University of Guam Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific GUAM S WATER ISSUES 1
0 WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS + + 400 MILES COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS GUAM FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA YAP STATE CHUUK STATE POHNPEI STATE KOSRAE STATE REPUBLIC OF PALAU 140 150 160
Geologic Map of Guam N W E S 5 0 5 Kilometers (Modified and Simplified from Tracey et. al 1964) Artificial fill Alluviam deposit Beach deposit Merizo Limestone Marianas Limestone Alifan Limestone Janum Formation Barrigada Limestone Bonya Limestone Bolanos Volcanics (incl. Dan Dan Flow) Facpi Volcanics Maemong Limestone Alutom Formation (incl. Mahlac Shale)
WATER RESOURCES REGIONS NORTHERN GUAM LIMESTONE AQUIFER SOUTHERN GUAM VOLCANICS SURFACE WATER
MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALL NAS GAGE 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 RAINFALL IN INCHES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 0
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 GUAM ANNUAL RAIN NOTE: POST-EL NINO YEARS IN RED 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 NOTE: RED INDICATES POST EL NINO YEARS NORMAL
Typhoon Chataan July 4, 2002 TOTAL DAILY RAINFALL 19 INCHES
Winds 150 mph With Gusts 184 TOTAL DAILY RAIN 16 INCH
Critical Issues Groundwater Water Quality Water Distribution System Flooding 1
Groundwater Lens Sustainable Yield Production Saltwater Intrusion 1
Sustainable Yield The rate that water that can be pumped from the lens without: (1) decreasing water quality (2) threatening quantity for future use 1
1998 Aquifer Production and Estimated 1982 Sustainable Yield production map Sustainable Yield 57 mgd 1998 Production 37 mgd (65 % SY) Finegayan 6.4 mgd 6.1 mgd 95% Agafa Gumas 10.1 mgd 1.1 mgd 10 % Andersen 6.2 mgd 0.8 mgd 13 % Yigo-Tumon 19 mgd 16 mgd 84 % Agana 12 mgd 11 mgd 92 % Mangilao 4 mgd 2 mgd 50% 1
GWA Aquifer Production 37.5 37 36.5 36 35.5 MGD 35 34.5 34 33.5 33 32.5 1995 1996 1997 1998 YEAR 1
Saltwater Intrusion in the NGLA 1
production well GWA production well w/ chloride concentration = or > 250 mg/l sub-basin boundary Agafa Gumas Sub-basin Finegayan Sub-basin % Andersen Sub-basin Yigo-Tumon Sub-basin Mangilao Sub-basin Agana Sub-basin N 1
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local upconing 1
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regional saltwater intrusion 2
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SEWER LIFT STATIONS FAILURES 20 2
Harmon Sink 2
TUMON BAY TOURISM CENTER FOR OUR ISLAND Sewer Lift Station Overflows Contamination 21 2
RECENT CRISIS Southern Link Pump Station May 21, 2000: A pump shut down and Raw Sewage overflow into pump station May 23, 2000: Replacement pump breaks due to wrong electrical control panel Jan 2001: 62.4MG Raw Sewage has gushed out into Harmon Sink Jan 2001: 12 MG More into Harmon Sink 2
RECENT CRISIS Southern Link Pump Station (cont.) March 9, 2001: Tumon Bay was closed because of Bacterial contamination March 12, 2001: Broken pipe dumps 6 MGD of Raw Sewage into Harmon Sink March 14, 2001: Governor declare state of emergency 2
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Green Algae Problem in Tumon Bay 2
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SEWAGE LIFT STATIONS Chaot and other failing lift stations are prime suspect for contamination of well water supplies. 3
RECENT CRISIS Chaot Pump Station March 9, 10, 12, 2001: Wells A-6, A-29, A-30 in Ordot, Hagatna, and Sinajana shows the presence of total coliform & E.coli bacteria. Cause: Raw Sewage overflow from Chaot pump station for the last 5 years 3
ACTION! March 14: Gov. declared an emergency and issued an executive order asking Legislature to allow GWA to enter into public-private partnerships???! GWA injected a large amount of chlorine to the wells in affected area??? 3
ACTION (cont.)! Hotel and Restaurant Assoc. agreed to provide money to fix the Fujita, Liguan and Southern Link pump stations, in exchange for GWA rate reduction! GWA is in the process of finding a private contractor to maintain 22 pump stations 3
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONCERNS 3 1
HOT COMMUNICATION Bert Johnston:! We are dealing with a $300M piece of equipment! Recent problems are due to: Aged pipes & facilities Lack of proper maintenance Inability of the system to handle various wastes 3
HOT COMMUNICATION (cont.) Senator Joanne Brown:! Water utility needs qualified individuals managing the agency! Proper maintenance plans are essential, and GWA needs to prioritize projects! Money is not a problem, but management is 3
THAT S WHY WE NEED THESE 4
FLOOD CONTROL ISSUES Typhoon Chataan over Guam 4
FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ISSUES 4
FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ISSUES! Guam is not enforcing appropriate Flood Plain Management Regulations as required by FEMA! Flooding maps are outdated Rainfall frequency statistics need updating Flood plains need re-delineation! Need to examine recent flooding for calibration of models 4
Summary Comments And Questions 44
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THANK YOU 5