CoachNet WP2 Research and Mapping. J North Senior Research Fellow Leeds Metropolitan University

CoachNet WP2 Research and Mapping J North Senior Research Fellow Leeds Metropolitan University

Thanks CoachNet group Frédéric Sadys Henk-Jan Geelen Jan Minkhorst Juan Mª Gavaldá Ladislav Petrovic Lutz Nordmann Miguel Crespo Pekka Potinkara Piotr Marek

Aims To provide information on the institutional representation of coaches ( the voice of the coach ) across European member states To provide information on other forms of institution-coach interactions across European member states

Stakeholders Government/government ministries Government departments Other state organisations e.g. National Olympic Committees Quasi/non-state national sporting lead organisations e.g. in the Netherlands NOC-NSF Quasi/non-state national coaching lead organisations e.g. in Germany Trainerakadmie National coaching associations or unions (multi-sport) National coaching associations or unions (single-sport)

Stakeholders Government/government ministries Government departments Other state organisations e.g. National Olympic Committees You will note. Quasi/non-state national sporting lead organisations e.g. in the Netherlands no NOC-NSF sports federations no higher education Quasi/non-state national coaching lead organisations e.g. in Germany Trainerakadmie.we will come on to these. National coaching associations or unions (multi-sport) National coaching associations or unions (single-sport)

Countries Member States Other States Austria Latvia Albania Ukraine Belgium Lithuania Belarus Bulgaria Luxemburg Bosnia & H Cyprus Malta Croatia Czech Republic Netherlands Iceland Denmark Poland Liechtenstein Estonia Portugal Macedonia Finland Romania Moldova France Slovakia Montenegro Germany Slovenia Norway Greece Spain Russia Hungary Sweden Serbia Ireland UK Switzerland Italy Turkey

Put simply We were trying to find the voice of the coach and other forms of interactions and service provision/take-up amongst these stakeholders in these countries

Methodology Two main methods Using CoachNet project members to gather the information across Europe using a number of templates Each member had one or more country to identify a contact, to administer the template, to gather the information, and return it to LMU Gaps were followed up by LMU staff LMU undertook web-searches using Google Chrome

Response Member States Other States Austria Latvia Albania Ukraine Belgium Lithuania Belarus Bulgaria Luxemburg Bosnia & H. Cyprus Malta Croatia Czech Republic Netherlands Iceland Denmark Poland Liechtenstein Estonia Portugal Macedonia Finland Romania Moldova France Slovakia Montenegro Germany Slovenia Norway Greece Spain Russia Hungary Sweden Serbia Ireland UK Switzerland Italy Turkey

Response Member States Other States Austria Latvia Albania Ukraine Belgium Lithuania Belarus Bulgaria Luxemburg 7 detailed responses Bosnia & H. Cyprus Malta Croatia Czech Republic Netherlands Iceland Denmark 21 responses Poland (26 include Liechtenstein non-member Estonia Portugal states) Macedonia Finland Romania Moldova France Slovakia Montenegro Germany Slovenia Norway Greece Spain states) Russia Hungary Sweden Serbia Ireland UK Switzerland Italy Turkey 78% response (62% including non-member

Setting the context Spheres of influence From the coach (centre) to government and international agencies (outside)

Setting the context We know there are connections here coach, club and less so with federations and HEIs Almost every country reported these links as important.

Setting the context We know there are connections here coach, club and less so with federation and HEIs Almost every country reported these links as important. We know (strongly suspect) that for most coaches the networks are very local, and based on local interest. We know that governing bodies/federations and HEIs provide coach development, education and qualification opportunities

Setting the context But what about coaches and coaching associations (multi and single sport)?

Setting the context And between coaching associations and other agencies both national and international? But what about coaches and coaching associations (multi and single sport)?

Setting the context What about a national infrastructure to support coaches?

Setting the context What about a national infrastructure to support coaches? And how do they relate to each other, and to the coach?

Findings

Findings: Coaching Associations

Findings: Coaching Associations Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Austria 0 0 None Latvia 0 1 Football Belgium 0 1 Basketball Lithuania 0 1 Basketball Bulgaria 0 1 Tennis Luxemburg 0 1 Football Cyprus 0 3 BB, Football, VB Malta 0 1 Football Czech Republic 0 1 Football Netherlands 1 1 Football Denmark 0 2 BB, Football Poland 0 3 F, Sailing, Skiing Estonia 1 1 Basketball Portugal 1 1 Football Finland 2 0 Romania 0 0 France 0 6 BB, F, HB, T&F Slovakia 0 2 BB, Football Germany 0 4 BB, F, HB, Swim Slovenia 0 3 BB, F, Handball Greece 0 1 Basketball Spain 1 6 BB, F, FS, HB, RH, S Hungary 1 3 BB, F, Swim Sweden 0 1 Football Ireland 0 2 F, Swim UK 1 7 BB, Cric, Cy, F, S, Ten Italy 0 4 BB, F, Swim, VB T&F

