PROGRAMMES IN A BOX w/c 12/0 /01/2009: /2009: EMERGENCY AID (2( OF 3) Time Activity Notes Who 5 Welcome & Opening Ceremony Start the evening and explain to them what they will be doing that evening. 10 Game: Balloon Burst - A chair is placed at each end of the room - Split the section into two teams (or patrols) - Each team sits on opposite sides of the room, and the players in each team are numbered off - In the middle of the room 5 bean bags (or similar soft thin objects) are placed on the ground - The objective is for a player to get 3 bean bags onto their chair - An adult calls out number to select which players take part in each round - A player can only carry one bean bag at a time - Bean bags may not be thrown (they must be placed on the chair) - Players are allowed to "steal" a bean bag from the opponent's chair - The first player to have 3 bean bags on their chair, and to be sitting on the chair, wins a point for their team 15 Patrol Activity: How to safeguard against the effects of heat. Know how to recognise and treat heat exhaustion - Using the attached session notes, explain to Scouts what they should do if they find a casualty who is suffering the effects of heat and/or sunburn etc 15 Patrol Activity: Safeguard against the effects of cold. Know How to recognise and treat hypothermia. - Using the attached session notes, explain to Scouts what they should do if they find a casualty who is suffering the effects of cold and/or hypothermia 15 Patrol Activity: Recognise the symptoms of shock and how to treat a casualty - Using the attached session notes, explain to Scouts what they should do if they find a casualty who is suffering the from shock 15 Patrol Activity: Know how to deal with choking - Using the attached session notes, explain to Scouts what they should do if they find a casualty who is choking 10 Game: Timebomb - Mark out the playing area, particularly if playing outdoors. - A Leader throws the timebomb (eg a ball or beanbag) to one of the players, and starts the countdown from 10. - The player with the timebomb touches it against another player, who then has to take the timebomb and try to touch a third player with it, and so on. - Touching the player who gave you the timebomb is not allowed until there are only two players left. - The timebomb cannot be thrown; if it is, it goes off immediately, and the player who threw it is out. - If a player is touched by or touches the timebomb, they must take it immediately, and it must be given to them immediately. Equipment: Bean bags (or woggles etc), 2 chairs at each end of the room, 5 bean bags in centre of the room Equipment: Water, Sheets, Sponge or towel Resources: Session Notes, True or False, Correct Order Equipment: Warm dry clothes Blankets, survival bag or sleeping bag. Insulating material such as bracken, Warm drink Resources: Session Notes, True or False, Correct Order Equipment: Assorted scrap, paper or pens, Blanket or coat Resources: Session Notes, True or False, Correct Order Equipment: xxx Resources: xxx Equipment: Bean bags, Large soft ball
PROGRAMMES IN A BOX - Whoever has the timebomb when it goes off is out (the Leader gets to 0 in the countdown) 5 Closing Ceremony Wrap up the evening, give out any notices for next week etc. Notices: Give out any notices for the coming weeks. SL
Session notes: Know how to safeguard against the effects of heat. Know how to recognize and treat heat exhaustion. Prevention is better than cure so: - Wear sunscreen when in the sun - Do not stay in the sun too long, particular in the middle of the day - Wear a hat and light long sleeved clothing - Sunburn can occur at high altitudes when there is snow on the ground Heat Exhaustion 1. Heat exhaustion is caused by large loss of salt and water through excessive sweating. Heat exhaustion usually develops gradually, and those who are not used to hot and humid condition and those who are already ill are those more likely to be affect by heat exhaustion 2. Symptoms and signs of heat exhaustion include: cramp-like pains and/or a headache, the skin is pale and moist, the pulse is fast and weak and the temperature may be slightly raised, they are indications of heat exhaustion 3. Lie the casualty down in a cool place and raise their legs to improve the blood flow 4. You will need to give the casualty lots of water to replace lost fluids, if you do not have water you can use a non fizzy drink 5. It is very important to call an ambulance Sunburn 1. If someone has been out in the sun for too long without protection they are likely to be suffering from sunburn 2. The symptoms include: red and very hot skin, superficial burns, blistering and possibly heat stroke 3. Remove the casualty from the sun, into the shade, covering them with light clothing or a towel if possible 4. As with other burns you will need to cool the sunburn. Remove any clothing and cool the burnt area by dabbing cold water on with a towel or sponge 5. Give the casualty water to replace any lost fluid 6. If the burn is mild apply after sun or calamine to it 7. If the skin is blistered or the burn covers a large area take the casualty to hospital for further treatment Heatstroke 1. Some of the symptoms of heatstroke include: restlessness, headache, a dizzy feeling, rapid loss of consciousness and a fast strong pulse 2. Get the casualty to a cool place, lie them down and remove outer clothes 3. Cool them with water and a fan. If possible cover the casualty with a wet sheet, or sponge down with cold or tepid water 4. You will need to call an ambulance 5. When the casualty s temperature has fallen to 38 C remove the wet sheet and replace with a dry one 6. Monitor the casualty and record their vital signs until help arrives REF: 14110 The Scout Association 2007
