Effective Pedestrian Planning Sam Chow, Director of Transport Consulting 7 May 2013
Outline Introduction effective planning Arup experience Traffic Study for Admiralty interchange Way-finding 3D vital model Station Planning Shanghai Northbund Baiyulan Mall HK Jockey Club Shatin Racecourse Etc. Understanding of behavioural for Chinese cities Lesson learnt and can be adopted to other cities 2
Introduction: Effective Pedestrian Planning Crowd management at transport interchange, stadium, mega event, Achieving adequate level of pedestrian safety yet effective use of space Improve accessibility / barrier free access 3
Arup Experience
Traffic Study for Admiralty Admiralty Traffic Study for Transport Department. Objectives: Resolve traffic congestion Improve pedestrian safety Provide good interchange environment Key facts: cover MTR, Bus, Taxi, GMB, Tram, NFB 9 MTR entrances/exits 177 franchised bus routes Underground and footbridge system Tourist and school activity 5
Traffic Study for Admiralty Admiralty Traffic Study is first of its kind using integrated pedestrian and vehicular simulation. Key findings: Boarding / Alighting time How many pedestrian would wait at cautionary crossing Tourist dwell time + newspaper distributors 6
Traffic Study for Admiralty HK Commuter Walk Profile Average Speed of 1.32 m/s Pedestrians with reduced mobility Limited gradient / Steps free Wheelchair size City Hall Car Park Citic Tower Pacific Place Podium Level Ground Level FIFO queuing First-in First-out Model Calibration e.g. Escalators Validation Pedestrian flows Pedestrian journey time 7
Traffic Study for Admiralty Queensway Plaza Ground Floor Level MTR Passengers Bus Passengers Newspaper Agents High volume of pedestrian traffic blocking key access and corridor Pedestrians queue at the up escalator to Queensway Plaza Multiply activities Mismatch of movements between MTR station and escalator to Queensway Plaza 8
Traffic Study for Admiralty Queensway Plaza Ground Floor Level MTR Passengers Bus Passengers Newspaper Agents Swapping escalator direction Re-align movements between MTR station and escalator to Queensway Plaza Reduced pedestrian conflict, improved Level of Service and pedestrian circulation by re-arranging the pairs of escalators between Queensway Plaza and MTR Exit C1. 9
Traffic Study for Admiralty Improved accessibility for mobility impaired Provide direct access for pedestrian Improve passenger safety with adequate queuing facilities 10
Way-finding 3D Vital Model Key facts: Admiralty station is the busiest station in MTR 2 new extension lines will be added to the Admiralty Station by 2020 700 new signs will be added Goal: provide a good way-finding system to the passengers 11
Way-finding 3D Vital Model Conduct a usability test to verify the signage design by MTR (Expert Test and User Test) User Trace Diagram (Speed) Conduct many trials Trail the signage system prior to construction Establish greater understanding of the environment Revised signage system can be tested User Trace Diagram 12
Station Planning in East Asia Region Path analysis Pedestrian flow analysis (at key corridors, escalator, stairways, etc.) Queuing and Level of Service 3D illustration 13
Shanghai North Bund Baiyulan Mall Retail modelling key objectives: Improve customer safety with sufficient shopping corridors Increase footfall by re-arranging escalators between floors 14
HK Jockey Club Shatin Racecourse Capacity Assessment - Identify extent of area and accessible sections to be assessed Racecourses design constraints Existing crowd management and facilities plan Horse-racing crowds comprise complex movements during an event. The key routes will need to be identified within the site as well as the profile of movements Differences in the typical crowd dynamic (behaviour) between Happy Valley and Sha Tin 15
Understanding of behavioural for Chinese cities
Comparison of Behaviour in Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai Undertaken pedestrian surveys at Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai: Walk Profile Pedestrian Behaviour Busy Corridor Escalator 17
Comparison of Behaviour in Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai Factors affecting bypass behaviour: Length of escalator Number of escalators Location factor - distance from escalator to station/shopping mall Escalator incline or decline (steepness) Crowdedness Summary Apply relevant walk profile should be carefully Working day peak vs. Weekend shopping Station corridor vs. shopping mall Pedestrian Behaviour Types of pedestrian (work, tourist, etc) Along different element (corridor, escalator and staircase, etc) 18
Lesson learnt and can be adopted to other cities
Experience learnt and can be adopted to other cities Recommendation: On-site observation and understand of behaviour are key! Simple arrangement can resolve severe issue. Pedestrian movement is dynamic, video survey often helps! Adequate use of behaviour parameters can largely improve the robustness. Way forward: Enrich pedestrian database for other major cities within East Asia Region Consideration of different pedestrian types (i.e., worker / tourist / school trips) Improve functionality of tools, such as Introducing walking along escalators; and Choice of escalator or staircases. 20
Thank You Q&A