1 EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL Inland Rivers and Gulf Coast 2013 Section 4
Topics 4.1 Equipment Boats 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment 4.2 Equipment Barges 4.2.1 Barge Sizes, Types, and Uses 4.2.2 Barge Design 4.2.3 Barge Equipment 2 4.3 Equipment Tows 4.3.1 Tow Sizes 4.3.2 Tow Routes 4.3.3 Terminology 4.3.4 Operating Constraints 4.3.5 Barges 4.3.6 Boats 4.4 Personnel 4.4.1 Industry Organization 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements Section 4
4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats 3 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Used to describe a towing vessel that normally pushes barges ahead Come in different sizes and colors All have a bow, stern, port and starboard sides, and some type of propulsion system Towboats 4 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 5 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 6 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Classes 7 River Line Haul River Canal Fleet Day boats Tender boats 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Classes 8 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Normally we state the horsepower, which gives the tow size that can be pushed This vessel: 90 feet long 30 feet wide 2,600 HP Canal and River Towboat 9 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats Long Life 10 117 feet long Built in 1951 2,800 HP 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 11 90 feet long Built in 1976 3,000 HP 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 12 104 feet long Built in 1975 3,000 HP Note: Sometimes length does not mean more horsepower. 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 13 130 feet long Built in 1977 2,800 HP Note: This vessel is 30 feet longer than the previous vessel, but has less horsepower. 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
River Boats 14 Very large towboat Built in 1953 Classified as a River Boat 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Operate in all types of conditions Towboat Operating Conditions Operate 24/7, except in: Fog Traffic Extremely high winds with tow of empty barges 15 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Larger Stay in western rivers This vessel 3 engines 10,500 HP One of largest in river system River Line Towboat 16 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Special Design Towboat 17 138 feet long Built in 1968 3375 HP Note: This vessel has a retractable wheelhouse. 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Wheelhouse Mobility 18 Wheelhouse must go up and down Crew quarters on first deck 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboats 19 85 feet long 39 feet wide 2,150 HP Note: All towboats are designed with pushing knees on bow made to push barges instead of pulling them. 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Shift or Work Boats 20 Small boats designed as work boats only Work with: Fleets Locks Docks Crew does not sleep on board 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Shift or Work Boats 21 Variable sizes Mainly used as shift boats or work boats 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Colors and Stack Decal Logo 22 Colors and stack decal logo like tattoo Both somewhat territorial 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Hulls 23 Out of water different from underneath Somewhat flatbottomed hull 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Hulls 24 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Hulls New Construction 25 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Hull Construction 26 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Towboat Hulls Adding the wheels and rudders to place in water 27 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Rudders 28 Rudders in front (or forward) of the wheel are used for backing. Rudders behind the wheel (or aft) are main rudders for going ahead. 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
Handling Ability Handling ability boils down to size of rudders, wheels, etc., at the stern 29 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
The bigger the boat, the larger the wheels and rudders The rudders behind the wheel are the forward steering Rudders in front of the wheel are used for backing Wheels and Rudders 30 4.1.1 Types and Sizes of Towboats
4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment 31 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Propulsion 32 Some boats have enclosed area around wheel called Kort Nozzles Effective in deep water, but do not work well in shallow water like the ICWW More commonly used on River class vessels 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Machinery is the driving source of the boat Generators provide electricity for the vessel Generators 33 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Engines 34 Engines come from different manufactures such as: John Deere Caterpillar Cummings 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Generator Location Depending on the size of the boat, the generators could be at first deck level, or down in the engine room with the main engines. 35 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Regulatory Inspections Even though today we are classed as uninspected, Regulatory has a long history of inspecting our vessels. 36 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Main Engine Variations Main engines vary from different manufacturers, and different sizes, depending on the vessel. 37 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
New Style Engines Most new style engines have enhanced electronics that assist with maintenance issues. 38 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Engine Gauges Usually there are sets of gauges on the engines, and a specific set of gauges in the wheelhouse, for the pilot to monitor the engines. 39 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
