motor Vehicle: This type of crime has also fallen in Hackney (by 7%), reflecting a decrease across Greater London and in four of the five neighbouring boroughs (only Islington showed an increase, of 11%). (Source: Metropolitan Police - Borough Information Unit) All Notifiable Offences of Crime: April 2003 to March 2004
DEPRIVATION In 2000, Hackney's average ward ranks made it the second most deprived local authority in England. All of Hackney s 23 old wards were in the most deprived 10% nationally and 7 of those wards were in the most deprived 3%. (Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation 2000) The latest study, the Indices of Deprivation 2004, is based on newly created small areas called Super Output Areas (SOA s). The previous studies, in 1998 and 2000, were both based on wards. The advantages of using SOA s is that they are consistent in population size (unlike wards) and therefore easier to compare; their smaller physical sizes also allow for a more detailed knowledge of deprived areas. The results in 2004 were obtained by measuring 7 indicators: Income; Employment; Health Deprivation & Disability; Education Skills & Training; Barriers to Housing & Services; Crime & Disorder; and the Living Environment. In 2004, Hackney's average area ranks (based on SOA s) make it the most deprived local authority in England; ahead of Tower Hamlets (2nd), Manchester (3rd), Islington (4th) and Liverpool (5th). 89% of Hackney's areas - the highest proportion out of all 354 local authority areas in England - are in the top 20% most deprived SOA s; One area in Chatham ward (covering the Wyke Estate, Marian Court and Bridge House) is in the top 2% most deprived in England. The least deprived area in Hackney (but still in the top 40% most deprived SOA s in England) is located in De Beauvoir ward (around Ardleigh Road); Three areas in Hackney are among the top 3% most deprived areas in England: an area in Chatham ward (covering Wyke Estate), one area in Hoxton (covering St John's Estate) and one area in Brownswood ward (covering a part of the Woodberry Down Estate). The majority of London's deprived SOA s (462), which are in the top 10% most deprived in England, are concentrated in Tower Hamlets (16%), Hackney (14%), Haringey, Islington and Newham (9% each). (Source: Indices of Deprivation 2004) Indices of Deprivation 2004
GENERAL INFORMATION Size and Location The London Borough of Hackney has an area of 1,898 hectares (18.98 square kilometres), making it one of the smallest London boroughs; only Hammersmith & Fulham, Islington, Kensington & Chelsea, and the City of London are smaller. Hackney is one of 14 Inner London boroughs and is located in the north-east of the city. The southern tip of Hackney is just under a mile north of the River Thames. Hackney is one of 33 boroughs in London and it s direct neighbours are City of London, Islington, Haringey, Waltham Forest, Newham and Tower Hamlets. The Boroughs of Greater London Wards Hackney s ward boundaries were redrawn in 2002: Hackney now has 19 wards (prior to 2002 there had been 23). The largest of the new wards are Kings Park (181.3 hectares), Wick (162.2 hectares), Haggerston (123.9 hectares) and Lordship (118.5 hectares). The smallest are Cazenove (68 hectares), Clissold (69.9 hectares), Stoke Newington Central (70.9 hectares) and Hackney Central (77.9 hectares). In terms of population, Hackney s largest wards are Victoria (12,066 residents), New River (11,504), Brownswood (11,331) and Lordship (11,299). The smallest ward populations are Leabridge (9,857), De Beauvoir (9,928), Stoke Newington Central (10,133) and Queensbridge (10,179). (Source: Ordnance Survey mapping and Census 2001)
Hackney s Wards Neighbourhoods Hackney s 19 wards also combine to make up the borough s 4 corporate neighbourhoods. NORTH EAST NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMITTEE comprises New River, Springfield, Cazenove, Hackney Downs and Leabridge Wards. STOKE NEWINGTON FORUM comprises Brownswood, Lordship, Clissold, Stoke Newington Central and Dalston Wards. HOMERTON FORUM comprises Hackney Central, Chatham, King's Park, Wick and Victoria Wards. SHOREDITCH NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMITTEE comprises De Beauvoir, Queensbridge, Hoxton and Haggerston Wards. Hackney s Neighbourhoods STOKE NEWINGTON FORUM NORTH EAST NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMITTEE HOMERTON FORUM SHOREDITCH NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMITTEE
History The name Hackney is probably derived from Hacas ey, a raised place in a marsh, which is likely to have been in the vicinity of the River Lea. Until the reorganisation of Local Government in 1965, Hackney was divided into three separate metropolitan boroughs: Shoreditch, Stoke Newington and Hackney. These areas had long histories - Hackney was first recorded in 1198AD, Shoreditch in 1148, and Stoke Newington in 1274. Stoke Newington was first recorded as Neutone in 1086; the 1274 date is the first recorded use of the prefix Stoke. Like most areas, Hackney initially had a strong farming community. In the 18th Century the area was mostly pastures, with some market gardening as well. The three metropolitan boroughs were originally separate parishes, each one being centred around a parish church: Saint Leonard's in Shoreditch, Old Saint Mary's in Stoke Newington and Saint Augustine's in central Hackney. Shoreditch was once famous for it s theatres: the Theatre (built in 1576) and the Curtain (1578) were both located there. The Theatre staged the first performances of some of Shakespeare s plays, including Romeo and Juliet. Saint Leonard s (or Shoreditch Church) was the actors church; those buried there include Richard Burbage, a contemporary of Shakespeare. The church is also referred to in the nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons ( When I am rich, says the bells of Shoreditch. ) The development of Hackney was heavily influenced by the overall growth of London. The introduction of trams in 1871 assisted this development. The villas and terraces which were built in Victorian times are still a major feature of modern day Hackney. Hackney has a long history of attracting innovative industries: Lewis Berger moved his paint factory to Homerton in 1780. Xylonite, an early plastic, was invented in Hackney, and the firm that claimed to have coined the phrase petrol (Carless, Capel and Leonard) were based at Hackney Wick. The famous Lesney's factory, which produced the hugely popular range of 'Matchbox' toys - miniature cars, trucks and construction vehicles - was also located in Hackney Wick. By the 1930 s much of the housing of industrial workers was recognised as unsatisfactory and a programme of slum clearance was implemented by the London County Council, Shoreditch and Hackney Metropolitan Boroughs. A number of projects to re-house people in better conditions were put into practice, leading to the creation of improved amenities for local people. Industry began relocating from Hackney and Shoreditch from directly after the Second Wold War. When the wholesale restructuring of the London economy occurred in the 1970s and 1980s it wiped out most of the remaining larger firms. Lesney's, for example, closed in 1982. Much of what was left were the low intensity enterprises at the bottom end of the market: car breakers, scrap dealers and cheap warehousing. But this is now beginning to change with new growth industries starting up, attracted by the position the borough occupies between Stratford, Canary Wharf and the thriving financial hub of London, the City. The Census figures used in this document are Crown copyright material and are reproduced under Class Licence Number C02W0001161 with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty s Stationery Office (2004) All maps are reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty s Stationery Office. Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. London Borough of Hackney - LA08638X (2004) n Produced by the Research & Statistics Team Room 42, Hackney Town Hall, Mare Street, London, E8 1EA Tel: 020 8356 2227 Email: tom.duane@hackney.gov.uk www.hackney.gov.uk/index/hackney/gis/gisfactsandfigures