True or false statements for sunburn, heat exhaustion and heatstroke Stand the young people in the middle of the hall Label one end of the hall TRUE and the other FALSE As you read out each of these statements in any order you like the young people have to run to the end of the hall they think it applies to An alternative way to run this is to give young person a piece of red card for the false statements and a piece of green card for the true statements, and as you read out the statements out they raise the card they think it is It is a good activity to run as a refresher after a period of time to see if the young people have remembered the important parts of dealing with sunburn, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke Take time to discuss all the statements, particularly the false ones True Heat exhaustion affects those who are not used to hot and humid conditions The casualty should be laid down in cool place Some of the signs of heat exhaustion include cramp like pains, a headache and pale and moist skin The casualty needs to be cool down The casualty suffering from heat exhaustion will have been sweating a lot Always apply sun screen if going out into the sun False The casualty shouldn t be given anything to drink or eat The symptoms of heat exhaustion will start suddenly A casualty suffering from heat exhaustion and heat stroke won t need to go to hospital after your treatment The casualty needs to be moved around as part of the treatment Unlike normal burns, sunburn doesn t need cooling You shouldn t apply after sun to sunburns REF: 14110b The Scout Association 2007
Arrange into the correct order how to treat sunburn, heat exhaustion and heat stroke Cut out each box and muddle them up. Give them to the young people to rearrange into the correct order Remove the casualty to a cool place Help the casualty to lie down Give the casualty water or other non fizzy drink If sunburnt, cool burn with damp clothes For heat exhaustion cool the casualty with damp clothes and fan them If serious or you are in doubt, call an ambulance REF: 14110a The Scout Association 2007
Session Notes: Know how to safeguard against the effects of cold. Know how to recognize and treat hypothermia The treatment is very similar for a casualty who is indoors or outdoors and suffering from hypothermia Outdoors 1. Hypothermia sets in when the body temperature drops below 35 C (95 C). Some of the causes are wearing incorrect clothes for the conditions or being in cold water for too long. Hypothermia affects elderly people especially because they are less aware of temperature changes and are far less mobile so can sit in colder rooms for long periods of time 2. The many symptoms and signs to look out for are very cold, pale skin, shivering, clumsiness and irritability, irrational behaviour, slurred speech, slow breathing, a weak pulse and lethargy, and loss of consciousness 3. The main aim with hypothermia is to prevent the body temperature dropping further and to warm them and to get medical help 4. If you come across someone displaying the symptoms of hypothermia stop them from doing any more physical activity and to rest them 5. If the casualty is in wet clothes remove them if possible and replace with warm dry clothes and insulate with extra clothing and blankets making sure the head is covered 6. While you are starting warm the casualty, if you can, ask someone to call the emergency services 7. As well as insulating the casualty with clothing and blankets try and shelter them from the weather by wrapping them in a survival bag, sleeping bag or a blanket. You can also try and lie them down on dry insulating material such as dry heather or bracken 8. Another extra way of warming the casualty is to give them a warm drink like milk or cocoa but not alcohol 9. Wait with the casualty until help arrives, making sure that they don t walk around Indoors 1. Hypothermia sets in when the body temperature drops below 35 C (95 C). Some of the causes are wearing incorrect clothes for the conditions or being in cold water for too long. Hypothermia affects elderly people especially because they are less aware of temperature changes and are far less mobile so can sit in colder rooms for long periods of time 2. The many symptoms and signs to look out for are very cold, pale skin, shivering, clumsiness and irritability, irrational behaviour, slurred speech, slow breathing, a weak pulse and lethargy, and loss of consciousness 3. The main aim with hypothermia is to prevent the body temperature dropping further and to warm them and to get medical help 4. If you come across someone displaying the symptoms of hypothermia stop them from doing any more physical activity and to rest them 5. If the casualty is in wet clothes remove them if possible and replace with warm dry clothes and insulate with extra clothing and blankets 6. If the casualty is young and fit, they can be warmed in a bath of about 40 C (104 C) 7. While you are starting warm the casualty, if you can, ask someone to call the emergency services 8. Put the warming casualty into bed and cover well including the head as most heat is lost through the head 9. Another extra way of warming the casualty is to give them a warm drink like milk or cocoa but not alcohol 10. Wait with the casualty until help arrives, making sure that they don t walk around REF: 14109 The Scout Association 2007