All main engines have some type of reduction gear, or clutch, that rotates the wheel. Reduction Gear 40 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Tool Shop Most engine rooms are equipped with the same tools that are normally used in any other shop. Remember, most towboats are self sustained with personnel living on board. Trained personnel are professional and keep up routine boat and engine maintenance. 41 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Wheelhouse / Pilot House The wheelhouse, or pilot house, is the nucleus of the entire operation. 42 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Wheelhouse / Pilot House Most all vessels carry a minimum of radar, VHF radio, and cell phones for communication. 43 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Galley Living quarters and galleys vary depending on the size of the vessel. Personnel live aboard the boats, cooking and eating all of their meals on board each day. 44 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Lounge The size of the vessel determines the size of the galley, lounge, and other crew quarters. 45 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
Galley Galley design is as variable as the design of kitchens in houses. 46 4.1.2 Main Propulsion Equipment
4.2.1 Barge Sizes, Types, and Usage 47 4.2.1 Barge Sizes, Types, and Usage
Barge Construction Barges are basically built as a big steel box, with walls (called bulkheads) and compartments. 48 4.2.1 Barge Sizes, Types, and Usage
Barge Construction 49 Cargo tank Voids on the side (wing tanks) 4.2.1 Barge Sizes, Types, and Usage
4.2.2 Barge Design 50 4.2.2 Barge Design
Barge Side View 51 Single skin Double skin 4.2.2 Barge Design
Barge Construction Add voids on the bow, which can be a sloped (normally called rake), or just a box shape. 52 4.2.2 Barge Design
Barge Construction 53 4.2.2 Barge Design
Barge Hull Designs 54 4.2.2 Barge Design
Equipment on tank barges varies; however, all barges have a piping system which allows the cargo to be transferred in and out of the cargo tanks. The pipes used to connect and disconnect dock hoses or arms are called headers. Barge Equipment 55 4.2.2 Barge Design
Barge Equipment 56 4.2.2 Barge Design
Loaded Barge Freeboard is only about 12 inches to the first deck on a normal, loaded barge. 57 The wing tanks are closed and dogged tight so water cannot enter. For safety reasons, personnel will not walk down the lower deck while in transit. 4.2.2 Barge Design
4.2.3 Barge Equipment 58 4.2.3 Barge Equipment
Pressure Barges Specially designed barges called pressure barges are used for carrying liquefied gas. 59 Typical outside hull design is the same; however, the tanks are round and long, usually with two separate tanks on each barge. 4.2.3 Barge Equipment
A pressure barge side-by-side with a tank barge. Pressure Barges 60 4.2.3 Barge Equipment
4.3.1 Tow Sizes 61 4.3.1 Tow Sizes
Unit Tows 62 Tows can be 1 barge, or 20 barges Example shown: Approximately 900 feet long by 54 feet wide Length equal to about 3 football fields Cargo Tanks Ullage/Expansion Domes 4.3.1 Tow Sizes
Unit Tows 63 4.3.1 Tow Sizes
4.3.2 Tow Routes 64 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Unit Tows Normal meeting situation in a canal where one tow is overtaking another. 65 The first tow is strung out, and is 54 feet wide. The second tow is doubled up with 35 foot barges side by side, creating a 70 foot wide tow. 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Typical Tow Entering Lock From the wheelhouse, it is about 800 feet to the bow. Normally, personnel placed on each side for safety give directions to the watch officer. There is usually a device called a bumper placed between the barge and the lock wall to absorb the impact if the barge rubs the guide walls. 66 Deckhands 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Barge Placement in Tow Barges are placed together in all different forms and configurations. There may be loads, empties, and/or partial loads in the same tow. 67 The example shown is a tow made up of loads in the center and empties on each side. 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Barge Placement in Tow This is the same tow, looking back from the bow. 68 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Barge Placement in Tow Barges are placed in fleet (basically parking lots for barges) as waiting areas. 69 Tank barges and dry cargo barges are all placed together in the example shown here. 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Barges in a Tow 70 4.3.2 Tow Routes
Barges in a Tow 71 4.3.2 Tow Routes
4.3.3 Terminology 72 4.3.3 Terminology
Face Wires To make up a tow, a boat has to be secured to the barge. This is done by wires, or special ropes that have no stretch, called face wires. These wires keep the boat faced up to the barge. 73 4.3.3 Terminology
Pushing or Tow Knees Located on the bow are the pushing knees (or tow knees) that allow the different heights of barges to rest against the towboat. 74 4.3.3 Terminology
Securing the Tow Lines are used for temporarily securing the tow, then the face wires are put in place and tightened. 75 4.3.3 Terminology
4.3.4 Operating Constraints 76 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
It takes a great deal of skill to maneuver a barge as long as a football field and wider than a house in all types of conditions, current, and weather. Skilled Personnel 77 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
Skill is also needed in the proper placement of wires for securing the barges. Skilled Personnel 78 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
It is critical that all wires are placed correctly. The example shown are the forward and aft (fwd & aft) wires that keep 2 barges secured end-to-end. Wire Placement 79 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
Safety is regarded as the highest priority at all times. Whenever possible, develop safety-based behavior and attitudes such as keeping the crew away from the sides of barges. Barge Safety 80 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
Barge Safety The use of heavy wires and winches can pose risk if not handled properly. 81 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
Canal (ICWW) Tows 82 54 x 600 Tow 70 x 600 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
River Six Pack 83 108 900 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
Correct placement of wires on barges keep them in tow. Correct Wire Placement 84 4.3.4 Operating Constraints
4.3.5 Barges 85 4.3.5 Barges
Barge Cargo All types of materials are carried on barges. 86 4.3.5 Barges
Barge Cargo 87 4.3.5 Barges
Barge Cargo 88 4.3.5 Barges