Findings: Coaching Associations Non-Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Albania Belarus Bosnia & H. 0 1 Basketball Croatia Iceland Liechtenstein Macedonia Moldova Montenegro 0 1 Snowsport Norway 0 5 F, G, T&F, O, Ski Russia Serbia 1 8 Switzerland 1 0 Turkey BB, F, HB, R, Swim, T&F, VB Ukraine

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Austria 0 0 None Latvia 0 1 Football Belgium 0 1 Basketball Lithuania 0 1 Basketball Bulgaria 0 1 Tennis Luxemburg 0 1 Football Cyprus 0 3 BB, Football, VB Malta 0 1 Football Czech Republic 0 1 Football Netherlands 1 1 Football Denmark 0 2 BB, Football Poland 0 3 F, Sailing, Skiing Estonia 1 1 Basketball Portugal 1 1 Football Finland 2 0 Romania 0 0 France 0 6 BB, F, HB, T&F Slovakia 0 2 BB, Football Germany 0 4 BB, F, HB, Swim Slovenia 0 3 BB, F, Handball Greece 0 1 Basketball Spain 1 6 BB, F, FS, HB, RH, S Hungary 1 3 BB, F, Swim Sweden 0 1 Football Ireland 0 2 F, Swim UK 1 7 BB, Cric, Cy, F, S, Ten Italy 0 4 BB, F, Swim, T&F T&F, VB

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Non-Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Albania Belarus Bosnia & H. 0 1 Basketball Croatia Iceland Liechtenstein Macedonia Moldova Montenegro 0 1 Snowsport Norway 0 5 F, G, T&F, O, Ski Russia Serbia 1 8 Switzerland 1 0 Turkey BB, F, HB, R, Swim, T&F, VB Ukraine

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Estonia Finland Hungary The Netherlands Portugal Serbia Spain Switzerland UK

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS 7 countries out of 21 member states with multi-sport coaching associations (33%) 9 countries out of 26 European states with multi-sport coaching associations (c33%) Across all European nations likely to be about 7 out of 27, and 9 out of 42 (26%/21%) Therefore, across Europe multi-sport coaching associations are a minority/country specific activity.

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Number of multi-sport coaching association members Finland Finland Finland Hungary Portugal Spain FCA SAVAL Total HCA CCP CNED Number of coaching associations in membership Number of coaches in membership (direct) Number of coaches represented - - - 22-3912 785 4697 1600 6000 2500

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Population Population 16+ (75%) Coaches (2%) Coaching Association Membership % Coaching Association Membership Finland 5,262,930 3,947,198 78,944 4,697 6 Hungary 9,958,453 7,468,840 149,377 1,600 1 Portugal 10,781,459 8,086,094 161,722 2,500 2 Spain 47,042,984 35,282,238 705,645 6,000 1

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Within those countries which have multi-sport coaching associations there is a low level of representation of coaches (no more than 5%) Multi-sport coaching association are often providing services for particular communities e.g. professional coaches (SAVAL), high performance coaches Therefore, there are very low levels of representation of the voice of the coach through multi-sport associations in Europe.

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Finland Finland Hungary Portugal Spain Total FCA SAVAL HCA CCP CNED Representing coaches at national policy level X X X X X 5 Coaching systems strategy development X - X X X 4 Support to partners for coaching system X X - X X 4 development frameworks, tools etc. Licencing and registration of coaches - - - - - - Workforce auditing, planning and management - - - - - - Coach bursaries and scholarships X - - - - 1 Coach employment/deployment opportunities - X - - X 2 Coach learning and development - any coach development opportunity that is not coach education or qualifications e.g. observing a more experienced coach, X X - X X 4 mentoring, co-coaching Coach education - formal, often classroom based, education X - X - X 3 Coaching qualifications - X - - - 1 Published coaching resources articles, books, reports, DVDs, on-line materials etc. X X X - X 4 Coaching recognition and rewards X X X - X 4 Other (please specify) X X - - - 2

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Main work areas: Representation Systems and frameworks Coach development and education Learning resources Reward and recognition

Findings: Coaching Associations - MS Operating models: Confederated - Portugal Blended - Finland Membership The Netherlands

Case study: Portugal Coaching Confederation of Portugal The Coaching Confederation of Portugal is the umbrella organization for 22 coaches associations of different sports. No individual coach members. Its role consists in representing and defending the interests of sports coaches among the public and private organizations, both national and international. Promoting and disseminating, coordination and overall participation in the training process of sports. And moreover, participation, assignment and certification of sport coaches and trainers training levels.