True or false statements for hypothermia Stand the young people in the middle of the hall Label one end of the hall TRUE and the other FALSE As you read out each of these statements in any order you like the young people have to run to the end of the hall they think it applies to An alternative way to run this is to give young person a piece of red card for the false statements and a piece of green card for the true statements, and as you read out the statements out they raise the card they think it is It is a good activity to run as a refresher after a period of time to see if the young people have remembered the important parts of dealing with hypothermia Take time to discuss all the statements, particularly the false ones True Hypothermia happens when the body temperature drops too low If the casualty is in wet clothes if possible you should replace them with dry warm clothes If you are indoors and find someone suffering from hypothermia you can try putting the casualty in a warm bath to help warm them up The casualty may become unconscious, when you will need to open the airway and check the breathing Most heat is lost through the head False You shouldn t give the casualty anything to drink Having warmed the casualty up you will not need to anything else Apart from being very cold, there will not be any other signs of hypothermia Walking the casualty around will help them to warm up Only the elderly will suffer from hypothermia REF: 14109a The Scout Association 2007
Arrange into the correct order how to treat hypothermia outside Cut out each box and muddle them up. Give them to the young people to rearrange into the correct order Warm the casualty up Remove any wet clothes and replace with dry and warm clothes Insulate the casualty with extra clothing and blankets Shelter the casualty from the weather Give the casualty a warm drink Get the casualty to hospital REF: 14109b The Scout Association 2007
Session notes: Recognise the symptoms of shock and how to treat a casualty 1. Shock is caused by severe blood loss, fluid loss due to: burns, vomiting or diarrhoea. It means that the circulation of the blood is reduced and vital organs are not getting enough oxygen 2. The symptoms of shock are pale, cold and clammy skin, nausea, rapid and then weak pulse, fast and shallow breathing, restlessness, yawning and signing, thirst and a gradual loss of consciousness. As well as shock the chances are that the casualty will have a major injury that will need treating as well 3. When you come across a casualty suffering from shock you will need to treat any obvious injury, these include bleeding, burns or broken bones 4. Lie the casualty down and raise their legs above their heart if possible and reassure them 5. Keep the casualty warm by covering them with a blanket and call for an ambulance 6. While you are waiting for an ambulance monitor and record the vital signs regularly (see additional information) Monitoring vital signs Monitoring a casualty s vital signs is important, as it will tell you whether the condition is stable, improving or worsening. There are three signs to check and these are level of response, pulse and breathing rate Response a casualty s level of response or consciousness can be measured in four stages: Alert the casualty will respond to you normally and means they are fully conscious, Voice the casualty can respond to your voice and answer simple questions and obey simple commands, Pain the casualty will respond to pain, Unresponsive the casualty will not respond to anything and means they are unconscious and it may be necessary to begin resuscitation. To help you remember these levels think of AVPU Pulse a normal adult s pulse is 60 80 beats per minute and a child it is faster and could be up to 140 beats per minute. When checking the pulse you are checking for rate (number of beats per minute), strength (whether it is strong or weak) and rhythm (is it regular or irregular). Breathing rate the normal rate in adults is 12 16 breaths per minute and 20 30 breathes per minute. You will need to check for rate (number per minute), depth (deep or shallow breaths), quality (easy, difficult or painful breaths) and noise (is the breathing noisy or quiet. When monitoring all the signs, make a note if any change for when emergency help arrives To help young people to remember most of the causes of shock, there is a mnemonic: ABBA D Acute heart attack Bleeding Burns Abdominal emergency Diarrhoea and vomiting REF: 14107 The Scout Association 2007
True or false statements for shock Stand the young people in the middle of the hall Label one end of the hall TRUE and the other FALSE As you read out each of these statements in any order you like the young people have to run to the end of the hall they think it applies to An alternative way to run this is to give young person a piece of red card for the false statements and a piece of green card for the true statements, and as you read out the statements out they raise the card they think it is It is a good activity to run as a refresher after a period of time to see if the young people have remembered the important parts of dealing with choking Take time to discuss all the statements, particularly the false ones True Someone suffering from shock will often have another injury Shock happens when there is not enough oxygen in the blood stream getting the organs You should monitor the casualty s vital signs during treatment You should keep the casualty warm The skin may be pale, clammy and cold False Shock is not dangerous to the casualty The heartbeat will be normal in someone suffering from shock You should sit the casualty upright if they are suffering from shock The casualty can have food and drink You can try and talk the casualty out of shock REF: 14107a The Scout Association 2007