4.3.6 Boats 89 4.3.6 Boats
Sometimes boats have to operate in close range of each other. Close Operation 90 4.3.6 Boats
Close Operation 91 4.3.6 Boats
Communication and Traffic Communication, traffic, and controlling a tow take skill; however, it is done correctly every day of the week. 92 4.3.6 Boats
The example shown here is a boat with another boat on top, being pushed by a third boat. This is still called towing. Boat Tow 93 4.3.6 Boats
Tow of 15 Barges 94 4.3.6 Boats
Tow of 24 Barges 95 4.3.6 Boats
Tow of 7 Barges (River Tow) The shape of a River Tow depends on where the barges are being dropped along the way. 96 4.3.6 Boats
This is a typical one barge tow in the ICWW. ICWW Towboats 97 4.3.6 Boats
ICCW Towboats ICWW boats work every day of the week, continually moving their cargo. 98 4.3.6 Boats
Specialty Tows 99 4.3.6 Boats
Service Tows Specialized service vessels bring fuel and supplies to tows. 100 4.3.6 Boats
Usually in the offshore or near coastal towing industry, one vessel at a time is pulled instead of pushed until reaching traffic areas and ports, where the towboat will break out and push the barge. Service Tows 101 4.3.6 Boats
Service Tows This slide illustrates a different type of towing operation: assisting tugs. 102 4.3.6 Boats
4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization 103 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Watch Officer The watch officer has a huge responsibility that takes skill to execute safely. This vessel is making a lock; there is little room for error. 104 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Crew Teamwork It all boils down to people working together as a team for this to happen. 105 It takes team effort, communication all of the crew working together. 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Training Training is a constant, ongoing process. 106 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
From the entry-level deckhand placement of wires and rigging Training 107 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Training to how to throw a line 108 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
all skills are learned through training and working together. Training 109 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
It all comes down to the crew working together, performing tasks as a team. Crew Teamwork 110 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Watch System 111 24-hour Watch system (Square Watch) Two shifts Varies on special services Hours may vary with education on CEMS Shift One: 0600 1200 On Duty 1 st Watch or Front Watch Normally the Captain/Master s Watch Shift Two: 1200 1800 On Duty 2 nd Watch or Back Watch Shift One: 1800 2400 On Duty Shift Two: 0001 0600 On Duty 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Crew Variations 112 Captain/Master Pilot Engineer Tankerman/Deckhand Deckhands All vessels All 24-hour vessels Normally larger vessels Normally tankbarges All vessels 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Different Size Vessels/Crew 113 5-7 Person Crew 5-7 Person Crew Built for 6, but could have 4 If used as Day boat, 2 Person Crew 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Two-to-one schedule 28 days on, 14 days off 20 days on, 10 days off 14 days on, 7 days off Crew Shifts 114 240 days per year on, 120 days per year off 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Crew Structure 115 Master/Captain 3 5 years Pilot 1 year Engineer Steersman Tankerman 6 12 months Deckhand Mate 3 4 years Entry-Level Deckhand Trainee 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
Shore-side Structure Varies with Size of Company 116 CEO/Owner could be one and the same. With smaller companies, this person may be the port captain President, VPs, Operations Manger, and other management positions (depending on the size of the company) Port Captain usually responsible for handling issues of several different vessels regarding crew, accidents, and/or causalities, this person has usually been a Master, knows the crews on a personal basis, and understands the capabilities of the crews and vessels Master responsible for crew and vessel 4.4.1 Personnel Industry Organization
4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements 117 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Master License 118 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
License / Certification 119 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Master of Towing Vessel Near Coastal Inland Western rivers License / Certification 120 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
REC Functions Take application of MMC from mariner and provide initial review to send to NMC 121 Give Exams for MMC to mariners Audit USCG Approved Courses 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Towing Vessel License (1) Master of towing vessels (2) Master of towing vessels, limited (3) Mate (pilot) of towing vessels (4) Mate (pilot) of towing vessels, limited (5) Apprentice mate (steersman) (6) Apprentice mate (steersman), limited Assistance Towing (not used for traditional towing of barges etc.) 122 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Oceans Near-coastal Inland Great lakes Towing Vessel License Routes 123 Western rivers (WR) separate from above 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Master of Towing Vessel Minimum 18 Months time on Towing Vessel to qualify for Steersman 12 Months as Steersman to qualify for Pilot 124 18 Months as Pilot to qualify for Master Minimum of time is 48 months; however, it usually takes longer to achieve. 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
8 hours = 1 day 12 hours = 1.5 day Time of service On a two days on and one day off schedule, on a twelve-hour day watch, while on board, you will receive 1.5 days 125 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Other License 126 Other License without Towing Vessel Endorsement that can be valid: Master of steam or Motor Vessel over 200 tons Requires 30 days of observation in Inland Waters Requires 90 days of observation in Western Rivers Completed Towing Officer Assessment Record (TOAR) for each route With the above Towing Vessel Endorsement does not have to be on the MMC 4.4.2 Hiring Processes and Requirements
Coming up next: Operations 127 Section 4