Findings: Coaching Associations - SS Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Austria 0 0 None Latvia 0 1 Football Belgium 0 1 Basketball Lithuania 0 1 Basketball Bulgaria 0 1 Tennis Luxemburg 0 1 Football Cyprus 0 3 BB, Football, VB Malta 0 1 Football Czech Republic 0 1 Football Netherlands 1 1 Football Denmark 0 2 BB, Football Poland 0 3 F, Sailing, Skiing Estonia 1 1 Basketball Portugal 1 1 Football Finland 2 0 Romania 0 0 France 0 6 BB, F, HB, T&F Slovakia 0 2 BB, Football Germany 0 4 BB, F, HB, Swim Slovenia 0 3 BB, F, Handball Greece 0 1 Basketball Spain 1 6 BB, F, FS, HB, RH, S Hungary 1 3 BB, F, Swim Sweden 0 1 Football Ireland 0 2 F, Swim UK 1 7 BB, Cric, Cy, F, S, Ten Italy 0 4 BB, F, Swim, T&F T&F, VB

Findings: Coaching Associations - SS Non-Member States Country M S Sports Country M S Sports Albania Belarus Bosnia & H. 0 1 Basketball Croatia Iceland Liechtenstein Macedonia Moldova Montenegro 0 1 Snowsport Norway 0 5 F, G, T&F, O, Ski Russia Serbia 1 8 Switzerland 1 0 Turkey BB, F, HB, R, Swim, T&F, VB Ukraine

Findings: Coaching Associations - SS Most European countries have one or more coaching associations However, no significant single sport coverage beyond a few sports notably basketball, football (professional sports?) Single sport coaching associations are mainly small groups providing services for a small community of coaches resources, workshops, discussion forums etc. No significant links to national agencies.

Findings: Coaching Associations - SS There were also European sport specific coaching associations such as the European Athletic Coach Association and the European Association of Basketball Coaches.

Findings: Coaching Associations

Findings: Coaching Associations International/national links for multi-sport associations (but there are very few) Limited links for single-sport associations to national agencies (mainly tied to governing body/ federation?) Low % of coaches involved with coaches associations mainly specific populations

Findings: Coaching Associations International/national links for multi-sport associations (but there are very few) Very few links for single-sport associations (mainly tied to governing body/ federation?) Low % of coaches involved with coaches associations mainly specific populations Limited representation of the voice of the coach by coaching associations in Europe. Mainly representation/ service provision to small sectional coaching groups

Findings: National Organisations

Findings: National Organisations Member States Country Organisation Purpose Austria BSPA Bundessportakademie - Sports academy Coach education and licence Belgium BLOSO De Vlaamse Trainersschool - Trainer school Coach & workforce education Bulgaria NSA Vassil Levski - Sports academy Coach education & CPD Cyprus None Czech Rep. No information received or found. Denmark DIF Olympic committee and sport confederation Coach education and quals. Estonia Spordikoolituse ja -Teabe Sihtasutus - Sports education and information foundation Coach education (linked to HEIs) Finland NOC Unit of Elite Sport Coach education France CNOSF - Training institute of sport movement Training activities Germany Trainerakdemie Trainer academy Coach education and training Greece None - Coordinated through PE schools and feds. Hungary None - Coordinated through HEIs and feds. Ireland Coaching Ireland Coach frameworks and educ. Italy CONI - La Scuola dello Sport School of sport Coach frameworks and educ.

Findings: National Organisations Member States Country Organisation Purpose Latvia None - Coordinated through HEIs and feds. Lithuania No information received or found. Luxemburg No information received or found. Malta None (difficult to get clear information) Netherlands NOC*NSF Coach education Poland Akademia Trenerska The coaches academy Coach development, education and quals. Portugal Treinadores Coaching confederation of Coach education Portugal Romania CNFPA - National Centre for Coaches Coach education Formation and Perfection Slovakia No information received or found. Slovenia No information received or found. Spain CNED National Council of Sport Coaches Coach education Sweden None - Coordinated through HEIs and feds. UK Sports Coach UK Coach education

Findings: National Organisations Non-Member States Country Organisation Purpose Bosnia & H. Montenegro None Norway NIF Olympic and Confed. of Sports Unit of Elite Sports (also links to HEIs) Coach ed. framework and provision Serbia None (national coaches association and several single sport associations) Switzerland BASPO Coach Training Switzerland Coach education

Findings: National Organisations 16 out 22 member states have a coaching lead (probably 16 out of 27 member states) 18 out of 27 European countries (probably 18 out of 42) The majority of this activity does not appear to involve representing the voice of the coach directly though there will be lobbying on behalf of the coach.

Findings: National Organisations Most activity appears to involve (top down) service provision development opportunities, education, qualifications, learning resources Targeted service provision at particular coaching communities high performance etc.

Findings: National Organisations

Findings: National Organisations Top down service provision.

Some conclusions Low level of representation of the voice of the coach (especially outside specific countries/communities of coaches) Mainly top down service provision from agencies notable coach development and education.

Some questions How much do we really know about... coaches problems coaches networking behaviour coaches as joiners/members and how this varies between country, sport, domain, professional status etc. (I can t think of one study)

Some questions How much do we really know about... the coaching workforce in member and nonmember states the most comprehensive and robust information appears to be in the UK. Future research work need.

Final thoughts There is a significant and growing literature on networking/joining/membership behaviour (and it doesn t look good for older models of membership) This suggests Disillusionment with democratic process Less representation, more service provision From commitment, to commodification, to freemium Prioritisation of information, knowledge exchange, and learning communities.

CoachNet WP2 Research and Mapping J North Senior Research Fellow Leeds Metropolitan University j.north@leedsmet.ac.uk