Arrange into the correct order how to treat shock Cut out each box and muddle them up. Give them to the young people to rearrange into the correct order Treat any injuries Help the casualty to lie down Raise the casualty s legs Reassure the casualty Don t give the casualty anything to drink or eat Keep the casualty warm Call for an ambulance Monitor the casualty REF: 14107b The Scout Association 2007
Session Notes: Know how to deal with choking When treating a casualty with choking, the treatment is slightly different for adults and children Adult 1. If an object like a piece of food gets stuck at the back of the throat it can block the windpipe and cause choking. If the blockage isn t moved, the casualty could lose consciousness and possibly stop breathing so providing first aid immediately is important 2. If someone is choking they may well be coughing and may have sudden difficulty in breathing and speaking and point towards their chest or throat 3. If the casualty is coughing, encourage them to keep doing this as it may move the blockage 4. If they stop coughing and the blockage is still there you will need to give five back blows to the casualty. To do this bend the casualty forward and give back blows between the shoulder blades with the flat of the hand. When you have done this check in the casualty s mouth to see if the object has been dislodged, if so remove it from the mouth 5. If giving back blows to the casualty doesn t work you will need to do abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the casualty and make a fist with your hand and place just below the ribs with the thumb against the chest. Hold your fist and pull inwards and upwards five times. Again check to see if the object has been dislodged 6. Repeat the two previous steps if the casualty is still choking, if the casualty is still choking after three cycles of blows and thrusts call an ambulance, continuing the cycle until help arrives Child 1. If an object like a piece of food gets stuck at the back of the throat it can block the windpipe and cause choking. If the blockage isn t moved, the casualty could lose consciousness and possibly stop breathing so providing first aid immediately is important 2. If someone is choking they may well be coughing and may have sudden difficulty in breathing and speaking and point towards their chest or throat 3. If the casualty is coughing, encourage them to keep doing this as it may move the blockage 4. If they stop coughing or weaken and the blockage is still there you will need to give five back blows to the casualty. To do this bend the casualty forward and give back blows between the shoulder blades with the flat of the hand. When you have done this check in the casualty s mouth to see if the object has been dislodged, if so remove it from the mouth 5. If giving back blows to the casualty doesn t work you will need to do chest thrusts. Stand or kneel behind the child and hold a fist against the lower part of the breastplate and press inwards five times, check to see if the object has been dislodged 6. If slapping the casualty on the back and chest thrusts hasn t work you will need to do abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the casualty and make a fist with your hand and place just below the ribs with the thumb against the chest. Hold your fist and pull inwards and upwards five times. Again check to see if the object has been dislodged 7. Repeat the three previous steps if the casualty is still choking, if the casualty is still choking after three cycles of blows and thrusts call an ambulance, continuing the cycle until help arrives REF: 14105 The Scout Association 2007
True or false statements for choking Stand the young people in the middle of the hall Label one end of the hall TRUE and the other FALSE As you read out each of these statements in any order you like the young people have to run to the end of the hall they think it applies to An alternative way to run this is to give young person a piece of red card for the false statements and a piece of green card for the true statements, and as you read out the statements out they raise the card they think it is It is a good activity to run as a refresher after a period of time to see if the young people have remembered the important parts of dealing with choking Take time to discuss all the statements, particularly the false ones True Choking is when something stuck in the throat, blocking windpipe Giving back blows to the casualty between the shoulders should start to help If you haven t managed to clear the blockage you must call an ambulance If the blockage hasn t been removed the casualty will become unconscious To do the back blows the casualty needs to be bending forward False Coughing doesn t help to clear the blockage Apart from coughing, there will be no other signs in someone who is choking Even if the blockage has been removed you will need to call for an ambulance Choking is never fatal Chest thrusts and abdominal thrusts are the same If someone is choking they will be able to tell you about it REF: 14105a The Scout Association 2007
Arrange into the correct order how to treat choking Cut out each box and muddle them up. Give them to the young people to rearrange into the correct order Encourage the casualty to cough Give back blows to the casualty If the object has cleared, remove it from the mouth If the casualty is a child give chest thrusts Prepare for abdominal thrusts, if still choking Give abdominal thrusts Repeat the cycle, if the casualty is still choking If after 3 cycles the casualty is still choking, call an ambulance REF: 14105b The Scout Association 2007